[Cite as State v. Middleton, 2013-Ohio-1848.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : CASE NO. CA2012-08-082 Plaintiff-Appellee, : OPINION : 5/6/2013 - vs - :
BETHANIE MIDDLETON, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JUVENILE DIVISION Case No. 11-NO25555
David P. Fornshell, Warren County Prosecuting Attorney, Michael Greer, 500 Justice Drive, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for plaintiff-appellee
Gray and Duning, John C. Kaspar, 130 East Mulberry Street, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for defendant-appellant
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} A mother, convicted of contributing to the unruliness of a minor when it was
alleged her daughter was a habitual truant, contends on appeal there were legitimate
excuses for her daughter's absences and instances of tardiness. We affirm the conviction,
finding the manifest weight of the evidence supports the finding the mother recklessly acted Warren CA2012-08-082
in a way tending to cause her daughter to be an unruly child.
{¶ 2} Defendant-appellant, Bethanie Middleton, was charged in Warren County
Juvenile Court with contributing to the unruliness or delinquency of a minor under R.C.
2919.24(A)(2), with regard to her daughter's school attendance. A juvenile court magistrate
found Middleton guilty, issuing a decision with extensive findings of fact and conclusions of
law. Middleton objected to the magistrate's decision. The trial court issued a separate
opinion, overruling the objections and adopting the magistrate's decision. On appeal,
Middleton raises the following single assignment of error for our review:
{¶ 3} THE TRIAL COURT'S DETERMINATION THAT DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
CONTRIBUTED TO THE DELINQUENCY OF HER DAUGHTER IS CONTRARY TO THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE. [sic]
{¶ 4} First, we note that the complaint in this case avers that Middleton did
"recklessly" act in a way tending to cause her child to be an unruly child, in that Middleton
failed to send her daughter to school [emphasis added]. The complaint alleged that
Middleton's daughter was absent from school a total of 24 days for the school year, of which
14 absences were unexcused.
{¶ 5} Middleton argues that the state did not prove her daughter missed the requisite
number of days of school and failed to show the absences were without legitimate excuse.
She also argues the school deserves equal blame for her daughter's tardy attendance
because the child was tardy while in the "care and possession" of the school.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2919.24(A)(2), states, in pertinent part, that no person, including a parent,
guardian, or other custodian of a child, shall: "Act in a way tending to cause a child or a ward
of the juvenile court to become an unruly child, as defined in section 2151.022 of the Revised
Code, or a delinquent child, as defined in section 2152.02 of the Revised Code[.]"
{¶ 7} "Unruly child" includes any child who is a habitual truant from school and who -2- Warren CA2012-08-082
previously has not been adjudicated an unruly child for being a habitual truant. R.C.
2151.022(B). "Habitual truant" means any child of compulsory school age who is absent --
without a legitimate excuse for the absence -- from the public school the child is supposed to
attend for five or more consecutive school days, seven or more school days in one school
month, or twelve or more school days in a school year. R.C. 2151.011(B)(19).
{¶ 8} A "legitimate excuse for absence from the public school the child is supposed to
attend" includes, but is not limited to, where the child in question has enrolled in and is
attending another public or nonpublic school in this or another state, the child is excused
from attendance at school for any of the reasons specified in R.C. 3321.04, the compulsory
attendance statute, or the child has received an age and schooling certificate. R.C.
2151.011(B)(22).
{¶ 9} The culpable mental state of "recklessness" applies to the offense of
contributing to the unruliness of a minor. State v. Moody, 104 Ohio St.3d 244, 2004-Ohio-
6395, syllabus. A person acts "recklessly" when, with heedless indifference to the
consequences, she perversely disregards a known risk that her conduct is likely to cause a
certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. R.C. 2901.22(C). A person is reckless with
respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference to the consequences, she
perversely disregards a known risk that such circumstances are likely to exist. Id.
{¶ 10} Where it is charged that the defendant did "act in a way tending to cause"
unruliness or delinquency of a child under R.C. 2919.24(A)(2), it is not necessary to establish
an actual unruliness or delinquency, but only that the defendant's acts are such as would
tend to cause unruliness or delinquency of the child. State v. Kindle, 3d Dist. No. 5-02-21,
2003-Ohio-302, ¶ 11.
{¶ 11} As previously mentioned, Middleton is challenging the manifest weight of the
evidence supporting her conviction. The weight of the evidence concerns the inclination of -3- Warren CA2012-08-082
the greater amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the issue
rather than the other. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997).
{¶ 12} When considering whether a conviction is supported by the weight of the
evidence, an appellate court reviews the entire record, weighs the evidence and all
reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in
resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.
State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, ¶ 39. The discretionary power to grant
a new trial should be exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs
heavily against the conviction. Thompkins at 387. We must be mindful that the weight to be
given the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of the facts.
See State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 231 (1967).
{¶ 13} In the case at bar, the school's attendance officer, Jovetta Wysong, testified
that she inputs the pertinent attendance data into the school's attendance database.
Wysong's testimony was based on a printout from that database. Wysong indicated that
Middleton's daughter had 13 unexcused absences during the 2010-2011 school year.
{¶ 14} Wysong explained the school's attendance policy, which she indicated is
included in the student handbook that is provided to every student. Wysong testified the
school's attendance policy requires a parent or guardian to contact the school before 10 a.m.,
when a child is absent from school. If the parent has not contacted the school, Wysong will
attempt to contact the parent. The printout indicated the attempts made to contact
Middleton.
{¶ 15} According to Wysong, the school policy provides that a child's absence will be
excused with a parent's note for the first nine absences of the school year. After that time,
an absence will only be excused with a doctor's note. To excuse an absence, both the -4- Warren CA2012-08-082
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[Cite as State v. Middleton, 2013-Ohio-1848.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : CASE NO. CA2012-08-082 Plaintiff-Appellee, : OPINION : 5/6/2013 - vs - :
BETHANIE MIDDLETON, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JUVENILE DIVISION Case No. 11-NO25555
David P. Fornshell, Warren County Prosecuting Attorney, Michael Greer, 500 Justice Drive, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for plaintiff-appellee
Gray and Duning, John C. Kaspar, 130 East Mulberry Street, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for defendant-appellant
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} A mother, convicted of contributing to the unruliness of a minor when it was
alleged her daughter was a habitual truant, contends on appeal there were legitimate
excuses for her daughter's absences and instances of tardiness. We affirm the conviction,
finding the manifest weight of the evidence supports the finding the mother recklessly acted Warren CA2012-08-082
in a way tending to cause her daughter to be an unruly child.
{¶ 2} Defendant-appellant, Bethanie Middleton, was charged in Warren County
Juvenile Court with contributing to the unruliness or delinquency of a minor under R.C.
2919.24(A)(2), with regard to her daughter's school attendance. A juvenile court magistrate
found Middleton guilty, issuing a decision with extensive findings of fact and conclusions of
law. Middleton objected to the magistrate's decision. The trial court issued a separate
opinion, overruling the objections and adopting the magistrate's decision. On appeal,
Middleton raises the following single assignment of error for our review:
{¶ 3} THE TRIAL COURT'S DETERMINATION THAT DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
CONTRIBUTED TO THE DELINQUENCY OF HER DAUGHTER IS CONTRARY TO THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE. [sic]
{¶ 4} First, we note that the complaint in this case avers that Middleton did
"recklessly" act in a way tending to cause her child to be an unruly child, in that Middleton
failed to send her daughter to school [emphasis added]. The complaint alleged that
Middleton's daughter was absent from school a total of 24 days for the school year, of which
14 absences were unexcused.
{¶ 5} Middleton argues that the state did not prove her daughter missed the requisite
number of days of school and failed to show the absences were without legitimate excuse.
She also argues the school deserves equal blame for her daughter's tardy attendance
because the child was tardy while in the "care and possession" of the school.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2919.24(A)(2), states, in pertinent part, that no person, including a parent,
guardian, or other custodian of a child, shall: "Act in a way tending to cause a child or a ward
of the juvenile court to become an unruly child, as defined in section 2151.022 of the Revised
Code, or a delinquent child, as defined in section 2152.02 of the Revised Code[.]"
{¶ 7} "Unruly child" includes any child who is a habitual truant from school and who -2- Warren CA2012-08-082
previously has not been adjudicated an unruly child for being a habitual truant. R.C.
2151.022(B). "Habitual truant" means any child of compulsory school age who is absent --
without a legitimate excuse for the absence -- from the public school the child is supposed to
attend for five or more consecutive school days, seven or more school days in one school
month, or twelve or more school days in a school year. R.C. 2151.011(B)(19).
{¶ 8} A "legitimate excuse for absence from the public school the child is supposed to
attend" includes, but is not limited to, where the child in question has enrolled in and is
attending another public or nonpublic school in this or another state, the child is excused
from attendance at school for any of the reasons specified in R.C. 3321.04, the compulsory
attendance statute, or the child has received an age and schooling certificate. R.C.
2151.011(B)(22).
{¶ 9} The culpable mental state of "recklessness" applies to the offense of
contributing to the unruliness of a minor. State v. Moody, 104 Ohio St.3d 244, 2004-Ohio-
6395, syllabus. A person acts "recklessly" when, with heedless indifference to the
consequences, she perversely disregards a known risk that her conduct is likely to cause a
certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. R.C. 2901.22(C). A person is reckless with
respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference to the consequences, she
perversely disregards a known risk that such circumstances are likely to exist. Id.
{¶ 10} Where it is charged that the defendant did "act in a way tending to cause"
unruliness or delinquency of a child under R.C. 2919.24(A)(2), it is not necessary to establish
an actual unruliness or delinquency, but only that the defendant's acts are such as would
tend to cause unruliness or delinquency of the child. State v. Kindle, 3d Dist. No. 5-02-21,
2003-Ohio-302, ¶ 11.
{¶ 11} As previously mentioned, Middleton is challenging the manifest weight of the
evidence supporting her conviction. The weight of the evidence concerns the inclination of -3- Warren CA2012-08-082
the greater amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the issue
rather than the other. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997).
{¶ 12} When considering whether a conviction is supported by the weight of the
evidence, an appellate court reviews the entire record, weighs the evidence and all
reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in
resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.
State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, ¶ 39. The discretionary power to grant
a new trial should be exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs
heavily against the conviction. Thompkins at 387. We must be mindful that the weight to be
given the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of the facts.
See State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 231 (1967).
{¶ 13} In the case at bar, the school's attendance officer, Jovetta Wysong, testified
that she inputs the pertinent attendance data into the school's attendance database.
Wysong's testimony was based on a printout from that database. Wysong indicated that
Middleton's daughter had 13 unexcused absences during the 2010-2011 school year.
{¶ 14} Wysong explained the school's attendance policy, which she indicated is
included in the student handbook that is provided to every student. Wysong testified the
school's attendance policy requires a parent or guardian to contact the school before 10 a.m.,
when a child is absent from school. If the parent has not contacted the school, Wysong will
attempt to contact the parent. The printout indicated the attempts made to contact
Middleton.
{¶ 15} According to Wysong, the school policy provides that a child's absence will be
excused with a parent's note for the first nine absences of the school year. After that time,
an absence will only be excused with a doctor's note. To excuse an absence, both the -4- Warren CA2012-08-082
parent note and the doctor's note, where applicable, must be provided within two days of the
absence.
{¶ 16} Wysong indicated the school's attendance database software generates letters
after the child's fifth recorded absence, eighth absence, and ninth absence. Wysong said the
letters remind or warn parents about the number of absences accumulating. The ninth-
absence letter reportedly reminds the parent that a doctor's note will be required thereafter to
excuse an absence. While the magistrate found four such letters were regularly generated,
we note that the evidence supports the finding that three such letters were regularly
generated.
{¶ 17} Wysong recalled mailing these three reminder letters to Middleton, but did not
receive any response in return. Wysong testified that she also reminded Middleton over the
phone to bring a doctor's note to excuse her daughter's absences, once the child incurred
more than nine absences that school year.
{¶ 18} Wysong testified about the dates of and circumstances surrounding the
unexcused absences. She indicated that some of the absences were listed as unexcused
when Middleton sent a parent's note instead of a doctor's note after the first nine absences.
Additionally, some unexcused absences were noted when Middleton presented a parent or
doctor's note untimely or when Middleton did not present a note at all.
{¶ 19} In addition to the full-day absences, when a student is late to class on five
occasions without a valid excuse, those five unexcused "tardies" are counted as one day
absence from school. Wysong testified that Middleton had 24 unexcused tardies for the
school year, or four unexcused absences in addition to the 13 absences.
{¶ 20} Middleton testified there were various reasons why her daughter was absent
from school and tardy to class. Middleton indicated that her child has an individualized
education plan (IEP) and a neurological disorder that contributes to frequent falls. Middleton -5- Warren CA2012-08-082
said one of the unexcused absences was the result of a fall at school, so the school, which
she said sent the child home, was aware of the reason for that absence.
{¶ 21} Middleton also indicated that her child is frequently ill and has had recurring
physical issues. She also claims her daughter had problems with an intervention specialist at
school. Middleton said she kept her daughter home on one occasion to avoid what she
perceived as unfair punishment. Middleton indicated she also kept her daughter home while
she was searching for alternative school placements.
{¶ 22} The school principal indicated that Middleton told her she wanted to move her
daughter from the school, and acknowledged she recalled seeing paperwork for an
alternative school placement. However, she said Middleton's daughter did not leave and
continued attending the school.
{¶ 23} Addressing her daughter's tardy attendance, Middleton argues her daughter
rode the school bus and the school had control over the child once she arrived at the school,
and, therefore, Middleton was not responsible when the child lingered at the voluntary school
breakfast, or dawdled at her locker until she was late for class. Evidence was presented that
both parties conferred and the school eventually implemented alternative approaches to
eventually address the tardiness issue.
{¶ 24} In adopting the magistrate's decision, the juvenile court held that the child's
medical conditions did not excuse Middleton's obligation to comply with the school
attendance policy. The juvenile court concluded that Middleton failed to communicate her
inability to provide a doctor's note every time her daughter was ill.
{¶ 25} The juvenile court also found that Middleton did not put forth any effort to
collaborate with the school; never requested a special exemption based on the child's
medical-related absences, did not respond to the school's mail correspondence informing her
that she was now required to provide a doctor's note, and despite warnings from the school -6- Warren CA2012-08-082
about absences, Middleton "encouraged" the child to miss school due to a disagreement with
the child's special education instructor.
{¶ 26} We are aware that Middleton alleged her daughter missed some school when
Middleton was seeking alternative school placements. However, no evidence was presented
that showed the child was enrolled in and attending another school as provided by R.C.
2151.011.
{¶ 27} Applying the pertinent standard of review on a manifest weight of the evidence
challenge, we cannot say the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.
{¶ 28} The evidence showed that Middleton's daughter had 13 unexcused absences,
even if the four absences compiled from the unexcused "tardies" were not counted. This
number of unexcused absences met the school-year criteria for the R.C. 2151.011 and R.C.
2151.022 definitions of "habitual truant" and "unruly child," respectively. Accordingly, the
manifest weight of the evidence supports the finding that Middleton recklessly acted in a way
tending to cause her daughter to become an unruly child under R.C. 2919.24. Middleton's
single assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 29} Judgment affirmed.
HENDRICKSON, P.J. and PIPER, J., concur.
-7-