No. 02-122
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2002 MT 231N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
CHRISTOPHER LAMB,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District, In and for the County of Cascade, The Honorable Thomas M. McKittrick, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Kelli S. Sather, Deputy Public Defender, Missoula, Montana; Eric Olson, Chief Public Defender, Great Falls, Montana
For Respondent:
Mike McGrath, Montana Attorney General, Jennifer Anders, Assistant Montana Attorney General, Helena, Montana; Brant Light, Cascade County Attorney, Great Falls, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 12, 2002
Decided: October 15, 2002 Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice James C. Nelson delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent but shall be filed as a
public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be reported by case title,
Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter Publishing Company and to
West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.
¶2 Christopher Lamb (Lamb), by counsel, appeals from the District Court’s Dispositional Order
entered on December 14, 2001. 1 This Dispositional Order reflected the court’s determination that
Lamb violated the conditions of his probation, with the result that Lamb’s previous five-year
suspended sentence was revoked and he was sentenced to the Department of Corrections for five
years for the crime of felony theft, subject to all conditions set forth in his previous sentence. We
affirm.
¶3 Lamb was charged with felony theft in Cascade County District Court on January 20, 1998.
He pled guilty to this offense pursuant to a plea agreement and was committed to the Department of
Corrections for five years, suspended, with conditions, on March 4, 1999.
¶4 The State petitioned to revoke Lamb’s suspended sentence in April 1999, based on the
1 The record reflects on or about January 5, 2002, the District Court amended its Dispositional Order on Lamb’s motion to reflect his entitlement to 931 days credit for time served prior to the hearing on the Dispositional Order, December 3, 2001. This amendment is not at issue.
2 probation officer’s report of violation. At the revocation hearing held on September 17, 1999, Lamb
having answered true to some of the alleged probation violations, the court revoked his five-year
suspended sentence and committed him to the Department of Corrections for five years subject to
the same conditions it had previously imposed.
¶5 In April 2001, we handed down our decision in State v. Giddings, 2001 MT 76, 305 Mont.
74, 29 P.3d 475. The effect of our decision was to render void probation revocation proceedings
where, as in Lamb’s case, a probation officer had brought the defendant into custody on a bench
warrant and where no probable cause hearing was held within 36 hours of arrest, as then required by
§ 46-23-1012, MCA (1999).
¶6 By reason of this decision, Lamb filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus requesting the
benefit of the Giddings decision. In response thereto, and in accordance with our decision in State v.
Goebel, 2001 MT 155, 306 Mont. 83, 31 P.3d 340, the Cascade County Attorney renewed his
petition to revoke Lamb’s suspended sentence. Based on Goebel, the District Court issued a bench
warrant on August 27, 2001, along with an order authorizing the Department of Corrections to hold
Lamb without bond in the Montana State Prison pending further order of the court. In the meantime,
we granted Lamb’s request for habeas corpus relief and ordered that he be released from custody
with respect to the original Cascade County Cause, No. ADC-98-022.
¶7 Lamb was subsequently transferred to Cascade County for the re-revocation proceeding. On
the basis of his denial of the various probation violations, the court set a dispositional hearing,
appointed counsel and set bail. As a result of a reduction in bail, Lamb was released from custody
on October 10, 2001. At the dispositional hearing on December 3, 2001, Lamb’s probation officer
testified, as did Lamb and his work supervisor. Based on the testimony, the trial court concluded
3 that Lamb had violated his probation and, again, revoked his suspended sentence.
¶8 On appeal Lamb argues that his United States and Montana constitutional rights were
violated when he was held on a no-bond probationary hold for longer than 72 hours. Lamb contends
that § 46-23-1012(3), MCA (2001), requires that a probationer held under the authorization of a
probation officer has to either be released, have an intervention hearing, or have arrangements made
to appear before a judge to set bail within 72 hours of his detention. Lamb contends that since this
was not done, his rights were violated and the re-revocation of his suspended sentence should be
reversed as being illegal.
¶9 The State argues that Lamb did not raise this argument in the court below. Indeed, the record
reflects that at the dispositional hearing, Lamb’s counsel argued his client’s honesty in admitting his
past mistakes; his client’s motivation in completing various rehabilitative programs and good
conduct in prison; his client’s express willingness to get involved in programs within the
community; and his client’s various efforts to reform his conduct. At no time did Lamb raise the
issue of an alleged violation of § 46-23-1012(3), MCA (2001), that he does now.
¶10 It is well settled that we will not consider issues raised for the first time on appeal when the
appellant had opportunity to make objection at the trial level. State v. Peterson, 2002 MT 65, ¶ 21,
309 Mont. 199, ¶ 21, 44 P.3d 499, ¶ 21 (citing State v. Weeks (1995), 270 Mont. 63, 85, 891 P.2d
477, 490-91). Failure to object in the trial court proceedings constitutes a waiver of the objection, §
46-20-104, MCA, unless the circumstances come within one of the exceptions, § 46-20-701(2),
MCA. None of those exceptions are present, nor does Lamb so argue. Accordingly, the State’s
waiver argument has facial merit.
¶11 That said, Lamb contends that his re-revocation was "illegal" because of the trial court’s
4 alleged error in failing to comply with § 46-23-1012(3), MCA. Accepting that claim, arguendo, we
also adhere to the rule that we will review any sentence imposed in a criminal case 2 if it is alleged
that such sentence is illegal or exceeds statutory mandates, even if no objection is made at the time
of sentencing. State v. Brister, 2002 MT 13, ¶ 16, 308 Mont. 154, ¶ 16, 41 P.3d 314, ¶ 16.
¶12 However, if we review Lamb’s argument on its merits, his argument still fails. In Gonzales
v. Mahoney, 2001 MT 259, 307 Mont. 228, 37 P.3d 653, the probationer argued that his detention on
a probation re-revocation warrant violated his constitutional guarantee against double jeopardy and
that the proceeding was invalid because the requirements of § 46-23-1012(3), MCA, were not
followed. Gonzales, ¶ 4. As in Lamb’s case, the re-revocation proceeding in Gonzales commenced
with the filing of a formal petition to revoke, and the issuance of a bench warrant for Gonzales’
arrest. Gonzales, ¶ 3.
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No. 02-122
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2002 MT 231N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
CHRISTOPHER LAMB,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District, In and for the County of Cascade, The Honorable Thomas M. McKittrick, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Kelli S. Sather, Deputy Public Defender, Missoula, Montana; Eric Olson, Chief Public Defender, Great Falls, Montana
For Respondent:
Mike McGrath, Montana Attorney General, Jennifer Anders, Assistant Montana Attorney General, Helena, Montana; Brant Light, Cascade County Attorney, Great Falls, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 12, 2002
Decided: October 15, 2002 Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice James C. Nelson delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent but shall be filed as a
public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be reported by case title,
Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter Publishing Company and to
West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.
¶2 Christopher Lamb (Lamb), by counsel, appeals from the District Court’s Dispositional Order
entered on December 14, 2001. 1 This Dispositional Order reflected the court’s determination that
Lamb violated the conditions of his probation, with the result that Lamb’s previous five-year
suspended sentence was revoked and he was sentenced to the Department of Corrections for five
years for the crime of felony theft, subject to all conditions set forth in his previous sentence. We
affirm.
¶3 Lamb was charged with felony theft in Cascade County District Court on January 20, 1998.
He pled guilty to this offense pursuant to a plea agreement and was committed to the Department of
Corrections for five years, suspended, with conditions, on March 4, 1999.
¶4 The State petitioned to revoke Lamb’s suspended sentence in April 1999, based on the
1 The record reflects on or about January 5, 2002, the District Court amended its Dispositional Order on Lamb’s motion to reflect his entitlement to 931 days credit for time served prior to the hearing on the Dispositional Order, December 3, 2001. This amendment is not at issue.
2 probation officer’s report of violation. At the revocation hearing held on September 17, 1999, Lamb
having answered true to some of the alleged probation violations, the court revoked his five-year
suspended sentence and committed him to the Department of Corrections for five years subject to
the same conditions it had previously imposed.
¶5 In April 2001, we handed down our decision in State v. Giddings, 2001 MT 76, 305 Mont.
74, 29 P.3d 475. The effect of our decision was to render void probation revocation proceedings
where, as in Lamb’s case, a probation officer had brought the defendant into custody on a bench
warrant and where no probable cause hearing was held within 36 hours of arrest, as then required by
§ 46-23-1012, MCA (1999).
¶6 By reason of this decision, Lamb filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus requesting the
benefit of the Giddings decision. In response thereto, and in accordance with our decision in State v.
Goebel, 2001 MT 155, 306 Mont. 83, 31 P.3d 340, the Cascade County Attorney renewed his
petition to revoke Lamb’s suspended sentence. Based on Goebel, the District Court issued a bench
warrant on August 27, 2001, along with an order authorizing the Department of Corrections to hold
Lamb without bond in the Montana State Prison pending further order of the court. In the meantime,
we granted Lamb’s request for habeas corpus relief and ordered that he be released from custody
with respect to the original Cascade County Cause, No. ADC-98-022.
¶7 Lamb was subsequently transferred to Cascade County for the re-revocation proceeding. On
the basis of his denial of the various probation violations, the court set a dispositional hearing,
appointed counsel and set bail. As a result of a reduction in bail, Lamb was released from custody
on October 10, 2001. At the dispositional hearing on December 3, 2001, Lamb’s probation officer
testified, as did Lamb and his work supervisor. Based on the testimony, the trial court concluded
3 that Lamb had violated his probation and, again, revoked his suspended sentence.
¶8 On appeal Lamb argues that his United States and Montana constitutional rights were
violated when he was held on a no-bond probationary hold for longer than 72 hours. Lamb contends
that § 46-23-1012(3), MCA (2001), requires that a probationer held under the authorization of a
probation officer has to either be released, have an intervention hearing, or have arrangements made
to appear before a judge to set bail within 72 hours of his detention. Lamb contends that since this
was not done, his rights were violated and the re-revocation of his suspended sentence should be
reversed as being illegal.
¶9 The State argues that Lamb did not raise this argument in the court below. Indeed, the record
reflects that at the dispositional hearing, Lamb’s counsel argued his client’s honesty in admitting his
past mistakes; his client’s motivation in completing various rehabilitative programs and good
conduct in prison; his client’s express willingness to get involved in programs within the
community; and his client’s various efforts to reform his conduct. At no time did Lamb raise the
issue of an alleged violation of § 46-23-1012(3), MCA (2001), that he does now.
¶10 It is well settled that we will not consider issues raised for the first time on appeal when the
appellant had opportunity to make objection at the trial level. State v. Peterson, 2002 MT 65, ¶ 21,
309 Mont. 199, ¶ 21, 44 P.3d 499, ¶ 21 (citing State v. Weeks (1995), 270 Mont. 63, 85, 891 P.2d
477, 490-91). Failure to object in the trial court proceedings constitutes a waiver of the objection, §
46-20-104, MCA, unless the circumstances come within one of the exceptions, § 46-20-701(2),
MCA. None of those exceptions are present, nor does Lamb so argue. Accordingly, the State’s
waiver argument has facial merit.
¶11 That said, Lamb contends that his re-revocation was "illegal" because of the trial court’s
4 alleged error in failing to comply with § 46-23-1012(3), MCA. Accepting that claim, arguendo, we
also adhere to the rule that we will review any sentence imposed in a criminal case 2 if it is alleged
that such sentence is illegal or exceeds statutory mandates, even if no objection is made at the time
of sentencing. State v. Brister, 2002 MT 13, ¶ 16, 308 Mont. 154, ¶ 16, 41 P.3d 314, ¶ 16.
¶12 However, if we review Lamb’s argument on its merits, his argument still fails. In Gonzales
v. Mahoney, 2001 MT 259, 307 Mont. 228, 37 P.3d 653, the probationer argued that his detention on
a probation re-revocation warrant violated his constitutional guarantee against double jeopardy and
that the proceeding was invalid because the requirements of § 46-23-1012(3), MCA, were not
followed. Gonzales, ¶ 4. As in Lamb’s case, the re-revocation proceeding in Gonzales commenced
with the filing of a formal petition to revoke, and the issuance of a bench warrant for Gonzales’
arrest. Gonzales, ¶ 3.
¶13 Rejecting Gonzales’ double jeopardy argument, we observed that § 46-23-1012, MCA,
contemplates dual revocation proceedings and that a formal proceeding initiated pursuant to § 46-23-
1012(1), MCA, and § 46-18-203, MCA, is not subject to the time and procedural requirements set
forth in § 46-23-1012(3), (4) and (5), MCA. Gonzales, ¶ 11.
¶14 In the instant case, Lamb was arrested on a bench warrant issued by Judge McKittrick on
August 27, 2001, the same day that the petition for re-revocation was filed. The warrant was
2 While choosing to reach the merits of Lamb’s argument, we also acknowledge our case law that states that probation revocation proceedings do not involve criminal adjudications or impose punishment for any new offense. State v. Oppelt (1979), 184 Mont. 48, 53-54, 601 P.2d 394, 397-98.
5 accompanied by an order authorizing the Department of Corrections to retain custody of Lamb
pursuant to the warrant and to hold him without bond until further order of the court.
¶15 Importantly, Lamb was not arrested by his probation officer pursuant to § 46-23-1012(3),
MCA, but rather, was detained under the formal proceedings outlined in § 46-23-1012(1), MCA, and
§ 46-18-203, MCA. Accordingly, Lamb’s argument fails for the same reason that Gonzales’ did.
The dispositional proceeding and the District Court’s re-revocation of Lamb’s probation was neither
illegal nor void under the governing statutes.
¶16 Accordingly, the District Court is affirmed.
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON We Concur:
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY /S/ PATRICIA COTTER /S/ JIM REGNIER /S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART