State v. Lucero

784 P.2d 1041, 109 N.M. 298
New Mexico Court of Appeals·Decided November 30, 1989·No. 10944·Published·Cited by 13 cases

Opinion

OPINION

BIVINS, Chief Judge.

Defendant appeals his convictions, following a jury trial, of attempted first degree criminal sexual penetration, first degree criminal sexual penetration, criminal sexual contact of a minor, and kidnapping. He raises six issues on appeal: (1) whether use of a videotaped deposition of the child victim violated defendant’s sixth amendment confrontation rights; (2) whether a mistrial should have been granted when the state brought out defendant’s prior conviction for larceny; (3) whether prior consistent statements of the child were admissible under SCRA 1986, ll-801(D)(l)(b); (4) whether the trial court erred in denying defendant an opportunity to explore mother’s motive to influence the child to lie; (5) whether the prosecutor impermissibly commented on defendant’s failure to testify; and (6) cumulative error. Defendant voluntarily abandoned three other issues raised in his docketing statement.

We hold the trial court erred in excluding evidence offered to show mother’s motive to influence the child to lie by naming defendant as her molester. Accordingly, we reverse on that issue and remand for new trial. Because the issues concerning use of the child’s prior consistent statements and the videotaped deposition are likely to arise on retrial, we discuss those issues. We do not reach the remaining issues, since they are not likely to arise again.

Background

The victim, a seven-year-old girl, told her teacher that a neighbor had sexually molested her. The teacher suggested that she tell her mother. The child informed her mother, naming defendant as her assailant. Defendant and the child’s mother were long-time friends. The child also repeated the incident to Officer Chavez and Detective Craig, to the latter by a videotaped statement, and to Sabrina Garcia and Julia Barker. Garcia and Barker are psychologists who saw the child.

The child testified by a videotaped deposition taken about a month before trial. The child’s prior consistent statements to the other witnesses were introduced through those witnesses. Defendant did not cross-examine the child at her deposition about these statements, although he knew of them, nor, apparently, did he request the deposition be continued so he could cross-examine her about them after they had been admitted into evidence. (We note, however, the trial court ruled at the deposition that there would be no second opportunity to have the child testify.)

1. Mother’s Motive to Influence Child to Lie

Defendant argues mother had a motive to influence the child to fabricate that he was the offender. Defendant claimed that the child was molested by one of her mother’s boyfriends, not by him. He alleged that mother improperly influenced the child to name him as the assailant. Defendant’s claim on appeal is that the trial court erred in excluding his proffered testimony concerning mother’s motive for influencing the child.

Defendant provided evidence suggesting that the child had been molested by someone other than defendant. Defendant’s sister, a long-time friend of the child’s mother, testified that she had observed at a birthday party shortly before the incident involving defendant one of mother’s boyfriends in the child’s bedroom near the foot of the child’s bed. When she entered the room, the man left without speaking, and the child asked defendant’s sister to remain with her. Later the man abruptly left the party when he saw the sister sit down next to mother. The jury could infer from these facts that another adult male may have been the child’s assailant.

Defendant also provided evidence that the child’s implication of defendant as the assailant was the result of deliberate influence by mother. The child described her assailant to her teacher as “a neighbor.” Yet defendant was very close to the family; the child referred to him as her uncle. Defendant suggests that it would have been peculiar for the child to identify him simply as “a neighbor.” Also, while there was some confusion as to the exact time, the jury could believe the child related the incident to her mother while mother was preparing to go to a Tina Turner concert. Instead of abandoning those plans and immediately calling the police or confronting defendant, mother kept her engagement, waiting until the following day to report the incident. If the jury believed that version, it could infer from the delay that either the matter was not important enough for mother to forego her plans or that she wanted to use the time to change the story.

The gap in defendant’s evidence to the jury was the lack of any motive for mother to accuse defendant rather than the real culprit. Absent such a motive, the jury might find it difficult to understand why mother would want to accuse a close family friend. Supplying the motive was the purpose of the evidence excluded by the court. Defendant argued to the court that mother was trying to avoid a custody dispute with the child’s father. Defendant tendered to the court, through an inquiry of mother outside the presence of the jury, that she and the child’s father had engaged in a custody dispute; that father had sought sole custody, alleging that mother’s home was an unsuitable environment for the child; and that mother knew the court’s joint custody arrangement could be changed at any time.

. Defendant attempted to argue to the court that the custody dispute provided a motivation for mother to influence the child to name defendant, an old family friend, rather than her boyfriend. Presumably, defendant’s position was that father would have weaker grounds to seek a change in custody if the abuser was an old friend of both parents, rather than one of mother’s apparently numerous boyfriends. The trial court, saying it could not “follow the defendant’s logic or reasoning at all,” denied his motion to introduce this evidence, as well as additional evidence defendant attempted to tender on this point.

In general, evidence of motive is admissible to prove that a person acted in accordance with that motive. See IA J. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence §§ 117, 118 (1983). Certainly, defendant’s contention that mother induced her child to falsely accuse defendant as her abuser would be much more convincing to the jury if defendant could establish a motive for mother to protect the true offender and implicate defendant.

Although defendant’s theory of motive was somewhat attenuated, we believe the jury could have found that the tendered evidence showed mother had a motive to induce her daughter to lie as to the identity of her assailant. Because evidence of motive is such a material issue in any trial, and because the child’s identification of defendant as her assailant was the only evidence against defendant, we hold the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to allow defendant to present this evidence.

2. Prior Consistent Statements

The child initially told her teacher she had been sexually molested. She described the assailant not by name, but as a neighbor. She then told her mother. From that point on, whenever the child related the incident, she named defendant. Defendant claimed at trial, and on appeal, that mother exerted influence on the child to name defendant rather than one of mother’s boyfriends.

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State v. Lucero, 784 P.2d 1041, 109 N.M. 298 (N.M. Ct. App. 1989).

784 P.2d 1041 (State v. Lucero) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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