[Cite as State v. Klorer, 2014-Ohio-3989.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. WD-13-083
Appellee Trial Court No. 2012CR0601
v.
Richard C. Klorer DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: September 12, 2014
***** Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and Thomas A. Matuszak and David T. Harold, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for appellee.
Lawrence A. Gold, for appellant. *****
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a September 13, 2013, judgment of the Wood County
Court of Common Pleas, which found appellant guilty of one count of possession of
heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth degree. For the reasons set forth
below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial court. {¶ 2} Appellant, Richard C. Klorer, sets forth the following sole assignment of
error:
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN DENYING
APPELLANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS IN VIOLATION OF HIS
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM AN
UNREASONABLE SEARCH AND SEIZURE UNDER THE OHIO AND
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On July 2, 2012,
a Bowling Green police officer who was on duty was alerted by a fellow officer to watch
out for a white Pontiac currently driving in the area. The subject vehicle was driven by a
known suspect with an active arrest warrant, driving under a suspended license, and
possessing a lengthy criminal record.
{¶ 4} The officer subsequently observed the wanted vehicle commit a traffic
offense and stopped it at a gas station in the city of Bowling Green. Based upon the
active warrant for appellant’s arrest, appellant was arrested and a tow order was placed
for the vehicle. Pursuant to a standard, written policy of the Bowling Green Police
Department, when the driver of a vehicle is being arrested the arresting officer, “will
attempt to inventory the vehicle before leaving the scene.” In conjunction with this, the
department policy provides, “The inventory will be as thorough as possible. All
containers and compartments shall be inventoried, when practical.”
2. {¶ 5} Pursuant to the departmental policy, the arresting officer began to conduct
an inventory search of appellant’s vehicle. During the search, the officer recovered a
green zippered pouch containing an uncapped syringe and a plastic bag which
encompassed smaller plastic bags containing residue and bloodstained cotton balls.
{¶ 6} On September 21, 2012, BCI test results confirmed that the materials
recovered from appellant’s vehicle contained heroin. Accordingly, appellant was charged
with one count of possession of heroin, a violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth
degree.
{¶ 7} On March 15, 2013, counsel for appellant filed a motion for intervention in
lieu of conviction. On March 18, 2013, appellee filed a brief in opposition. Appellant
possesses an extensive criminal history, including multiple past drug offenses. On May
28, 2013, the trial court denied appellant’s motion for intervention in lieu of conviction.
{¶ 8} On June 18, 2013, a waiver of speedy trial requirements was filed by
appellant. On June 20, 2013, appellant filed a written motion to suppress. On July 8,
2013, appellee filed a brief in opposition. On August 23, 2013, the suppression hearing
was conducted. The motion was subsequently denied.
{¶ 9} Appellant entered a plea of no contest to the single count of possession of
heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth degree, and was found guilty. A
presentence investigation was ordered. On November 8, 2013, appellant was sentenced
to four years of community control. This appeal ensued.
3. {¶ 10} In the single assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court
improperly denied appellant’s motion to suppress. In support, appellant contends that
although the initial traffic stop by the Bowling Green Police Department triggering the
inventory and tow of appellant’s vehicle was valid, the Bowling Green Police
Department policy underlying this matter was not adequately specific as it pertains to the
contents of containers discovered during such searches. We are not persuaded.
{¶ 11} It is well-established that an inventory search of a lawfully impounded
vehicle is a valid exception to the warrant requirement of the fourth amendment of the
United States Constitution. Colorado v. Bertine, 479 U.S. 367, 371 (1987). The
rationale underlying the exclusion of vehicle inventory searches from the warrant
requirement stems from the fact that such searches constitute an administrative function,
not an investigative function. South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364, 367 (1976).
{¶ 12} In conjunction with the above guiding legal parameters, this court has held
that in order to determine whether a disputed vehicle inventory search was valid, the
evidence must demonstrate that the relevant police department has a standardized policy
for such scenarios and that the officer’s conduct conformed to that policy. State v. Kerr,
6th Dist. Wood No. WD-05-080, 2006-Ohio-6058, ¶ 20. Also, the record must reflect
that the search was not done in bad faith such as being performed as a pretext with the
actual purpose being solely for investigation. As we held in Kerr at ¶ 26, “[N]othing in
the record indicates that the inventory search of appellee’s vehicle was conducted in bad
faith or for the sole purpose of investigation.”
4. {¶ 13} We note at the outset of our consideration of the propriety of the disputed
vehicle inventory search that the record reflects that the Bowling Green Police
Department possessed a standardized written policy for performing an inventory search
of a vehicle of a driver who has been arrested. The policy states in pertinent part, “The
inventory will be as thorough as possible. All containers and compartments shall be
inventoried, when practical.” The policy clearly establishes that it exists to both protect
the property in the vehicle and to protect against claims of theft of the property against
the officers.
{¶ 14} In applying all of the above controlling legal guidelines to the instant case,
the record reflects that appellant was properly stopped for a traffic violation and that
appellant concedes the legitimacy of the initial stop. The record reflects that at the time
of the traffic stop, there was an active warrant for appellant’s arrest on a prior criminal
matter. The record reflects that based upon appellant’s arrest, a tow and inventory of
appellant’s vehicle was initiated and conducted pursuant to a standardized written policy
of the Bowling Green Police Department. The record reflects that the policy directed
such a vehicle inventory search to be, “as thorough as possible.” The record reflects that
the arresting officer recovered a green plastic zipper pouch containing a plastic bag inside
of it, which then contained smaller plastic bags within the larger plastic bag. The record
reflects that all containers were searched, including containers stored within containers.
{¶ 15} We have carefully reviewed and considered this matter. Just as we
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[Cite as State v. Klorer, 2014-Ohio-3989.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. WD-13-083
Appellee Trial Court No. 2012CR0601
v.
Richard C. Klorer DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: September 12, 2014
***** Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and Thomas A. Matuszak and David T. Harold, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for appellee.
Lawrence A. Gold, for appellant. *****
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a September 13, 2013, judgment of the Wood County
Court of Common Pleas, which found appellant guilty of one count of possession of
heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth degree. For the reasons set forth
below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial court. {¶ 2} Appellant, Richard C. Klorer, sets forth the following sole assignment of
error:
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN DENYING
APPELLANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS IN VIOLATION OF HIS
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM AN
UNREASONABLE SEARCH AND SEIZURE UNDER THE OHIO AND
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On July 2, 2012,
a Bowling Green police officer who was on duty was alerted by a fellow officer to watch
out for a white Pontiac currently driving in the area. The subject vehicle was driven by a
known suspect with an active arrest warrant, driving under a suspended license, and
possessing a lengthy criminal record.
{¶ 4} The officer subsequently observed the wanted vehicle commit a traffic
offense and stopped it at a gas station in the city of Bowling Green. Based upon the
active warrant for appellant’s arrest, appellant was arrested and a tow order was placed
for the vehicle. Pursuant to a standard, written policy of the Bowling Green Police
Department, when the driver of a vehicle is being arrested the arresting officer, “will
attempt to inventory the vehicle before leaving the scene.” In conjunction with this, the
department policy provides, “The inventory will be as thorough as possible. All
containers and compartments shall be inventoried, when practical.”
2. {¶ 5} Pursuant to the departmental policy, the arresting officer began to conduct
an inventory search of appellant’s vehicle. During the search, the officer recovered a
green zippered pouch containing an uncapped syringe and a plastic bag which
encompassed smaller plastic bags containing residue and bloodstained cotton balls.
{¶ 6} On September 21, 2012, BCI test results confirmed that the materials
recovered from appellant’s vehicle contained heroin. Accordingly, appellant was charged
with one count of possession of heroin, a violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth
degree.
{¶ 7} On March 15, 2013, counsel for appellant filed a motion for intervention in
lieu of conviction. On March 18, 2013, appellee filed a brief in opposition. Appellant
possesses an extensive criminal history, including multiple past drug offenses. On May
28, 2013, the trial court denied appellant’s motion for intervention in lieu of conviction.
{¶ 8} On June 18, 2013, a waiver of speedy trial requirements was filed by
appellant. On June 20, 2013, appellant filed a written motion to suppress. On July 8,
2013, appellee filed a brief in opposition. On August 23, 2013, the suppression hearing
was conducted. The motion was subsequently denied.
{¶ 9} Appellant entered a plea of no contest to the single count of possession of
heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the fifth degree, and was found guilty. A
presentence investigation was ordered. On November 8, 2013, appellant was sentenced
to four years of community control. This appeal ensued.
3. {¶ 10} In the single assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court
improperly denied appellant’s motion to suppress. In support, appellant contends that
although the initial traffic stop by the Bowling Green Police Department triggering the
inventory and tow of appellant’s vehicle was valid, the Bowling Green Police
Department policy underlying this matter was not adequately specific as it pertains to the
contents of containers discovered during such searches. We are not persuaded.
{¶ 11} It is well-established that an inventory search of a lawfully impounded
vehicle is a valid exception to the warrant requirement of the fourth amendment of the
United States Constitution. Colorado v. Bertine, 479 U.S. 367, 371 (1987). The
rationale underlying the exclusion of vehicle inventory searches from the warrant
requirement stems from the fact that such searches constitute an administrative function,
not an investigative function. South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364, 367 (1976).
{¶ 12} In conjunction with the above guiding legal parameters, this court has held
that in order to determine whether a disputed vehicle inventory search was valid, the
evidence must demonstrate that the relevant police department has a standardized policy
for such scenarios and that the officer’s conduct conformed to that policy. State v. Kerr,
6th Dist. Wood No. WD-05-080, 2006-Ohio-6058, ¶ 20. Also, the record must reflect
that the search was not done in bad faith such as being performed as a pretext with the
actual purpose being solely for investigation. As we held in Kerr at ¶ 26, “[N]othing in
the record indicates that the inventory search of appellee’s vehicle was conducted in bad
faith or for the sole purpose of investigation.”
4. {¶ 13} We note at the outset of our consideration of the propriety of the disputed
vehicle inventory search that the record reflects that the Bowling Green Police
Department possessed a standardized written policy for performing an inventory search
of a vehicle of a driver who has been arrested. The policy states in pertinent part, “The
inventory will be as thorough as possible. All containers and compartments shall be
inventoried, when practical.” The policy clearly establishes that it exists to both protect
the property in the vehicle and to protect against claims of theft of the property against
the officers.
{¶ 14} In applying all of the above controlling legal guidelines to the instant case,
the record reflects that appellant was properly stopped for a traffic violation and that
appellant concedes the legitimacy of the initial stop. The record reflects that at the time
of the traffic stop, there was an active warrant for appellant’s arrest on a prior criminal
matter. The record reflects that based upon appellant’s arrest, a tow and inventory of
appellant’s vehicle was initiated and conducted pursuant to a standardized written policy
of the Bowling Green Police Department. The record reflects that the policy directed
such a vehicle inventory search to be, “as thorough as possible.” The record reflects that
the arresting officer recovered a green plastic zipper pouch containing a plastic bag inside
of it, which then contained smaller plastic bags within the larger plastic bag. The record
reflects that all containers were searched, including containers stored within containers.
{¶ 15} We have carefully reviewed and considered this matter. Just as we
concluded in the analogous Kerr case, we likewise find that nothing in the record reflects
5. that the disputed inventory search of appellant’s vehicle was done in bad faith or for the
sole purpose of investigation so as to potentially compromise the legitimacy of the
vehicle inventory search. The search was performed in substantial accordance with the
standardized procedures of the Bowling Green Police Department.
{¶ 16} Wherefore, we find appellant’s sole assignment of error not well-taken.
The judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas is hereby affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Thomas J. Osowik, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/?source=6.
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