Shebwood, J.
The legal basis of this prosecution is the following statute:
“Section 1. If any person over the age of sixteen years shall have carnal knowledge of any unmarried female, of previously chaste character, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years of age, he shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two years, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor • more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than one month or more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the ■court. .
“Approved April 8, 1895.” Laws 1895, p. 149.
The basis of fact is furnished by the statement of the Attorney-General (which on comparison with the record is found to be correct and therefore adopted), to wit:
The prosecuting witness, Katie Lee Holmes, lived with her parents at Jerseyville, in the State of Illinois. She was born on the fifteenth day of May, 1879, and was therefore sixteen years of. age at the time the offense was committed upon her. In the latter part of the autumn of 1894 she visited her uncle, the defendant, James Knock, in.Kansas City, Jackson county, Missouri. She again visited him and his1 family in the «ame city during'the months of October, November [520]*520and December, 1895. It was while she was upon this last visit that the crime was committed. Defendant-lived with his wife in a two-story store building, on the corner of Thirtieth and "Wyandotte streets, in Kansas City. On the night of the seventh of October, of the year in question, the defendant’s wife left home to visit her sister in Jerseyville, Illinois. Defendant and the prosecuting witness went with her to the railroad station, and after the train had departed, returned to his home, arriving there about 9 o’clock, p. m. About 10 o’clock Miss Holmes retired, occupying the same room she was accustomed to occupy when her aunt was at home. There was no other person in the house save defendant. The defendant occupied a room separate and apart from that in which Miss Holmes slept. The sleeping apartments to which they had respectively retired were on the second floor of the building. After the young lady had gone to sleep she was aroused by the presence of the defendant, who was attempting to get on top of her. He grabbed her hands and held them over her mouth to prevent her screaming. With his knees he forced her legs apart and had sexual intercourse with her. Again, on Thanksgiving day, in November, 1895, defendant had killed a turkey and the blood had “splashed” all over the young woman’s dress. She went upstairs for the purpose of changing her clothing, and while there commenced combing her hair. Defendant entered the room where she was and told her if she screamed he would kill her. His wife was down stairs getting-dinner. He pushed her over on the bed, pulled up her clothing, and using his knees to separate her legs as before, had sexual intercourse with her. She suffered great pain and became very sick. After defendant had accomplished his purpose he told her to “hurry up and go down stairs.”
[521]*521On the morning of the seventh day of December, 3895, defendant went into the room in which she was sleeping and again had sexual intercourse with her, under similar circumstances and in about the same manner as the first time. The act was repeated on the 'morning of the fourteenth and twenty-first days of December, 1895. Upon each occurrence he cautioned her to say nothing about it, threatening and telling her it would go as hard with one as the other. He also told her that if she told anyone he would tell that she was of bad character. She frequently told him she was going home, but he would not agree to it and as she was without any money she could not leave. However, after the last intercourse was had, she wrote to .her mother for money to return home, and on the thirtieth day of December left the residence of the defendant for Jerseyville, Illinois- As a result of the criminal connection by defendant with the prosecuting witness, she became pregnant, and on the eighteenth day of August, 1896, at Pacific, Missouri, gave birth to a male child. The prosecuting witness stated that she had never been married; that she had never had intercourse with any person other than defendant, and that he was the father of the child born to her at Pacific, Missouri.
■Evidence was also 'introduced showing that the prosecutrix was possessed of an untarnished character for chastity and virtue in Jerseyville, Illinois. It was attempted to besmirch her character as to the brief period she stopped in Kansas City, but if such evidence were true it does not appear when such reputation was acquired, whether before or after the perpetration of the crime with which defendant is charged. Defendant denied the perpetration of the offense. But it was testified to that he had asked a question which indicated an anxiety on his part whether anything could [522]*522be done with a man for committing fornication with a girl who was under the age of eighteen years, where there was no other testimony but the girl’s against him. Being tried, defendant was found guilty and his punishment assessed at two years in the penitentiary.
I. The indictment is in usual and approved form (State v. Burries, 126 Mo. 565), and consists of twocounts, the second of which is as follows:
“And the grand jurors aforesaid, on their oath aforesaid, do further say and present that James H. Knock, late of the county aforesaid, on the 30th day of November, 1895, at the county of Jackson, State aforesaid, in and upon one Katie Lee Holmes, unlawfully and feloniously did make an assault, and her, the said Katie Lee Holmes, then and there unlawfully and feloniously did carnally know and abuse, he, the said James H. Knock, being then and there a person over the age of sixteen years, and she the said Katie Lee Holmes, being then and there an unmarried female of previously chaste character, between the ages of 14 and 18 years of age, to wit, of the age of 16 years, against the peace and dignity of the State.”
On the latter count the State elected to proceed. This count does not charge two crimes nor have any tendency in that direction. Besides, even if a count does charge two offenses, yet charges but one of them sufficiently, it is not double. 1 Bishop, New Crim. Proc., secs. 440, 480. Consequently, no error occurred in overruling defendant’s demurrer to this count, based on the ground of duplicity.
II. Equally untenable is the assertion that because the first count had been abandoned, that therefore the oath recited in the first could not be referred to in the manner as done in the second one. A defective count may be thus referred to, State v. Wagner, 118 Mo. loc. cit. 629, and cases cited, and certainly a good count on [523]*523which, the State has declined to proceed to trial, may be equally as useful.as a matter of reference. The same rule prevails ■ here as when a repealed or expired statute is consulted in order to determine the meaning of a statute in full life. Sutherland, Stat. Const., sec. 288.
III. The instructions given on behalf of the State are as follows:
“1.
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Shebwood, J.
The legal basis of this prosecution is the following statute:
“Section 1. If any person over the age of sixteen years shall have carnal knowledge of any unmarried female, of previously chaste character, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years of age, he shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two years, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor • more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than one month or more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the ■court. .
“Approved April 8, 1895.” Laws 1895, p. 149.
The basis of fact is furnished by the statement of the Attorney-General (which on comparison with the record is found to be correct and therefore adopted), to wit:
The prosecuting witness, Katie Lee Holmes, lived with her parents at Jerseyville, in the State of Illinois. She was born on the fifteenth day of May, 1879, and was therefore sixteen years of. age at the time the offense was committed upon her. In the latter part of the autumn of 1894 she visited her uncle, the defendant, James Knock, in.Kansas City, Jackson county, Missouri. She again visited him and his1 family in the «ame city during'the months of October, November [520]*520and December, 1895. It was while she was upon this last visit that the crime was committed. Defendant-lived with his wife in a two-story store building, on the corner of Thirtieth and "Wyandotte streets, in Kansas City. On the night of the seventh of October, of the year in question, the defendant’s wife left home to visit her sister in Jerseyville, Illinois. Defendant and the prosecuting witness went with her to the railroad station, and after the train had departed, returned to his home, arriving there about 9 o’clock, p. m. About 10 o’clock Miss Holmes retired, occupying the same room she was accustomed to occupy when her aunt was at home. There was no other person in the house save defendant. The defendant occupied a room separate and apart from that in which Miss Holmes slept. The sleeping apartments to which they had respectively retired were on the second floor of the building. After the young lady had gone to sleep she was aroused by the presence of the defendant, who was attempting to get on top of her. He grabbed her hands and held them over her mouth to prevent her screaming. With his knees he forced her legs apart and had sexual intercourse with her. Again, on Thanksgiving day, in November, 1895, defendant had killed a turkey and the blood had “splashed” all over the young woman’s dress. She went upstairs for the purpose of changing her clothing, and while there commenced combing her hair. Defendant entered the room where she was and told her if she screamed he would kill her. His wife was down stairs getting-dinner. He pushed her over on the bed, pulled up her clothing, and using his knees to separate her legs as before, had sexual intercourse with her. She suffered great pain and became very sick. After defendant had accomplished his purpose he told her to “hurry up and go down stairs.”
[521]*521On the morning of the seventh day of December, 3895, defendant went into the room in which she was sleeping and again had sexual intercourse with her, under similar circumstances and in about the same manner as the first time. The act was repeated on the 'morning of the fourteenth and twenty-first days of December, 1895. Upon each occurrence he cautioned her to say nothing about it, threatening and telling her it would go as hard with one as the other. He also told her that if she told anyone he would tell that she was of bad character. She frequently told him she was going home, but he would not agree to it and as she was without any money she could not leave. However, after the last intercourse was had, she wrote to .her mother for money to return home, and on the thirtieth day of December left the residence of the defendant for Jerseyville, Illinois- As a result of the criminal connection by defendant with the prosecuting witness, she became pregnant, and on the eighteenth day of August, 1896, at Pacific, Missouri, gave birth to a male child. The prosecuting witness stated that she had never been married; that she had never had intercourse with any person other than defendant, and that he was the father of the child born to her at Pacific, Missouri.
■Evidence was also 'introduced showing that the prosecutrix was possessed of an untarnished character for chastity and virtue in Jerseyville, Illinois. It was attempted to besmirch her character as to the brief period she stopped in Kansas City, but if such evidence were true it does not appear when such reputation was acquired, whether before or after the perpetration of the crime with which defendant is charged. Defendant denied the perpetration of the offense. But it was testified to that he had asked a question which indicated an anxiety on his part whether anything could [522]*522be done with a man for committing fornication with a girl who was under the age of eighteen years, where there was no other testimony but the girl’s against him. Being tried, defendant was found guilty and his punishment assessed at two years in the penitentiary.
I. The indictment is in usual and approved form (State v. Burries, 126 Mo. 565), and consists of twocounts, the second of which is as follows:
“And the grand jurors aforesaid, on their oath aforesaid, do further say and present that James H. Knock, late of the county aforesaid, on the 30th day of November, 1895, at the county of Jackson, State aforesaid, in and upon one Katie Lee Holmes, unlawfully and feloniously did make an assault, and her, the said Katie Lee Holmes, then and there unlawfully and feloniously did carnally know and abuse, he, the said James H. Knock, being then and there a person over the age of sixteen years, and she the said Katie Lee Holmes, being then and there an unmarried female of previously chaste character, between the ages of 14 and 18 years of age, to wit, of the age of 16 years, against the peace and dignity of the State.”
On the latter count the State elected to proceed. This count does not charge two crimes nor have any tendency in that direction. Besides, even if a count does charge two offenses, yet charges but one of them sufficiently, it is not double. 1 Bishop, New Crim. Proc., secs. 440, 480. Consequently, no error occurred in overruling defendant’s demurrer to this count, based on the ground of duplicity.
II. Equally untenable is the assertion that because the first count had been abandoned, that therefore the oath recited in the first could not be referred to in the manner as done in the second one. A defective count may be thus referred to, State v. Wagner, 118 Mo. loc. cit. 629, and cases cited, and certainly a good count on [523]*523which, the State has declined to proceed to trial, may be equally as useful.as a matter of reference. The same rule prevails ■ here as when a repealed or expired statute is consulted in order to determine the meaning of a statute in full life. Sutherland, Stat. Const., sec. 288.
III. The instructions given on behalf of the State are as follows:
“1. The court instructs the jury that if you shall find from the evidence that-at the county of Jackson, and State of Missouri, at any 'time within three years next before the 30th day of January, 1897, the defendant did feloniously assault and carnally know the witness, Katie Lee Holmes, and that the said Katie Lee Holmes at the time of said assault is charged to have been made was over the age of fourteen years and under the age of eighteen years . and that the said Katie Lee Holmes was at the time an unmarried female of previous chaste character, and that the defendant was at the time over the age of sixteen, you will find the defendant guilty, and assess his punishment at imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two years, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a term not less than one month and not more than six months, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and no more than five hundred dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Feloniously means wickedly and against the admonition of the law.
“2. Sexual intercourse with an unmarried female of previous chaste character who is between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years, is a violation of the law, with or without her consent.
‘ ‘3. The jury are the sole judges of the credibility of the witnesses, and of the weight and value to be given to their testimony. In determining as to the credit you will give to a witness, and the weight and [524]*524value you will attach to a witness’ testimony, you should take into consideration the conduct and appearance of the witness upon the stand, the interest of the witness, if any, in the result of the trial, the motives of the witness in testifying, the witness’ relation to or feeling for or against the defendant, or the alleged injured party, the probability or improbability of the witness’ statements, the opportunity the witness had to observe and to be informed as to matters respecting which such witness gives testimony, and the inclin,ation of the witness to speak truthfully or otherwise as to matters within the knowledge of such witness. All of these matters being taken into account, with all the other facts and circumstances given in evidence, it is your province to give to each witness such credit and the testimony of each witness such value and weight as you deem proper. If upon a consideration of all the evidence you conclude that any witness has sworn willfully false as to any material matter involved in the trial, you may reject or treat as untrue the whole or any part of such witness’ testimony.
“4. The court instructs the jury that the law presumes the innocence and not the guilt of the defendant, and this presumption of innocence attends the defendant throughout the trial, and at the end entitles the defendant to an acquittal unless the evidence in the case, when taken as a whole, satisfies you of defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, as defined in these instructions.
“5. The court instructs the jury that before you can convict the defendant you must be satisfied of his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt; such doubt, to authorize an acquittal upon reasonable doubt alone, must be a substantial doubt of the defendant’s guilt, with a view to all the evidence in the case, and not a mere possibility of the defendant’s innocence.
[525]*525“6. The court instructs the jury that the defendant is a competent witness in the case, and you must consider his testimony in arriving at your verdict, but in determining what weight and credibility you will give to his testimony in making up your verdict, you may take into consideration as affecting his credibility, his interest in the result of the ease, and that he is the accused party on trial, testifying in his own behalf.
“7. In determining as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant, you should take into account the testimony in relation to his character as a moral man and you should give to such testimony such weight as you deem proper, but if from all the evidence before you you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt, as defined in these instructions, that the defendant is guilty, then his previous good character, if shown, can not justify excuse, palliate or mitigate the offense, and you can not acquit him merely because you believe he has been a person of good repute.”
These instructions are substantially correct; we discover no reversible error in them. But it is passing strange why the trial courts can not use the formula for an instruction on reasonable doubt announced and adopted in the State v. Nueslein, 25 Mo. 111, and which has stood every test and triumphed over every criticism, instead of making experiments with the criminal law. State v. Sacre, 141 Mo. loc. cit. 67, and cases cited. If a jury can not understand the instruction referred to in Nueslein’s case, they could not understand any instruction which might be drafted.
IY. The instructions asked by defendant were properly refused for several reasons.' ■ In the first place, it is not the law, as asserted in defendant’s first instruction, that if “force” be used, that this exonerates the force-user when charged with the crime mentioned in the act of 1895, swpra.
[526]*526As to the other instructions asked by defendant, they were either embraced in those given on behalf of the State, or else did not express the law applicable to 'the facts. And besides, the evidence does not show token Henderson was seen with the prosecuting witness with his pantaloons open in front. If after the prosecutrix had been debauched, then such evidence would amount to nothing, and hence could not be the foundation for an instruction.
Y. The trial court committed no error in refusing to admit in evidence a letter written by the mother of the prosecutrix to defendant wherein she offered to hush the matter up for $500, as this letter was clearly res inter alios. State v. Jaeger, 66 Mo. loc. cit. 180.
Discovering no reversible error in the record, judgment affirmed.
All concur.