State v. Miller

729 A.2d 524, 321 N.J. Super. 550, 1999 N.J. Super. LEXIS 162
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedJanuary 22, 1999
StatusPublished

This text of 729 A.2d 524 (State v. Miller) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Miller, 729 A.2d 524, 321 N.J. Super. 550, 1999 N.J. Super. LEXIS 162 (N.J. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

ORLANDO, A.J.S.C.

A jury convicted defendant of Graves Act offenses. Defendant asked the prosecutor to make an application to the assignment judge pursuant to •N.J.SA 2C:43-6.2 for a reduction of the mandatory term of imprisonment required by the Graves Act. The prosecutor declined to do so. Defendant now challenges the decision of the prosecutor as being arbitrary and unconstitutional. The prosecutor’s decision not to seek a reduction of the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment required for firearms offenses is not arbitrary, in light of the purpose of the Graves Act, which is to deter crimes committed while using a gun. Nor is the decision unconstitutional, where there is no showing that this defendant is being treated differently than any other person or class of persons in a similar circumstance.

' This case arises from an event that occurred on October 2,1995. Witnesses presented by the state testified that defendant, Israel Miller, believed two joggers had damaged his car. He exited the car with a handgun, loaded the handgun and pointed it at the joggers threatening them. He then told the joggers to run. They ran. Miller got back into his vehicle and while attempting to unload the gun, he mishandled it, shooting himself in the foot. Miller’s recitation of what happened was quite different. Miller testified that he was assaulted by the joggers and that during the scuffle he was shot when a gun one of them was carrying discharged.

The jury did not believe Miller. He was convicted of possession of a weapon for an unlawful purpose, a second degree crime ,in violation of N.J.SA 2C:39-4a, aggravated assault, a fourth, degree crime in violation of N.J.SA 2C:12-lb(4) and unlawful possession of a weapon, a third degree crime in violation of N.J.SA. 2C:39-5b.

[553]*553Before the sentencing hearing, counsel for defendant requested the prosecutor to make an application to the assignment judge pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:43-6.2 for a reduction of the mandatory minimum penalties required by the Graves Act. The prosecutor refused to do so.

During the sentencing hearing, the trial judge, Judge Norman Telsey, found one aggravating factor: the need for deterring defendant and others from violating the law. He found four mitigating factors: defendant had no history of prior delinquency, defendant’s conduct was a result of circumstances unlikely to recur, the character and attitude of defendant indicate that he is unlikely to commit another offense and defendant is likely to respond affirmatively to probationary treatment. Judge Telsey merged the convictions for aggravated assault and possession of a weapon for unlawful purpose and imposed a five year term of imprisonment with a three year period of parole in eligibility. He also imposed a concurrent three year term of imprisonment for the unlawful possession of a weapon. The sentence imposed is mandated by the Graves Act, which requires a prison term with at least three years of parole in eligibility. N.J.S.A 2C:43-6c.

Miller filed the instant application contesting the prosecutor’s decision not to seek a reduction of the mandatory penalties imposed by the Graves Act. He contends that the prosecutor’s decision was arbitrary and an unconstitutional denial of equal protection.

“The Graves Act provides, generally, that one who uses or possesses a firearm while attempting to commit, or fleeing after commission of, certain serious offenses specified in that Act shall be mandatorily sentenced to prison for a term that includes at least three years of parole ineligibility.” State v. Des Marets, 92 N.J. 62, 64, 455 A.2d 1074 (1983). The purpose of the Graves Act is to deter the use of firearms. In Des Marets, Chief Justice Wilentz examined the legislative intent underlying the Graves Act. He stated:

[554]*554The intent of the Act is manifest: at the very least, to ensure incarceration for those who arm themselves before going forth to commit crimes. The Act is a direct response to a substantial increase in violent crime in New Jersey. The history of the legislation makes it clear that its focus is deterrence and only deterrence; rehabilitation plays no part in this legislation. The intended deterrence can be served only by giving effect to the obviously broad coverage of this law.
[Id. at 68,455 A.2d 1074.]

Consequently, the New Jersey Supreme Court in State v. Towey, 114 N.J. 69, 552 A.2d 994 (1989), stated that the weighing of the aggravating and mitigating factors does not play a role in the decision to impose the minimum term of incarceration required by the Graves Act. Id. at 82, 552 A.2d 994. The minimum term is mandated even if the mitigating factors outweigh the aggravating factors. Ibid.

N.J.S.A 2C:43-6.2 establishes a statutory escape valve from the mandatory terms of imprisonment required by N.J.S.A 2C:43-6c. N.J.S.A 2C:43-6.2 provides:

On a motion by the prosecutor made to the assignment judge that the imposition of a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment under (a) subsection c. of N.J.S. 2C:43-6 for a defendant who has not previously been convicted of an offense under that subsection, or (b) subsection e. of N.J.S. 2C:39-10 for a defendant who has not previously been convicted of an offense under chapter 39 of Title 20 of the New Jersey Statutes, does not serve the interests of justice, the assignment judge shall place the defendant on probation pursuant to paragraph (2) of subsection b. of N.J.S. 20:43-2 or reduce to one year the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment during which the defendant will be ineligible for parole. The sentencing court may also refer a case of a defendant who has not previously been convicted of an offense under that subsection to the assignment judge, with the approval of the prosecutor, if the sentencing court believes that the interests of justice would not be served by the imposition of a mandatory minimum term.

The Appellate Division in State v. Ginty, 243 N.J.Super. 39, 42, 578 A.2d 400 (App.Div.1990), determined that the relief afforded by N.J.S.A 20:43-6.2 arises in two circumstances. In one instance, relief may be granted when the prosecutor makes a motion to the assignment judge stating that the mandatory minimum period of incarceration required by the Graves Act does not serve the interests of justice. Ibid. The second circumstance arises when the sentencing judge concludes that the minimum term of imprisonment required by the Graves Act should not be imposed. [555]*555Ibid. In the latter case the sentencing judge may, with the approval of the prosecutor, refer the case to the assignment judge for sentencing. The assignment judge may then impose either a probationary term or a one year mandatory minimum term of incarceration. The prosecutor must approve the application to the assignment judge for relief from the mandatory period of incarceration in both circumstances.

In State v. Alvarez, 246 N.J.Super.

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Related

State v. Des Marets
455 A.2d 1074 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1983)
State v. Towey
552 A.2d 994 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1989)
State v. Alvarez
586 A.2d 1332 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1991)
State v. Ginty
578 A.2d 400 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1990)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
729 A.2d 524, 321 N.J. Super. 550, 1999 N.J. Super. LEXIS 162, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-miller-njsuperctappdiv-1999.