State v. Jordan

697 P.2d 323, 144 Ariz. 240, 1985 Ariz. LEXIS 186
Arizona Supreme Court·Decided March 19, 1985·No. No. 3156-4·Published

Opinion

HAYS, Justice.

This is the fourth time appellant has presented his case to this court. In 1976, we affirmed appellant’s conviction for first degree murder, A.R.S. § 13-1105, and the sentence of death, A.R.S. § 13-703. State v. Jordan, 114 Ariz. 452, 561 P.2d 1224 (1976), vacated in part, 438 U.S. 911, 98 S.Ct. 3138, 57 L.Ed.2d 1157 (1978) (Jordan I). In 1980, after resentencing, we affirmed appellant’s death sentence. State v. Jordan, 126 Ariz. 283, 614 P.2d 825, cert. denied, 449 U.S. 986, 101 S.Ct. 408, 66 L.Ed.2d 251 (1980) (Jordan II). In 1983, appellant petitioned for post-conviction relief. See 17 A.R.S. Rules of Crim.Proc., Rule 32. The case was assigned to Judge Howard Thompson. The court denied relief. On appeal, we remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing to determine if the original trial judge (Judge Harold Martin) became impermissibly involved in the plea negotiations. See State v. Jordan, 137 Ariz. 504, 672 P.2d 169 (1983) (Jordan III). Because we found impermissible judicial involvement in the plea negotiations, we ordered that appellant be resentenced. Appellant was sentenced by Judge Thompson to life imprisonment without possibility of parole for 25 years. Appellant moved for a [241] new trial. The trial court, however, denied that motion. Appellant now appeals from the denial of his new trial motion (Jordan IV). We have jurisdiction. Ariz. Const. art. 6, § 5(3); A.R.S. §§ 13-4031, 13-4035. We affirm.

We address one issue:

Is it contrary to (former) A.R.S. § 13-454(B) to resentence appellant before another judge if the original trial judge is disqualified?

FACTS

In January 1975, appellant was convicted of first degree murder after a jury trial. In March 1975, appellant was sentenced to death. Pursuant to (former) A.R.S. § 13-454(A), which was in effect at the time of appellant’s conviction and original sentencing, the trial judge (Judge Martin) sentenced appellant. A.R.S. § 13-454(A) provided that:

When a defendant is found guilty of or pleads guilty to first degree murder, the judge who presided at the trial or before whom the guilty plea was entered shall conduct a separate sentencing hearing to determine the existence or nonexistence of the circumstances set forth in subsection E and F, for the purpose of determining the sentence to be imposed. The hearing shall be conducted before the court alone.

For cases arising on or after October 1, 1978, the death penalty statute was revised without material change and renumbered as A.R.S. § 13-703(B) [hereinafter “preamendment A.R.S. § 13 — 703(B)”]. In December 1978, appellant was resentenced in accordance with Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586, 98 S.Ct. 2954, 57 L.Ed.2d 973 (1978), and State v. Watson, 120 Ariz. 441, 586 P.2d 1253 (1978). Appellant was again sentenced to death by Judge Martin. In 1982, the Arizona Legislature amended A.R.S. § 13-703(B) [hereinafter “post-amendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B)”] to allow a successor judge to conduct sentencing proceedings in the event of the death, resignation, incapacity, or disqualification of the trial judge.

In State v. McDaniel, 127 Ariz. 13, 16, 617 P.2d 1129, 1132 (1980), we held that a successor judge did not have the authority under pre-amendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B) to resentence a criminal defendant to death after the trial judge was disqualified for cause from conducting a sentencing hearing. The defendant in McDaniel was accordingly retried. See also State v. Leslie, 136 Ariz. 463, 464, 666 P.2d 1072, 1073 (1983) (no abuse of discretion for trial judge to grant new trial pursuant to preamendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B) after original trial judge was disqualified). Citing McDaniel as authority, appellant contends that he is entitled to a new trial because the original trial judge was disqualified. Appellant also asserts that post-amendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B) does not apply to his case because it was not in effect at the time of his crime, his conviction, or his original sentencing. Appellant charges that it would be contrary to the intent of the legislature and the constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws to apply this sentencing statute retroactively. The state, contends that the statute in effect at the time of appellant’s new trial motion, post-amendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B), should control.

We need not decide which sentencing statute applies to the instant facts. Assuming without deciding that post-amendment A.R.S. § 13-703(B) does not control, appellant is still not entitled to a new trial. In State v. Valencia, 132 Ariz. 248, 645 P.2d 239 (1982), we said:

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State v. Jordan, 697 P.2d 323, 144 Ariz. 240, 1985 Ariz. LEXIS 186 (Ark. 1985).

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Related

Lockett v. Ohio
438 U.S. 586 (Supreme Court, 1978)
State v. Jordan
672 P.2d 169 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1983)
State v. Jordan
614 P.2d 825 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1980)
State v. Leslie
666 P.2d 1072 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1983)
State v. McDaniel
617 P.2d 1129 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1980)
State v. Valencia
645 P.2d 239 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1982)
State v. Jordan
561 P.2d 1224 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1976)
State v. Watson
586 P.2d 1253 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1978)
State v. Hankins
686 P.2d 740 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1984)
State v. Jordan
672 P.2d 169 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1983)
Jordan v. Arizona
438 U.S. 911 (Supreme Court, 1978)
Johnson ex rel. Rossiello v. Allstate Insurance
449 U.S. 987 (Supreme Court, 1980)
Florey v. Sioux Falls School District 49-5
449 U.S. 987 (Supreme Court, 1980)