[Cite as State v. Kongkeo, 2012-Ohio-356.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 96691
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
AMPHA KONGKEO
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-472076
BEFORE: Stewart, P.J., Celebrezze, J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 2, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Philip Eichorn Philip Eichorn Co., LPA 1370 W. 6th Street, Suite 202 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Kristen L. Sobieski Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, OH 44113
MELODY J. STEWART, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Ampha Kongkeo pleaded guilty to first degree
misdemeanor counts of receiving stolen property and theft. Kongkeo, who is not a
United States citizen (she was granted refugee status in 1989 and permanent residency in
1992), was advised at the time of the plea that “pleading guilty may have the
consequences of deportation or denial of naturalization to the laws of the United States.”
She did not appeal from her conviction. More than two years later, after deportation
proceedings were commenced against her, she filed a motion to withdraw her guilty plea
on grounds that trial counsel “did not address her citizenship status with the Court” nor did trial counsel “properly inform Defendant about the immigration consequences or refer
to an immigration attorney.” The court denied the motion to withdraw the guilty plea
without a hearing. Kongkeo complains that the court erred by denying the motion to
withdraw the guilty plea without first conducting a hearing and more fully developing the
record.
{¶ 2} A post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is governed by the
“manifest injustice” standard. See Crim.R. 32.1. A manifest injustice has been defined
as a “clear or openly unjust act,” State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203,
208, 1998-Ohio-271, 699 N.E.2d 83, meaning that a post-sentence withdrawal motion to
withdraw a guilty plea is allowable only in extraordinary cases. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio
St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). Because the decision of whether an injustice
exists requires an examination of the underlying facts asserted in the motion, we review a
trial court’s refusal to allow a post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea for an abuse
of discretion. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992); State v.
Bankston, 8th Dist. No. 92777, 2010-Ohio-1576, 2010 WL 1386380, ¶ 50.
{¶ 3} Although a hearing is generally required for pre-sentence motions to
withdraw guilty pleas, post-sentence motions to withdraw guilty pleas are treated
differently. This is because the courts presume that guilty or no contest pleas are
voluntarily entered in compliance with Crim.R. 11. See State v. Hall, 8th Dist. No.
55289, 1989 WL 42253 (Apr. 27, 1989). The movant thus has the burden of showing
why the plea was infirm, a burden that requires “a prima facie showing of merit before the trial court need devote considerable time to it.” Id.; State v. Wittine, 8th Dist. No.
90747, 2008-Ohio-5745, 2008 WL 4813830, ¶ 9. Hence, “[a] hearing must only be held
if the facts alleged by the defendant, accepted as true, would require that the defendant be
allowed to withdraw the plea.” State v. Barrett, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-375,
2011-Ohio-4986, 2011 WL 4489169, ¶ 9, citing State v. Williams, 10th Dist. No.
03AP-1214, 2004-Ohio-6123, 2004 WL 2616430, ¶ 6.
{¶ 4} Kongkeo filed an affidavit in support of her motion to withdraw the guilty
plea, stating that she and her attorney “never spoke about the consequences of a plea
bargain.” We have held that a trial judge need not take an affidavit at face value but
may, in the exercise of discretion, judge the credibility of an affidavit submitted in
support of a motion to withdraw a plea in determining whether to accept the affidavit as
true statements of fact. State v. Mays, 174 Ohio App.3d 681, 2008-Ohio-128, 884
N.E.2d 607 (8th Dist.), ¶ 14. This is all the more true when “the only evidence provided
consists of affidavits from interested parties which conflict with the facts elicited at the
plea hearing.” State v. Yearby, 8th Dist. No. 79000, 2002 WL 120530 (Jan. 24, 2002).
{¶ 5} Kongkeo’s affidavit was contradicted by the record of the plea proceedings.
During the July 14, 2008 proceedings before the court in which she intially sought to
enter a guilty plea, Kongkeo personally informed the court that she was not a United
States citizen. This prompted the court to advise her that “the conviction of the offense
to which you are pleading guilty may have the consequences of deportation, exclusion
from admission to the United States, and denial on the [sic] naturalization pursuant to the laws of the United States.” In response to the court’s advisement, defense counsel stated,
“[i]t’s a problem.” The court then asked whether Kongkeo might be placed back into the
court’s diversion program (Kongkeo entered the diversion program in 2006, but was
removed from the program due to her failure to make full restitution to the victim). The
court then reset the plea proceedings.
{¶ 6} The court convened on July 29, 2008 to take Kongkeo’s guilty plea.
Defense counsel advised the court that Kongkeo was not a United States citizen. The
court acknowledged its understanding of that fact and again advised Kongkeo that her
guilty plea “may have the consequences of deportation or denial of naturalization to the
laws of the United States.” Kongkeo stated that she understood there might be
immigration and naturalization consequences to her guilty plea and then proceded to enter
the plea.
{¶ 7} While the record does not specifically show that defense counsel and
Kongkeo conferred on deportation as a possible consequence of the guilty plea, the
conclusion that they did seems inescapable. It would be irrational to find that defense
counsel did not discuss the possibility of deportation with Kongkeo after the court
recessed in response to defense counsel’s assertion that Kongkeo’s alienage was “a
problem.” Defense counsel is presumed competent, Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 669, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and it is beyond conception that
defense counsel would not have further advised Kongkeo about the consequences of her
plea at that stage of the proceedings, particularly when the court appeared to recess for that purpose. Our conclusion is reinforced by Kongkeo’s statement, made during the
second plea hearing, that she understood her guilty plea might have consequences for her
continued residency in the United States. On the record before us, the court could
rationally have concluded that Kongkeo’s affidavit was so self-serving and contrary to the
record that it lacked any credibility.
{¶ 8} Kongkeo cites to the United States Supreme Court decision in Padilla v.
Kentucky, 559 U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 (2010), as authority for the
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[Cite as State v. Kongkeo, 2012-Ohio-356.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 96691
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
AMPHA KONGKEO
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-472076
BEFORE: Stewart, P.J., Celebrezze, J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 2, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Philip Eichorn Philip Eichorn Co., LPA 1370 W. 6th Street, Suite 202 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Kristen L. Sobieski Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, OH 44113
MELODY J. STEWART, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Ampha Kongkeo pleaded guilty to first degree
misdemeanor counts of receiving stolen property and theft. Kongkeo, who is not a
United States citizen (she was granted refugee status in 1989 and permanent residency in
1992), was advised at the time of the plea that “pleading guilty may have the
consequences of deportation or denial of naturalization to the laws of the United States.”
She did not appeal from her conviction. More than two years later, after deportation
proceedings were commenced against her, she filed a motion to withdraw her guilty plea
on grounds that trial counsel “did not address her citizenship status with the Court” nor did trial counsel “properly inform Defendant about the immigration consequences or refer
to an immigration attorney.” The court denied the motion to withdraw the guilty plea
without a hearing. Kongkeo complains that the court erred by denying the motion to
withdraw the guilty plea without first conducting a hearing and more fully developing the
record.
{¶ 2} A post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea is governed by the
“manifest injustice” standard. See Crim.R. 32.1. A manifest injustice has been defined
as a “clear or openly unjust act,” State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio St.3d 203,
208, 1998-Ohio-271, 699 N.E.2d 83, meaning that a post-sentence withdrawal motion to
withdraw a guilty plea is allowable only in extraordinary cases. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio
St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977). Because the decision of whether an injustice
exists requires an examination of the underlying facts asserted in the motion, we review a
trial court’s refusal to allow a post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea for an abuse
of discretion. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992); State v.
Bankston, 8th Dist. No. 92777, 2010-Ohio-1576, 2010 WL 1386380, ¶ 50.
{¶ 3} Although a hearing is generally required for pre-sentence motions to
withdraw guilty pleas, post-sentence motions to withdraw guilty pleas are treated
differently. This is because the courts presume that guilty or no contest pleas are
voluntarily entered in compliance with Crim.R. 11. See State v. Hall, 8th Dist. No.
55289, 1989 WL 42253 (Apr. 27, 1989). The movant thus has the burden of showing
why the plea was infirm, a burden that requires “a prima facie showing of merit before the trial court need devote considerable time to it.” Id.; State v. Wittine, 8th Dist. No.
90747, 2008-Ohio-5745, 2008 WL 4813830, ¶ 9. Hence, “[a] hearing must only be held
if the facts alleged by the defendant, accepted as true, would require that the defendant be
allowed to withdraw the plea.” State v. Barrett, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-375,
2011-Ohio-4986, 2011 WL 4489169, ¶ 9, citing State v. Williams, 10th Dist. No.
03AP-1214, 2004-Ohio-6123, 2004 WL 2616430, ¶ 6.
{¶ 4} Kongkeo filed an affidavit in support of her motion to withdraw the guilty
plea, stating that she and her attorney “never spoke about the consequences of a plea
bargain.” We have held that a trial judge need not take an affidavit at face value but
may, in the exercise of discretion, judge the credibility of an affidavit submitted in
support of a motion to withdraw a plea in determining whether to accept the affidavit as
true statements of fact. State v. Mays, 174 Ohio App.3d 681, 2008-Ohio-128, 884
N.E.2d 607 (8th Dist.), ¶ 14. This is all the more true when “the only evidence provided
consists of affidavits from interested parties which conflict with the facts elicited at the
plea hearing.” State v. Yearby, 8th Dist. No. 79000, 2002 WL 120530 (Jan. 24, 2002).
{¶ 5} Kongkeo’s affidavit was contradicted by the record of the plea proceedings.
During the July 14, 2008 proceedings before the court in which she intially sought to
enter a guilty plea, Kongkeo personally informed the court that she was not a United
States citizen. This prompted the court to advise her that “the conviction of the offense
to which you are pleading guilty may have the consequences of deportation, exclusion
from admission to the United States, and denial on the [sic] naturalization pursuant to the laws of the United States.” In response to the court’s advisement, defense counsel stated,
“[i]t’s a problem.” The court then asked whether Kongkeo might be placed back into the
court’s diversion program (Kongkeo entered the diversion program in 2006, but was
removed from the program due to her failure to make full restitution to the victim). The
court then reset the plea proceedings.
{¶ 6} The court convened on July 29, 2008 to take Kongkeo’s guilty plea.
Defense counsel advised the court that Kongkeo was not a United States citizen. The
court acknowledged its understanding of that fact and again advised Kongkeo that her
guilty plea “may have the consequences of deportation or denial of naturalization to the
laws of the United States.” Kongkeo stated that she understood there might be
immigration and naturalization consequences to her guilty plea and then proceded to enter
the plea.
{¶ 7} While the record does not specifically show that defense counsel and
Kongkeo conferred on deportation as a possible consequence of the guilty plea, the
conclusion that they did seems inescapable. It would be irrational to find that defense
counsel did not discuss the possibility of deportation with Kongkeo after the court
recessed in response to defense counsel’s assertion that Kongkeo’s alienage was “a
problem.” Defense counsel is presumed competent, Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 669, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and it is beyond conception that
defense counsel would not have further advised Kongkeo about the consequences of her
plea at that stage of the proceedings, particularly when the court appeared to recess for that purpose. Our conclusion is reinforced by Kongkeo’s statement, made during the
second plea hearing, that she understood her guilty plea might have consequences for her
continued residency in the United States. On the record before us, the court could
rationally have concluded that Kongkeo’s affidavit was so self-serving and contrary to the
record that it lacked any credibility.
{¶ 8} Kongkeo cites to the United States Supreme Court decision in Padilla v.
Kentucky, 559 U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 (2010), as authority for the
proposition that an attorney renders ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to advise a
defendant that a guilty plea may subject the defendant to automatic deportation. Padilla
has no application here because that case involved a defense attorney who gave Padilla
“false assurance that his conviction would not result in his removal from this country.”
Id., 559 U.S. at ___, 130 S.Ct. at 1483. Even if Kongkeo’s affidavit was accepted at face
value, it only shows that defense counsel did not discuss the residency consequences of
the plea, not that defense counsel assured Kongkeo that she would not be deported if
convicted.
{¶ 9} Having been twice informed by the court that her guilty plea might lead to
deportation, Kongkeo cannot colorably argue that her guilty plea was the product of a
manifest injustice by virtue of defense counsel’s failure to advise her that she could be
deported as a consequence of her plea. It follows that the motion to withdraw the guilty
plea failed to set forth a prima facie case entitling her to relief, so the court did not abuse
its discretion by denying the motion without first conducting a hearing. Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution. A certified
copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of
Appellate Procedure.
MELODY J. STEWART, PRESIDING JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., and KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR