[Cite as State v. Long, 2013-Ohio-251.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26441
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE DONANTONIO K. LONG COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. CR 11 12 3389 (A)
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 30, 2013
MOORE, Judge.
{¶1} DonAntonio K. Long appeals from the April 27, 2012 judgment of conviction of
the Summit County Court of Common Pleas. We reverse.
I.
{¶2} This matter stems from a shooting that took place in the early morning hours of
November 27, 2011. Antonio Grimes was shot in his right arm by an individual riding in the
passenger seat of a car outside of his sister’s apartment. Mr. Grimes’ sister, Dream Williams,
identified Mr. Long as the shooter. The Akron police arrested Mr. Long and searched his home
for evidence of the crime. During their search, the police found a blue tote in Mr. Long’s
bedroom closet containing a .22 caliber revolver and a .22 caliber pistol, with corresponding
ammunition, along with a box of ammunition for a .38 caliber handgun on the top shelf.
{¶3} The Summit County Grand Jury indicted Mr. Long on one count of felonious
assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1)/(2), with two firearm specifications, and one count of 2
having weapons while under disability in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2)/(3). The State later
supplemented its indictment to include another count of having weapons while under disability,
in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2)/(3). Mr. Long pleaded not guilty and the matter proceeded to
a jury trial. The jury found Mr. Long not guilty of felonious assault and the firearm
specifications, but found him guilty of two counts of having weapons while under disability.
The trial court sentenced Mr. Long to two years of incarceration on each count of having
weapons while under disability, to run consecutively, for a total of 4 years of incarceration.
{¶4} Mr. Long timely appealed, and raises one assignment of error for our
consideration.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING THAT [MR. LONG’S] TWO CONVICTIONS FOR HAVING WEAPONS WHILE UNDER DISABILITY WERE NOT ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT FOR THE PURPOSES OF SENTENCING.
{¶5} In his sole assignment of error, Mr. Long argues that the trial court erred in failing
to merge his two convictions for having weapons while under disability, as these offenses are
allied offenses of similar import. Specifically, Mr. Long argues that (1) he acquired the two guns
while under disability by the same conduct, and (2) he obtained the guns with a single state of
mind; to protect himself and his girlfriend from future harm.
{¶6} In response, the State argues that it was not possible for Mr. Long to commit both
offenses with the same conduct because he had two handguns in his possession; a revolver and a
pistol. Further, the State contends that Mr. Long could not possess the revolver by possessing
the pistol and vice-versa. 3
{¶7} In State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, ¶ 44, the Supreme
Court of Ohio held that, in determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of similar
import, “the conduct of the accused must be considered.” The court must first determine
“whether it is possible to commit one offense and commit the other with the same conduct,” and,
if so, then “the court must determine whether the offenses were committed by the same conduct,
i.e. ‘a single act, committed with a single state of mind.’” (Emphasis sic.) Id. at ¶ 48, 49,
quoting State v. Brown, 119 Ohio St. 447, 2008-Ohio-4569, ¶ 50 (Lanzinger, J., concurring). If
the same conduct constituted both offenses, then they must be merged. Johnson at ¶ 50. Failure
to merge allied offenses of similar import constitutes plain error, and prejudice exists even where
a defendant's sentences are to run concurrently because “a defendant is prejudiced by having
more convictions than are authorized by law.” State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 2010-
Ohio-1, ¶ 31. In this case, the trial court ran Mr. Long’s sentences consecutively.
{¶8} Mr. Long testified regarding his acquisition of the two guns as follows:
***
Q. Okay. You told Detective Mara you didn’t own any guns but you had two guns?
A. Yeah.
Q. What did you mean by that?
A. Because I didn’t actually purchase those guns. I had called a friend and asked him, you know, to be able to keep them there just in case, you know, if they’re accusing me of shooting this guy, I don’t really know—they know where I stay at. I can’t go nowhere [sic]. I’m on house arrest. I might sneak out an hour or two, but I can’t literally stay over at my friend’s or sister’s or something.
I was like, “This is going on, you know. I need a little help. Can you help?”
And he like, “Yeah, I got you.”
He brought over this bag. That stuff that you found in my room was in there. I was kind of preparing myself not to be killed. 4
However, at sentencing, the trial court determined that Mr. Long’s convictions for having
weapons while under disability were not allied offenses of similar import and should not merge.
The trial court stated:
I, on review, having heard the evidence find that the offenses are not of similar import. They were not, as your attorney argues, committed by the same act. You owned each or had in your possession each gun separately. Therefore, I think that each offense merits a separate sentence.
{¶9} As stated above, in determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of
similar import, “the conduct of the accused must be considered.” Johnson at ¶ 44. We note that,
post-Johnson, there has been an absence of case law analyzing whether multiple counts of
having weapons while under disability are allied offenses. However, pre-Johnson, this Court,
along with other Ohio Courts of Appeal, considered these offenses to be allied. In State v.
Thompson, 46 Ohio App.3d 157, 159 (9th Dist.1988), this Court stated:
In State v. Sharpe, we addressed this precise point of law. In Sharpe we held that the simultaneous possession of weapons by one under disability is but one offense. Also, we held that, assuming arguendo that possession of each weapon constituted a separate offense, the offenses would be allied offenses of similar import pursuant to R.C. 2941.25(A) and as such the defendant could be convicted of but one offense.
(Internal citations omitted.) Additionally, in State v. Creech, 188 Ohio App.3d 513, 2010-Ohio-
2553, ¶ 24, quoting State v. Pitts, 4th Dist. No. 99CA2675, 2000 WL 1678020, *13 (Nov. 6,
2000), the Fourth District Court of Appeals stated that “‘a defendant’s simultaneous possession
of several weapons in one location at one time is a continuous, indivisible act. Thus, the
simultaneous, undifferentiated possession of weapons by a person under a disability constitutes
only one offense and not separate offenses for each weapon.’” Although Johnson mandates that
this Court consider Mr. Long’s conduct in determining whether his offenses are allied, as we so
do, we also find guidance in Thompson and Creech. 5
{¶10} Here, in considering the first prong of Johnson and whether it was possible for
Mr. Long to commit both offenses with the same conduct, we look to Mr. Long’s testimony for
guidance. Mr.
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[Cite as State v. Long, 2013-Ohio-251.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26441
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE DONANTONIO K. LONG COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. CR 11 12 3389 (A)
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 30, 2013
MOORE, Judge.
{¶1} DonAntonio K. Long appeals from the April 27, 2012 judgment of conviction of
the Summit County Court of Common Pleas. We reverse.
I.
{¶2} This matter stems from a shooting that took place in the early morning hours of
November 27, 2011. Antonio Grimes was shot in his right arm by an individual riding in the
passenger seat of a car outside of his sister’s apartment. Mr. Grimes’ sister, Dream Williams,
identified Mr. Long as the shooter. The Akron police arrested Mr. Long and searched his home
for evidence of the crime. During their search, the police found a blue tote in Mr. Long’s
bedroom closet containing a .22 caliber revolver and a .22 caliber pistol, with corresponding
ammunition, along with a box of ammunition for a .38 caliber handgun on the top shelf.
{¶3} The Summit County Grand Jury indicted Mr. Long on one count of felonious
assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1)/(2), with two firearm specifications, and one count of 2
having weapons while under disability in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2)/(3). The State later
supplemented its indictment to include another count of having weapons while under disability,
in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2)/(3). Mr. Long pleaded not guilty and the matter proceeded to
a jury trial. The jury found Mr. Long not guilty of felonious assault and the firearm
specifications, but found him guilty of two counts of having weapons while under disability.
The trial court sentenced Mr. Long to two years of incarceration on each count of having
weapons while under disability, to run consecutively, for a total of 4 years of incarceration.
{¶4} Mr. Long timely appealed, and raises one assignment of error for our
consideration.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING THAT [MR. LONG’S] TWO CONVICTIONS FOR HAVING WEAPONS WHILE UNDER DISABILITY WERE NOT ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT FOR THE PURPOSES OF SENTENCING.
{¶5} In his sole assignment of error, Mr. Long argues that the trial court erred in failing
to merge his two convictions for having weapons while under disability, as these offenses are
allied offenses of similar import. Specifically, Mr. Long argues that (1) he acquired the two guns
while under disability by the same conduct, and (2) he obtained the guns with a single state of
mind; to protect himself and his girlfriend from future harm.
{¶6} In response, the State argues that it was not possible for Mr. Long to commit both
offenses with the same conduct because he had two handguns in his possession; a revolver and a
pistol. Further, the State contends that Mr. Long could not possess the revolver by possessing
the pistol and vice-versa. 3
{¶7} In State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, ¶ 44, the Supreme
Court of Ohio held that, in determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of similar
import, “the conduct of the accused must be considered.” The court must first determine
“whether it is possible to commit one offense and commit the other with the same conduct,” and,
if so, then “the court must determine whether the offenses were committed by the same conduct,
i.e. ‘a single act, committed with a single state of mind.’” (Emphasis sic.) Id. at ¶ 48, 49,
quoting State v. Brown, 119 Ohio St. 447, 2008-Ohio-4569, ¶ 50 (Lanzinger, J., concurring). If
the same conduct constituted both offenses, then they must be merged. Johnson at ¶ 50. Failure
to merge allied offenses of similar import constitutes plain error, and prejudice exists even where
a defendant's sentences are to run concurrently because “a defendant is prejudiced by having
more convictions than are authorized by law.” State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 2010-
Ohio-1, ¶ 31. In this case, the trial court ran Mr. Long’s sentences consecutively.
{¶8} Mr. Long testified regarding his acquisition of the two guns as follows:
***
Q. Okay. You told Detective Mara you didn’t own any guns but you had two guns?
A. Yeah.
Q. What did you mean by that?
A. Because I didn’t actually purchase those guns. I had called a friend and asked him, you know, to be able to keep them there just in case, you know, if they’re accusing me of shooting this guy, I don’t really know—they know where I stay at. I can’t go nowhere [sic]. I’m on house arrest. I might sneak out an hour or two, but I can’t literally stay over at my friend’s or sister’s or something.
I was like, “This is going on, you know. I need a little help. Can you help?”
And he like, “Yeah, I got you.”
He brought over this bag. That stuff that you found in my room was in there. I was kind of preparing myself not to be killed. 4
However, at sentencing, the trial court determined that Mr. Long’s convictions for having
weapons while under disability were not allied offenses of similar import and should not merge.
The trial court stated:
I, on review, having heard the evidence find that the offenses are not of similar import. They were not, as your attorney argues, committed by the same act. You owned each or had in your possession each gun separately. Therefore, I think that each offense merits a separate sentence.
{¶9} As stated above, in determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of
similar import, “the conduct of the accused must be considered.” Johnson at ¶ 44. We note that,
post-Johnson, there has been an absence of case law analyzing whether multiple counts of
having weapons while under disability are allied offenses. However, pre-Johnson, this Court,
along with other Ohio Courts of Appeal, considered these offenses to be allied. In State v.
Thompson, 46 Ohio App.3d 157, 159 (9th Dist.1988), this Court stated:
In State v. Sharpe, we addressed this precise point of law. In Sharpe we held that the simultaneous possession of weapons by one under disability is but one offense. Also, we held that, assuming arguendo that possession of each weapon constituted a separate offense, the offenses would be allied offenses of similar import pursuant to R.C. 2941.25(A) and as such the defendant could be convicted of but one offense.
(Internal citations omitted.) Additionally, in State v. Creech, 188 Ohio App.3d 513, 2010-Ohio-
2553, ¶ 24, quoting State v. Pitts, 4th Dist. No. 99CA2675, 2000 WL 1678020, *13 (Nov. 6,
2000), the Fourth District Court of Appeals stated that “‘a defendant’s simultaneous possession
of several weapons in one location at one time is a continuous, indivisible act. Thus, the
simultaneous, undifferentiated possession of weapons by a person under a disability constitutes
only one offense and not separate offenses for each weapon.’” Although Johnson mandates that
this Court consider Mr. Long’s conduct in determining whether his offenses are allied, as we so
do, we also find guidance in Thompson and Creech. 5
{¶10} Here, in considering the first prong of Johnson and whether it was possible for
Mr. Long to commit both offenses with the same conduct, we look to Mr. Long’s testimony for
guidance. Mr. Long testified that, upon learning of the Grimes shooting and the speculation that
he was involved, he called a friend and asked him to bring over some guns so that he would have
them for his protection. Additionally, Mr. Long testified that his friend delivered the guns in a
bag, which the police later found in his bedroom closet. The bag contained a revolver, pistol,
and ammunition.
{¶11} Based upon the record before us, and the pre-Johnson case law holding that the
possession of multiple weapons can constitute one continuous, indivisible act, we conclude that
it was possible for Mr. Long to commit both crimes, i.e. possession of two handguns, with the
same conduct; simultaneously taking possession of the two guns while under disability. See Pitt
at *13. As such, the first prong of Johnson is satisfied.
{¶12} Next, in considering the second prong of Johnson, whether Mr. Long actually
committed both offenses with a single state of mind, we again look to his testimony. The record
indicates that Mr. Long took possession of both guns in order to protect himself and his
girlfriend from any future retaliation associated with the Grimes shooting. He testified that both
he and his girlfriend had been shot in the past, and, in possessing the guns, he “was kind of
preparing [himself] not to be killed.” Also, the record indicates that both guns were found in the
same location: a bag inside of Mr. Long’s closet.
{¶13} Based upon the record before us, we conclude that Mr. Long actually committed
both offenses of having weapons while under disability with a single state of mind: self-
protection. Creech at ¶ 24. As such, the second prong of Johnson is satisfied. 6
{¶14} Therefore, because these offenses should have merged pursuant to Johnson, the
trial court erred in sentencing Mr. Long to four years of imprisonment on both of his convictions
for having weapons while under disability. This matter must be remanded to the trial court for
the State to elect which offense it wishes to proceed with at sentencing. See State v. Ziemba, 9th
Dist. No. 25886, 2012-Ohio-1717, ¶ 23.
{¶15} Mr. Long’s sole assignment of error is sustained.
III.
{¶16} The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is reversed and this
matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision.
Judgment reversed, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 7
Costs taxed to Appellee.
CARLA MOORE FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, J. BROGAN, J. CONCUR.
(Brogan, J., retired, of the Second District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment pursuant to §6(C), Article IV, Constitution.)
APPEARANCES:
THOMAS M. DICAUDO, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.