[Cite as State v. Lovett, 2015-Ohio-5509.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: Plaintiff-Appellee : : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. -vs- : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. JOSHUA LOVETT : Defendant-Appellee : Case No. 15-CA-28 : -and- : : CASTLE BAIL BONDS : Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Municipal Court, Case No. 14 CRB 2316
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 30, 2015
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee State of Ohio: For Appellant Castle Bail Bonds:
CAROLINE J. CLIPPINGER BLAISE KATTER 40 West Main St. 792 Sheridan Ave. Newark, OH 43055 Columbus, OH 43209 Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant Castle Bail Bonds (“Castle”) appeals from the March 30, 2015
Judgment Entry of the Licking County Municipal Court declaring forfeiture of defendant-
appellee Joshua Lovett’s bond and rendering judgment in favor of appellee state of
Ohio in the amount of $5,000. Lovett is not a party to this appeal.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Lovett was charged with several offenses in the Licking County Municipal
Court and was given a $5000 surety bond at arraignment. Appellant Castle Bail Bonds
posted the bond on November 25, 2014.
{¶3} On February 4, 2015, Lovett failed to appear for bench trial. The trial court
issued a Judgment Entry ordering the Clerk to issue a warrant for Lovett’s arrest and
that the case should be set for bond forfeiture hearing, which was duly scheduled for
March 6, 2015.
{¶4} The file contains a letter from Castle to the trial court filed on March 6,
2015. The letter states Lovett is currently incarcerated on new charges in Franklin
County and “[d]ue to [Lovett’s] current incarceration, Castle Bail Bonds would like to
request that it be removed from [Lovett’s] bond.”
{¶5} On March 30, 2015, the trial court journalized a Judgment Entry stating
the bond forfeiture hearing scheduled for March 6 went forward and Lovett failed to
appear but the surety, through agent Eric Castle, did appear. The entry notes Castle
submitted the paperwork regarding Lovett’s incarceration and states as follows:
* * * *. Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 3
The Court has reviewed the records from the Franklin
County Common Pleas Court and learned that the same surety
posted bond on the defendant’s behalf in Case No. 14CR-4467 on
October 7, 2014. This occurred prior to the surety posting the
defendant’s bond in the case at bar on November 25, 2014. The
Court finds that the surety was aware at the time the bond in this
case was posted that the defendant was facing a possible prison
sentence for the pending felonies in Franklin County.
* * * *.
{¶6} The trial court went on to find Castle failed to surrender Lovett in advance
of his appearance date and Lovett failed to appear as ordered, but Castle assumed the
risk that Lovett’s appearance could not be secured in light of the pending felony charges
in Franklin County. Therefore, pursuant to R.C. 2937.40, the trial court declared
forfeiture of the bond and rendered judgment against Castle in the amount of $5,000.
{¶7} On April 23, 2015, Castle filed a Motion to Reconsider Bond Forfeiture
and the trial court overruled the motion the next day.
{¶8} Castle now appeals from the judgment entry of the trial court dated March
30, 2015.
{¶9} Castle raises two assignments of error:
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT HAVING A SHOW-CAUSE
HEARING BEFORE ENTERING JUDGMENT AGAINST CASTLE BAIL BONDS.” Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 4
{¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT ALLOWING CASTLE BAIL
BONDS TO BE DISCHARGED FROM THE BOND UPON WRITTEN APPLICATION.”
ANALYSIS
I.
{¶12} In its first assignment of error, Castle argues the trial court erred in failing
to schedule a show-cause hearing following its declaration of the forfeiture of the bond.
We agree.
{¶13} An appellate court reviews a trial court's bond forfeiture decision using an
abuse of discretion standard of review. State v. Lee, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010083,
2012-Ohio-4329, ¶ 9. In order to find an abuse of discretion, the reviewing court must
determine that the trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable
and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217,
219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶14} R.C. 2937.35(C) describes the process to be followed upon declaration of
bond forfeiture and states in pertinent part with regard to sureties:
As to recognizances the magistrate or clerk shall notify the
accused and each surety within fifteen days after the declaration of
the forfeiture by ordinary mail at the address shown by them in their
affidavits of qualification or on the record of the case, of the default
of the accused and the adjudication of forfeiture and require each of
them to show cause on or before a date certain to be stated in the
notice, and which shall be not less than forty-five nor more than
sixty days from the date of mailing notice, why judgment should not Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 5
be entered against each of them for the penalty stated in the
recognizance. If good cause by production of the body of the
accused or otherwise is not shown, the court or magistrate shall
thereupon enter judgment against the sureties or either of them, so
notified, in such amount, not exceeding the penalty of the bond, as
has been set in the adjudication of forfeiture, and shall award
execution therefor as in civil cases. The proceeds of sale shall be
received by the clerk or magistrate and distributed as on forfeiture
of cash bail.
{¶15} In this case, upon the declaration of forfeiture the trial court proceeded to
enter judgment against Castle. Pursuant to the statute, Castle should have been given
the opportunity to show cause why judgment should not be entered against it. We
therefore find the trial court abused its discretion in prematurely entering judgment
against Castle.
{¶16} Appellant’s first assignment of error is sustained and this matter is
remanded to the trial court for the purpose of a show cause hearing as described in
R.C. 2937.35(C).
II.
{¶17} In its second assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court should
have permitted Castle to be removed from the bond. In light of our finding in the first
assignment of error, this argument is premature because it remains to be seen what
decision will result from the show cause hearing. Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 6
{¶18} We also note that the trial court’s judgment entry states a bond forfeiture
hearing was held on March 6, 2015. In this assignment of error, Castle argues about
evidence presented at that hearing and arguments made before the trial court. We
have not been provided with the record of the hearing, however.
{¶19} In reviewing assigned error on appeal we are confined to the record that
was before the trial court as defined in App.R. 9(A). This rule provides that the record
on appeal consists of “[t]he original papers and exhibits thereto filed in the trial court, the
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[Cite as State v. Lovett, 2015-Ohio-5509.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: Plaintiff-Appellee : : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. -vs- : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. JOSHUA LOVETT : Defendant-Appellee : Case No. 15-CA-28 : -and- : : CASTLE BAIL BONDS : Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Municipal Court, Case No. 14 CRB 2316
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 30, 2015
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee State of Ohio: For Appellant Castle Bail Bonds:
CAROLINE J. CLIPPINGER BLAISE KATTER 40 West Main St. 792 Sheridan Ave. Newark, OH 43055 Columbus, OH 43209 Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant Castle Bail Bonds (“Castle”) appeals from the March 30, 2015
Judgment Entry of the Licking County Municipal Court declaring forfeiture of defendant-
appellee Joshua Lovett’s bond and rendering judgment in favor of appellee state of
Ohio in the amount of $5,000. Lovett is not a party to this appeal.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Lovett was charged with several offenses in the Licking County Municipal
Court and was given a $5000 surety bond at arraignment. Appellant Castle Bail Bonds
posted the bond on November 25, 2014.
{¶3} On February 4, 2015, Lovett failed to appear for bench trial. The trial court
issued a Judgment Entry ordering the Clerk to issue a warrant for Lovett’s arrest and
that the case should be set for bond forfeiture hearing, which was duly scheduled for
March 6, 2015.
{¶4} The file contains a letter from Castle to the trial court filed on March 6,
2015. The letter states Lovett is currently incarcerated on new charges in Franklin
County and “[d]ue to [Lovett’s] current incarceration, Castle Bail Bonds would like to
request that it be removed from [Lovett’s] bond.”
{¶5} On March 30, 2015, the trial court journalized a Judgment Entry stating
the bond forfeiture hearing scheduled for March 6 went forward and Lovett failed to
appear but the surety, through agent Eric Castle, did appear. The entry notes Castle
submitted the paperwork regarding Lovett’s incarceration and states as follows:
* * * *. Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 3
The Court has reviewed the records from the Franklin
County Common Pleas Court and learned that the same surety
posted bond on the defendant’s behalf in Case No. 14CR-4467 on
October 7, 2014. This occurred prior to the surety posting the
defendant’s bond in the case at bar on November 25, 2014. The
Court finds that the surety was aware at the time the bond in this
case was posted that the defendant was facing a possible prison
sentence for the pending felonies in Franklin County.
* * * *.
{¶6} The trial court went on to find Castle failed to surrender Lovett in advance
of his appearance date and Lovett failed to appear as ordered, but Castle assumed the
risk that Lovett’s appearance could not be secured in light of the pending felony charges
in Franklin County. Therefore, pursuant to R.C. 2937.40, the trial court declared
forfeiture of the bond and rendered judgment against Castle in the amount of $5,000.
{¶7} On April 23, 2015, Castle filed a Motion to Reconsider Bond Forfeiture
and the trial court overruled the motion the next day.
{¶8} Castle now appeals from the judgment entry of the trial court dated March
30, 2015.
{¶9} Castle raises two assignments of error:
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT HAVING A SHOW-CAUSE
HEARING BEFORE ENTERING JUDGMENT AGAINST CASTLE BAIL BONDS.” Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 4
{¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT ALLOWING CASTLE BAIL
BONDS TO BE DISCHARGED FROM THE BOND UPON WRITTEN APPLICATION.”
ANALYSIS
I.
{¶12} In its first assignment of error, Castle argues the trial court erred in failing
to schedule a show-cause hearing following its declaration of the forfeiture of the bond.
We agree.
{¶13} An appellate court reviews a trial court's bond forfeiture decision using an
abuse of discretion standard of review. State v. Lee, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010083,
2012-Ohio-4329, ¶ 9. In order to find an abuse of discretion, the reviewing court must
determine that the trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable
and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217,
219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶14} R.C. 2937.35(C) describes the process to be followed upon declaration of
bond forfeiture and states in pertinent part with regard to sureties:
As to recognizances the magistrate or clerk shall notify the
accused and each surety within fifteen days after the declaration of
the forfeiture by ordinary mail at the address shown by them in their
affidavits of qualification or on the record of the case, of the default
of the accused and the adjudication of forfeiture and require each of
them to show cause on or before a date certain to be stated in the
notice, and which shall be not less than forty-five nor more than
sixty days from the date of mailing notice, why judgment should not Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 5
be entered against each of them for the penalty stated in the
recognizance. If good cause by production of the body of the
accused or otherwise is not shown, the court or magistrate shall
thereupon enter judgment against the sureties or either of them, so
notified, in such amount, not exceeding the penalty of the bond, as
has been set in the adjudication of forfeiture, and shall award
execution therefor as in civil cases. The proceeds of sale shall be
received by the clerk or magistrate and distributed as on forfeiture
of cash bail.
{¶15} In this case, upon the declaration of forfeiture the trial court proceeded to
enter judgment against Castle. Pursuant to the statute, Castle should have been given
the opportunity to show cause why judgment should not be entered against it. We
therefore find the trial court abused its discretion in prematurely entering judgment
against Castle.
{¶16} Appellant’s first assignment of error is sustained and this matter is
remanded to the trial court for the purpose of a show cause hearing as described in
R.C. 2937.35(C).
II.
{¶17} In its second assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court should
have permitted Castle to be removed from the bond. In light of our finding in the first
assignment of error, this argument is premature because it remains to be seen what
decision will result from the show cause hearing. Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 6
{¶18} We also note that the trial court’s judgment entry states a bond forfeiture
hearing was held on March 6, 2015. In this assignment of error, Castle argues about
evidence presented at that hearing and arguments made before the trial court. We
have not been provided with the record of the hearing, however.
{¶19} In reviewing assigned error on appeal we are confined to the record that
was before the trial court as defined in App.R. 9(A). This rule provides that the record
on appeal consists of “[t]he original papers and exhibits thereto filed in the trial court, the
transcript of proceedings, if any, including exhibits, and a certified copy of the docket
and journal entries prepared by the clerk of the trial court.”
{¶20} App.R. 9(B) also provides in part “ * * *[w]hen portions of the transcript
necessary for resolution of assigned errors are omitted from the record, the reviewing
court has nothing to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors, the court has no
choice but to presume the validity of the lower court’s proceedings, and affirm.”
{¶21} In Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories the Ohio Supreme Court stated: “The
duty to provide a transcript for appellate review falls upon the appellant. This is
necessarily so because an appellant bears the burden of showing error by reference to
matters in the record.” 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 400 N.E.2d 384 (1980).
{¶22} Appellant has not provided a transcript of the bond forfeiture hearing on
March 6.1 Without a transcript, we must presume the regularity of the trial court’s
proceeding. State v. Ellis, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 11-COA-015, 2011-Ohio-5646, *2.
1 We note in the motion to reconsider Castle stated no hearing took place because the bailiff told Eric Castle, the agent, that the trial court was unavailable. The same motion also states, though, that Castle submitted the relevant documentation of Lovett’s incarceration at the hearing. We are constrained by the record before us, or rather, lack thereof. Licking County, Case No.15-CA-28 7
{¶23} Although we concluded in our discussion of the first assignment of error
that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to schedule a show-cause hearing, we
are not prepared to reach the merits of whether Castle should be released from the
bond on the record before us.
{¶24} Castle’s second assignment of error is thus overruled.
CONCLUSION
{¶25} Castle’s first assignment of error is sustained and its second assignment
of error is overruled as premature. The trial court’s judgment of March 30, 2015
entering judgment against Castle is reversed and this matter is remanded for a show
cause hearing.
By: Delaney, J. and
Hoffman, P.J.
Baldwin, J., concur.