State v. Lanham

731 So. 2d 936, 1999 WL 174647
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedMarch 31, 1999
Docket31,791-KA
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 731 So. 2d 936 (State v. Lanham) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Lanham, 731 So. 2d 936, 1999 WL 174647 (La. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

731 So.2d 936 (1999)

STATE of Louisiana, Appellee,
v.
Brandon Reed LANHAM, Appellant.

No. 31,791-KA.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

March 31, 1999.

*938 Daryl Gold, Shreveport, Counsel for Appellant.

Richard Ieyoub, Attorney General, Paul J. Carmouche, District Attorney, B. Woodrow Nesbitt, Jr., Assistant District Attorney, Counsel for Appellee.

Before NORRIS, STEWART & PEATROSS, JJ.

PEATROSS, J.

On May 1, 1998, Defendant, Brandon Reed Lanham, was convicted of vehicular homicide by a jury in the First Judicial District Court, Parish of Caddo. On July 1, 1998, Defendant was sentenced to 15 years at hard labor. Defendant appeals his conviction asserting the following five *939 assignments of error: (1) the trial court erred in excluding certain pretrial statements made by Defendant; (2) the trial court erred in admitting demonstrative evidence (a video depicting how the accident occurred) offered by the State; (3) the trial court erred in failing to grant a mistrial following the closing argument of the prosecutor; (4) the trial court erred in charging the jury on flight; and (5) the trial court erred in failing to grant Defendant's two motions for new trial. As a preliminary matter, we note that Defendant failed to brief his fourth assignment of error regarding the jury charge; and, therefore, it is considered abandoned on appeal. See State v. Schwartz, 354 So.2d 1332 (La.1978). For the reasons discussed herein, we find the remaining assignments or error without merit and, therefore, affirm Defendant's conviction.

FACTS

On April 1, 1995, at approximately 2:45 a.m., a two-vehicle accident occurred at the intersection of Fern Street and Ockley Drive in Shreveport. The driver of a Toyota pickup truck, Howard Clinton Belcher, was heading in an easterly direction on Ockley Drive when the left front corner of his vehicle was struck by a Toyota Supra driven by Defendant. As a result of the impact, Mr. Belcher was thrown from his truck, landing in a residential yard on the southeast corner of the intersection. He was pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. At the scene, Defendant was administered a field sobriety test and was subsequently arrested for driving while intoxicated ("DWI") and transported to the city jail.

At trial, the evidence focused on the blood alcohol level in Defendant's blood stream and the speed of his vehicle at the time of the accident. Defendant's blood alcohol level at 3:45 a.m., one hour after the accident, was .185 percent. In Louisiana, a blood alcohol level of .10 represents the point of legal intoxication that will support a charge of DWI. The evidence also established that Defendant was traveling in excess of the posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour; his speed was estimated by three of four experts at approximately 60 miles per hour. All parties agreed that Mr. Belcher was traveling approximately 15 miles per hour.

DISCUSSION

Assignment of Error No. 1: Exclusion of pretrial statements made to police

On the morning of opening statements, April 28, 1998, the State filed a motion in limine to exclude the introduction of or reference to all or portions of two statements Defendant gave to the police after he had been taken into custody. At approximately 3:45 a.m., just prior to being administered the Intoxilyzer, Defendant gave a statement in which he discussed details of the accident. In pertinent part, Defendant stated:

Officer Pierce: Can you tell me how the accident occurred?
Defendant: I ran across the other lane and hit him, head on.
Officer Pierce: And what street were you on?
Defendant: Fern.
Officer Pierce: What do you mean, you ran across the center line or what?
Defendant: No, sir.
Officer Pierce: How did you hit that truck?
Defendant: It came across, sir.
Officer Pierce: It came across the intersection.
Defendant: They did.
Officer Pierce: They did. O.K. What color light did you have when you went through that intersection?
Defendant: Green, sir.
Officer Pierce: Green, sir. What direction was that truck coming from? As you're coming down the road was he coming from your left, your right, at you or what?
Defendant: Straight on, sir.
*940 Officer Pierce: Straight at you?
Defendant: Straight on, sir.
Officer Pierce: O.K. So, you're telling me that the truck crossed over the center lane and hit you, or what?
Defendant: He was on the same side that I was.
Officer Pierce: He was on the same side that you were.
Defendant: Well, we both crossed. He was on the center ... I was on the center, he hit me ... we were both going green.

At 4:56 a.m., Defendant was again interviewed and informed that he was being arrested for vehicular homicide. The pertinent part of this statement is as follows:

Defendant: He died? He hit me and he died?
Officer Clary: O.K. Do you understand?
Defendant: I'm just asking. Ya'll said he hit me.
Officer Clary: I haven't said anything.
Defendant: No, he hit me on the passenger side of my car. My passenger side of my car is completely trashed.
* * *
Defendant: He died, dude. Was there anybody else in the car, man? He was the only person? Did he hit me in the side of the car then he died, man? Why did he do that, dude? Oh, my God, man.

Defendant claims that the above statements are res gestae, inculpatory statements and, as such, are admissible under an exception to the hearsay rule. Defendant further argues that, by denying him the right to use these statements at trial, he was prevented from presenting a defense in violation of the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The State argued, and the trial court found, that the statements were self-serving, exculpatory statements and, therefore, were inadmissible hearsay. We agree.

There can be no question that Defendant's statements quoted above are hearsay, and Defendant does not argue to the contrary. Defendant, rather, asserts that the two statements are part of an entire statement that is more inculpatory than exculpatory and, therefore, should not have been excluded by the trial court. We fail to see, and Defendant has failed to explain, how either of these statements is anything other than exculpatory; Defendant clearly states that he had a green light and that Mr. Belcher hit him. This point is particularly important in light of the proffered defense that Mr. Belcher caused or was a contributing cause to the accident.

Defendant's reliance on State v. Freeman, 521 So.2d 783 (La.App. 2d Cir.1988), writ denied, 538 So.2d 586 (La.1989) is misplaced. Freeman clearly states that a "defendant may not introduce his own self-serving exculpatory statements because they are hearsay." Likewise, in State v. Thomas, 604 So.2d 52 (La.App. 5th Cir.1992), the fifth circuit addressed this issue when the defendant in that case sought to have admitted the entirety of a statement made by him to a police officer following an automobile accident. The defendant in

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
731 So. 2d 936, 1999 WL 174647, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-lanham-lactapp-1999.