[Cite as State v. McGowan, 2021-Ohio-404.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT SANDUSKY COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. S-20-020
Appellee Trial Court No. 19 CR 1116
v.
Matthew C. McGowan DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: February 12, 2021
*****
Beth A. Tischler, Sandusky County Prosecuting Attorney, and Alexis M. Hotz, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellant.
Karin L. Coble, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Matthew C. McGowan, appeals the judgment of the Sandusky
County Court of Common Pleas, convicting him following a guilty plea of three counts
of rape, and sentencing him to a total prison term of 30 to 35 years. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm. I. Facts and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} On December 18, 2019, the Sandusky County Grand Jury returned a five-
count indictment, charging appellant with four counts of rape in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (B), felonies of the first degree, and one count of attempted rape in
violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (B), a felony of the second degree.
{¶ 3} On March 19, 2020, appellant withdrew his initial plea of not guilty, and
entered a plea of guilty to three amended counts of rape in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(c), felonies of the first degree. In exchange for his plea, the state agreed
to dismiss the remaining two counts. The facts as recited by the state were that between
August and November 2019, appellant engaged in vaginal intercourse, digital
penetration, and cunnilingus with the victim, a 12-year-old girl. Appellant was 37 years
old at the time. Following the state’s recitation of the facts, and a detailed Crim.R. 11
plea colloquy, the trial court accepted appellant’s plea, found him guilty, and continued
the matter for preparation of a presentence investigation report.
{¶ 4} At the sentencing hearing on May 13, 2020, the trial court considered the
physical and psychological harm to the victim—which the court acknowledged was
“difficult to quantify”— the fact that appellant’s relationship with the victim facilitated
the offense, appellant’s criminal history that included a prior conviction for statutory
rape, appellant’s likelihood to be a recidivist, and appellant’s expression of remorse.
Thereafter, the trial court sentenced appellant to indefinite prison terms of 10 to 15 years
on each count. The court further ordered those terms to be served consecutively for a
2. total indefinite prison term of 30 to 35 years. In ordering the consecutive prison terms,
the trial court found that consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the public from
future crime and to punish appellant, that consecutive sentences were not
disproportionate to the seriousness of appellant’s conduct and to the danger that he posed
to the public, and that appellant’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crimes.
II. Assignment of Error
{¶ 5} Appellant has timely appealed his judgment of conviction, and now asserts
one assignment of error for our review:
1. Appellant’s consecutive sentence is not supported by clear and
convincing evidence in the record.
III. Analysis
{¶ 6} “Where the appellant challenges the trial court’s imposition of consecutive
sentences, we are bound to review the issue under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a), and must
affirm the trial court unless we clearly and convincingly find ‘[t]hat the record does not
support the sentencing court’s findings under division * * * (C)(4) of section 2929.14.’”
State v. Taylor, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-19-009, 2020-Ohio-404, ¶ 14, quoting R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(a). R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) requires a trial court to find
that the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from future
crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive sentences are not
3. disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the
danger the offender poses to the public, and * * * any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses
while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised
Code, or was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of
one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender.
{¶ 7} In support of his assignment of error, appellant first argues that the trial
court failed to specifically verbalize which factual circumstances supported the court’s
findings. However, such a detailed recitation is not required. “[A]s long as the reviewing
court can discern that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine
that the record contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should be
upheld.” State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, ¶ 29.
4. Here, the record is clear that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis by making the
required findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶ 8} Turning then, to whether the trial court’s findings are supported by the
record, appellant relies on State v. Johnson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102449, 2016-Ohio-
1536, in which the Eighth District reversed the judgment of the trial court, and modified
Johnson’s sentence from 50 years to life in prison to 25 years to life in prison. In that
case, Johnson pleaded guilty to raping a three-year-old child and a five-year-old child.
On appeal, the Eighth District determined that consecutive sentences were not warranted
because the record did not support the trial court’s finding that “consecutive sentences are
not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the
offender poses to the public.” R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).1 The court reasoned that while the
acts were “heinous” and “terrible,” every case of forcible rape of a child is heinous and
terrible, which is why the legislature mandated such a stiff penalty for a single offense.
Johnson at ¶ 20. The court concluded that Johnson’s conduct did not reflect such a
seriousness and danger to the public that 50 years to life in prison was necessary to
protect the public from him. Id. at ¶ 24. In reaching its conclusion, the Eighth District
noted that Johnson had several misdemeanor convictions, but only one felony conviction,
1 Not applicable here, the Eighth District separately determined that the trial court’s finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b)—that the harm caused by two or more offenses committed as part of a course of conduct was so great or unusual that a single prison term did not adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct—was not supported by the record. Johnson at ¶ 21.
5. which was for robbery for which he served two years of community control. Further, the
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[Cite as State v. McGowan, 2021-Ohio-404.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT SANDUSKY COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. S-20-020
Appellee Trial Court No. 19 CR 1116
v.
Matthew C. McGowan DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: February 12, 2021
*****
Beth A. Tischler, Sandusky County Prosecuting Attorney, and Alexis M. Hotz, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellant.
Karin L. Coble, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Matthew C. McGowan, appeals the judgment of the Sandusky
County Court of Common Pleas, convicting him following a guilty plea of three counts
of rape, and sentencing him to a total prison term of 30 to 35 years. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm. I. Facts and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} On December 18, 2019, the Sandusky County Grand Jury returned a five-
count indictment, charging appellant with four counts of rape in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (B), felonies of the first degree, and one count of attempted rape in
violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (B), a felony of the second degree.
{¶ 3} On March 19, 2020, appellant withdrew his initial plea of not guilty, and
entered a plea of guilty to three amended counts of rape in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(c), felonies of the first degree. In exchange for his plea, the state agreed
to dismiss the remaining two counts. The facts as recited by the state were that between
August and November 2019, appellant engaged in vaginal intercourse, digital
penetration, and cunnilingus with the victim, a 12-year-old girl. Appellant was 37 years
old at the time. Following the state’s recitation of the facts, and a detailed Crim.R. 11
plea colloquy, the trial court accepted appellant’s plea, found him guilty, and continued
the matter for preparation of a presentence investigation report.
{¶ 4} At the sentencing hearing on May 13, 2020, the trial court considered the
physical and psychological harm to the victim—which the court acknowledged was
“difficult to quantify”— the fact that appellant’s relationship with the victim facilitated
the offense, appellant’s criminal history that included a prior conviction for statutory
rape, appellant’s likelihood to be a recidivist, and appellant’s expression of remorse.
Thereafter, the trial court sentenced appellant to indefinite prison terms of 10 to 15 years
on each count. The court further ordered those terms to be served consecutively for a
2. total indefinite prison term of 30 to 35 years. In ordering the consecutive prison terms,
the trial court found that consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the public from
future crime and to punish appellant, that consecutive sentences were not
disproportionate to the seriousness of appellant’s conduct and to the danger that he posed
to the public, and that appellant’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crimes.
II. Assignment of Error
{¶ 5} Appellant has timely appealed his judgment of conviction, and now asserts
one assignment of error for our review:
1. Appellant’s consecutive sentence is not supported by clear and
convincing evidence in the record.
III. Analysis
{¶ 6} “Where the appellant challenges the trial court’s imposition of consecutive
sentences, we are bound to review the issue under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a), and must
affirm the trial court unless we clearly and convincingly find ‘[t]hat the record does not
support the sentencing court’s findings under division * * * (C)(4) of section 2929.14.’”
State v. Taylor, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-19-009, 2020-Ohio-404, ¶ 14, quoting R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(a). R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) requires a trial court to find
that the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from future
crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive sentences are not
3. disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the
danger the offender poses to the public, and * * * any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses
while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised
Code, or was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of
one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender.
{¶ 7} In support of his assignment of error, appellant first argues that the trial
court failed to specifically verbalize which factual circumstances supported the court’s
findings. However, such a detailed recitation is not required. “[A]s long as the reviewing
court can discern that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine
that the record contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should be
upheld.” State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, ¶ 29.
4. Here, the record is clear that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis by making the
required findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶ 8} Turning then, to whether the trial court’s findings are supported by the
record, appellant relies on State v. Johnson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102449, 2016-Ohio-
1536, in which the Eighth District reversed the judgment of the trial court, and modified
Johnson’s sentence from 50 years to life in prison to 25 years to life in prison. In that
case, Johnson pleaded guilty to raping a three-year-old child and a five-year-old child.
On appeal, the Eighth District determined that consecutive sentences were not warranted
because the record did not support the trial court’s finding that “consecutive sentences are
not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the
offender poses to the public.” R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).1 The court reasoned that while the
acts were “heinous” and “terrible,” every case of forcible rape of a child is heinous and
terrible, which is why the legislature mandated such a stiff penalty for a single offense.
Johnson at ¶ 20. The court concluded that Johnson’s conduct did not reflect such a
seriousness and danger to the public that 50 years to life in prison was necessary to
protect the public from him. Id. at ¶ 24. In reaching its conclusion, the Eighth District
noted that Johnson had several misdemeanor convictions, but only one felony conviction,
1 Not applicable here, the Eighth District separately determined that the trial court’s finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b)—that the harm caused by two or more offenses committed as part of a course of conduct was so great or unusual that a single prison term did not adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct—was not supported by the record. Johnson at ¶ 21.
5. which was for robbery for which he served two years of community control. Further, the
court noted that Johnson had no prior sexually related offenses. Id.
{¶ 9} Appellant argues that like Johnson, the nature of the offense is itself
“heinous” and “terrible,” but the nature of the offense alone should not automatically
warrant consecutive sentences. Upon review, we do not find appellant’s arguments under
Johnson persuasive. We read Johnson to turn on that court’s belief that a prison sentence
of 50 years to life was simply too long and was not necessary to protect the public from
the defendant, and was not “the minimum sanction[] that accomplishes the overriding
purposes of felony sentencing * * * without imposing an unnecessary burden on state or
local governmental resources” as required by R.C. 2929.11. Johnson at ¶ 25. However,
this line of reasoning was rejected by the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Gwynne, 158
Ohio St.3d 279, 2019-Ohio-4761, 141 N.E.3d 169, ¶ 16-18, which recognized that R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(a) is the “exclusive means of appellate review of consecutive sentences,”
and that R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 are not applicable to a review of consecutive
sentences. Furthermore, the Ohio Supreme Court recently clarified in State v. Jones, Slip
Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-6729, ¶ 42, that “[n]othing in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) permits an
appellate court to independently weigh the evidence in the record and substitute its
judgment for that of the trial court concerning the sentence that best reflects compliance
with R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.” Thus, our review is limited to whether the trial court’s
findings are clearly and convincingly unsupported by the record as set forth in R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(a).
6. {¶ 10} In this case, and unlike the defendant in Johnson, the record reveals that
appellant has previously been convicted of statutory rape in Missouri in 2000, was
sentenced to five years of probation, and ultimately was sentenced to seven years in
prison for violating that probation. Thereafter, appellant was sentenced to five years in
prison in Missouri in 2009 for committing burglary. Finally, at the time he committed
the present offenses, appellant was under indictment in Ottawa County for failure to
notify as a sex offender, a felony of the first degree. In sum, we cannot clearly and
convincingly find that the trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences is unsupported
by the record where appellant has previously been convicted of statutory rape, has failed
to comply with the terms of his probation, has clearly not been rehabilitated, and where
he has raped a 12-year-old child multiple times and in multiple ways over the course of
several months.
{¶ 11} Accordingly, appellant’s assignment of error is not well-taken.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 12} For the foregoing reasons, we find that substantial justice has been done the
party complaining, and the judgment of the Sandusky County Court of Common Pleas is
affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
7. State v. McGowan C.A. No. S-20-020
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ Gene A. Zmuda, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.