IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT JACKSON AUGUST SESSION, 1997
FILED JOHNNY LEE MUKES, ) September 09, 1997 ) No. 02C01-9610-CR-00320 Appellant ) Cecil Crowson, Jr. ) SHELBY COUNTY Appellate C ourt Clerk vs. ) ) Hon. JOHN P. COLTON, JR., Judge STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) (Post-Conviction) Appellee )
For the Appellant: For the Appellee:
JOHNNY LEE MUKES, PRO SE CHARLES W. BURSON Reg. No. 12375-076 Attorney General and Reporter F.C.I. Memphis P. O. Box 34550 (Beale-A) MICHAEL J. FAHEY, II Memphis, TN 38184-0550 Assistant Attorney General Criminal Justice Division 450 James Robertson Parkway Nashville, TN 37243-0493
WILLIAM GIBBONS District Attorney General
ROBERT CARTER Asst. District Attorney General Criminal Justice Complex Suite 301, 201 Poplar Street Memphis, TN 38103
OPINION FILED:
AFFIRMED
David G. Hayes Judge OPINION
The appellant, Johnny Lee Mukes, appeals the order of the Shelby
County Criminal Court dismissing his pro se petition for post-conviction relief. In
this appeal, the appellant raises numerous issues which can collectively be
summarized as challenging the trial court's ruling that the petition for post-
conviction relief is time barred.1
After a review of the record, we affirm the lower court's denial of post-
conviction relief.
Between March 1, 1976, and January 12, 1988, the appellant entered
guilty pleas to and was convicted of numerous felonies in the State of
Tennessee.2 In 1990, the appellant was convicted in the federal district court for
the Western District of Tennessee of possession of a controlled substance with
intent to distribute, carrying a firearm in a drug trafficking offense, and being a
felon in possession of a firearm. His prior state convictions, the subject of this
appeal, were subsequently used to enhance the sentences imposed for these
federal convictions.3 The appellant is currently incarcerated at the Federal
1 Although the post-conviction petition included in the record before this court only attacks the appellant's 1 984 conviction s for aggravate d assault, the argum ent presented by both parties in their respe ctive briefs e nco m pas ses all prior felony conviction s of th e ap pellant, infra note 2, used to enhance his sentences for his subsequent federal convictions. The trial court noted that each of the appellant's prior state convictions were challenged in separate post-conviction petitions, but were assigned the same docket num ber when filed. Accordingly, the court addressed the appellant's c ollective challenges in its denial.
2 The federal presentence report included in the record indicates that the following prior felony convictions of the appellant were used for federal sentencing enhancement purposes:
03/01/76 Robb ery 04/24/80 Carrying a Pistol 07/24/84 Ag gravate d Assault 07/24/84 Ag gravate d Assault 03/05/87 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent 03/05/87 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent 03/05/87 Convicted F elon in Posses sion of Firearm 01/12/88 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent
3 In accordance with Federal Sentencing Guideline, the appellant received three criminal history points for his 1976 conviction for robbery; two criminal history points for his 1980 conviction for carrying a pisto l; three c rim inal histo ry points for his 198 4 co nviction s for agg rava ted assa ult;
2 Correctional Institution in Memphis, Tennessee. On July 9, 1996, the appellant
filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief alleging that his guilty pleas
entered for his respective state convictions were not knowingly and voluntarily
entered.4 On July 30, 1996, the trial court, without an evidentiary hearing,
dismissed the petition as being barred by the statute of limitations.
The record supports the trial court's finding that the petition is time-barred.
The limitations period on the appellant's claims began to run on July 1, 1986, for
convictions entered prior to this date, on April 5, 1987, for his convictions for
possession of a controlled substance with intent and felon in possession of a
firearm, and on February 12, 1988, for his conviction for possession of a
controlled substance with intent. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102 (repealed
1995); see also Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 624 (Tenn. Crim. App.),
perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. 1994). Thus, the appellant had three years from
these respective dates in which to file a cognizable claim for post-conviction
relief.5 Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102. The petition in the instant case was filed
on July 9, 1996, well past the three year statute of limitations; thus, the appellant
is "barred" from seeking post-conviction relief.
three criminal history points for his 1987 convictions for possession with intent to sell and being a felon in possession of a firearm; and three criminal history points for his 1988 conviction for possession with intent to sell. 28 U.S.C.A. § 994(a)(1) (W est 1993); Federal Sentencing Guidelines §§ 4A 1.2 (1995).
4 The appellant alleges that his guilty pleas failed to comply with the constitutional m andates of Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709 (1969), and State v. Mackey, 553 S.W .2d 337 (Tenn. 1977). Specifically, he contends that he was not informed that the resulting con victions from these gu ilty pleas co uld be con sidered for su bse que nt senten cing enh anc em ent. Eve n if the a ppe llant's claim was not tim e ba rred, he would not have a cognizable claim for po st- con viction re lief. Boykin requires the inte ntion al relinqu ishm ent or abandonm ent of the accused's right ag ainst self-inc rim ination, the righ t to confront one's accu sers, and the right to a trial by jury. Id. The allegation made by the appellant, however, suggests a violation of the mandates of Mackey, 553 S.W .2d at 341 and State v. McClintock, 732 S.W .2d 268, 273 (Tenn. 1987), not Bo ykin . Fa ilure to give advice not required by Boykin , i.e.,failure to inform the accused that the resulting judgment of conviction could be used in the future to enhance punishment for subsequent convictions, is not a proper ground for post-conviction relief because the omission doe s no t, by itself, rise to the level of cons titutional error. See Ha tm aker v. State, No. 03C01- 950 6-C R-0 016 9 (T enn . Crim . App . at Knoxville, Oct. 18, 1996), perm. to appeal denied, (Apr. 14, 199 7) (citing Tenn . Code A nn. § 40-3 0-10 5; State v. Prince, 781 S.W .2d 846. 853 (T enn. 1989); State v. Neal, 810 S.W .2d 131, 140 (T enn. 1991)).
5 Th e ap pellant had until July 1, 1989 ; April 5, 1990 ; and Jan uary 13, 1991, re spe ctively, to file an appro priate petition for post-conviction relief.
3 Nonetheless, the appellant makes several arguments in support of his
position that his petition is not time-barred. First, the appellant contends that he
was not "in custody" at the time of filing, and, therefore, the three year statute of
limitations does not apply to him. A person confined to a federal penitentiary is
considered "in custody" within the meaning of Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102 if
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IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT JACKSON AUGUST SESSION, 1997
FILED JOHNNY LEE MUKES, ) September 09, 1997 ) No. 02C01-9610-CR-00320 Appellant ) Cecil Crowson, Jr. ) SHELBY COUNTY Appellate C ourt Clerk vs. ) ) Hon. JOHN P. COLTON, JR., Judge STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) (Post-Conviction) Appellee )
For the Appellant: For the Appellee:
JOHNNY LEE MUKES, PRO SE CHARLES W. BURSON Reg. No. 12375-076 Attorney General and Reporter F.C.I. Memphis P. O. Box 34550 (Beale-A) MICHAEL J. FAHEY, II Memphis, TN 38184-0550 Assistant Attorney General Criminal Justice Division 450 James Robertson Parkway Nashville, TN 37243-0493
WILLIAM GIBBONS District Attorney General
ROBERT CARTER Asst. District Attorney General Criminal Justice Complex Suite 301, 201 Poplar Street Memphis, TN 38103
OPINION FILED:
AFFIRMED
David G. Hayes Judge OPINION
The appellant, Johnny Lee Mukes, appeals the order of the Shelby
County Criminal Court dismissing his pro se petition for post-conviction relief. In
this appeal, the appellant raises numerous issues which can collectively be
summarized as challenging the trial court's ruling that the petition for post-
conviction relief is time barred.1
After a review of the record, we affirm the lower court's denial of post-
conviction relief.
Between March 1, 1976, and January 12, 1988, the appellant entered
guilty pleas to and was convicted of numerous felonies in the State of
Tennessee.2 In 1990, the appellant was convicted in the federal district court for
the Western District of Tennessee of possession of a controlled substance with
intent to distribute, carrying a firearm in a drug trafficking offense, and being a
felon in possession of a firearm. His prior state convictions, the subject of this
appeal, were subsequently used to enhance the sentences imposed for these
federal convictions.3 The appellant is currently incarcerated at the Federal
1 Although the post-conviction petition included in the record before this court only attacks the appellant's 1 984 conviction s for aggravate d assault, the argum ent presented by both parties in their respe ctive briefs e nco m pas ses all prior felony conviction s of th e ap pellant, infra note 2, used to enhance his sentences for his subsequent federal convictions. The trial court noted that each of the appellant's prior state convictions were challenged in separate post-conviction petitions, but were assigned the same docket num ber when filed. Accordingly, the court addressed the appellant's c ollective challenges in its denial.
2 The federal presentence report included in the record indicates that the following prior felony convictions of the appellant were used for federal sentencing enhancement purposes:
03/01/76 Robb ery 04/24/80 Carrying a Pistol 07/24/84 Ag gravate d Assault 07/24/84 Ag gravate d Assault 03/05/87 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent 03/05/87 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent 03/05/87 Convicted F elon in Posses sion of Firearm 01/12/88 Possession Controlled Substance w/ Intent
3 In accordance with Federal Sentencing Guideline, the appellant received three criminal history points for his 1976 conviction for robbery; two criminal history points for his 1980 conviction for carrying a pisto l; three c rim inal histo ry points for his 198 4 co nviction s for agg rava ted assa ult;
2 Correctional Institution in Memphis, Tennessee. On July 9, 1996, the appellant
filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief alleging that his guilty pleas
entered for his respective state convictions were not knowingly and voluntarily
entered.4 On July 30, 1996, the trial court, without an evidentiary hearing,
dismissed the petition as being barred by the statute of limitations.
The record supports the trial court's finding that the petition is time-barred.
The limitations period on the appellant's claims began to run on July 1, 1986, for
convictions entered prior to this date, on April 5, 1987, for his convictions for
possession of a controlled substance with intent and felon in possession of a
firearm, and on February 12, 1988, for his conviction for possession of a
controlled substance with intent. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102 (repealed
1995); see also Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 624 (Tenn. Crim. App.),
perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. 1994). Thus, the appellant had three years from
these respective dates in which to file a cognizable claim for post-conviction
relief.5 Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102. The petition in the instant case was filed
on July 9, 1996, well past the three year statute of limitations; thus, the appellant
is "barred" from seeking post-conviction relief.
three criminal history points for his 1987 convictions for possession with intent to sell and being a felon in possession of a firearm; and three criminal history points for his 1988 conviction for possession with intent to sell. 28 U.S.C.A. § 994(a)(1) (W est 1993); Federal Sentencing Guidelines §§ 4A 1.2 (1995).
4 The appellant alleges that his guilty pleas failed to comply with the constitutional m andates of Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709 (1969), and State v. Mackey, 553 S.W .2d 337 (Tenn. 1977). Specifically, he contends that he was not informed that the resulting con victions from these gu ilty pleas co uld be con sidered for su bse que nt senten cing enh anc em ent. Eve n if the a ppe llant's claim was not tim e ba rred, he would not have a cognizable claim for po st- con viction re lief. Boykin requires the inte ntion al relinqu ishm ent or abandonm ent of the accused's right ag ainst self-inc rim ination, the righ t to confront one's accu sers, and the right to a trial by jury. Id. The allegation made by the appellant, however, suggests a violation of the mandates of Mackey, 553 S.W .2d at 341 and State v. McClintock, 732 S.W .2d 268, 273 (Tenn. 1987), not Bo ykin . Fa ilure to give advice not required by Boykin , i.e.,failure to inform the accused that the resulting judgment of conviction could be used in the future to enhance punishment for subsequent convictions, is not a proper ground for post-conviction relief because the omission doe s no t, by itself, rise to the level of cons titutional error. See Ha tm aker v. State, No. 03C01- 950 6-C R-0 016 9 (T enn . Crim . App . at Knoxville, Oct. 18, 1996), perm. to appeal denied, (Apr. 14, 199 7) (citing Tenn . Code A nn. § 40-3 0-10 5; State v. Prince, 781 S.W .2d 846. 853 (T enn. 1989); State v. Neal, 810 S.W .2d 131, 140 (T enn. 1991)).
5 Th e ap pellant had until July 1, 1989 ; April 5, 1990 ; and Jan uary 13, 1991, re spe ctively, to file an appro priate petition for post-conviction relief.
3 Nonetheless, the appellant makes several arguments in support of his
position that his petition is not time-barred. First, the appellant contends that he
was not "in custody" at the time of filing, and, therefore, the three year statute of
limitations does not apply to him. A person confined to a federal penitentiary is
considered "in custody" within the meaning of Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-102 if
the possibility exists that a state conviction has placed a restraint on his liberty.
See Passarella, 891 S.W.2d at 622. The appellant's Tennessee convictions
were subsequently used to enhance his current federal sentence, and, thus,
placed a "restraint" upon his liberty. This issue is without merit.
Next, the appellant contends that, due to his confinement in the federal
correction facility, he was "without access to the Tennessee Code Annotated,"
therefore, he was unaware of the three year limitation period. Lack of knowledge
does not excuse late filings. Skinner v. State, No. 02C01-9403-CC-00039 (Tenn.
Crim. App. at Jackson, July 13, 1994), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Oct. 10,
1994) (citing Willis v. State, No. 01C01-9211-CR-00359 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
Nashville, Oct. 21, 1993), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Mar. 7, 1994)). This
contention is also without merit.
We also reject the appellant's argument that the new Post-Conviction
Procedure Act, effective May 10, 1995, grants an additional one year period, until
May 10, 1996, to file a post-conviction petition. A consensus of this court agrees
that the new act does not revive previously time-barred post-conviction relief
claims. See, e.g., Wolfenbarger v. State, No. 03C01-9603-CC-00124 (Tenn.
Crim. App. at Knoxville, Apr. 1, 1997); Carter v. State, No. 01C01-9511-CC-
00398 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Feb. 13, 1997); Pendleton v. State, No.
01C01-9604-CR-00158 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville, Feb. 13, 1997); Blake v.
State, No. 03C01-9603-CR-00110 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, Feb. 12,
1997); Koprowski v. State, No. 03C01-9511-CC-00365 (Tenn. Crim. App. at
4 Knoxville, Jan. 28, 1997). But see Carter v. State, No. 03C01-9509-CC-00270
(Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, July 11, 1996), perm. to appeal granted, (Tenn.
Dec. 2, 1996). Even though the instant petition was filed after the effective date
of the new Act, the applicable three year statute of limitations barred the
appellant post-conviction relief prior to May 10, 1995. The 1995 Act will not
revive a claim which is already time-barred.
Finally, we summarily reject the appellant's contentions that (1) application
of the three year statute of limitations to his pre-1986 convictions is
unconstitutional, see State v. Masucci, 754 S.W.2d 90 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988);
and (2) the three year statute of limitations procedurally denied him his
constitutional rights because he was unaware of his ground for post-conviction
relief, see Brown v. State, 928 S.W.2d 453, 457 (Tenn. Crim. App.), perm. to
appeal denied, (Tenn. 1996).
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court and hold that the
appellant's petition for post-conviction relief is time-barred by the applicable three
year statute of limitations.
____________________________________ DAVID G. HAYES, Judge
CONCUR:
_______________________________ JERRY L. SMITH, Judge
______________________________
5 THOMAS T. WOODALL, Judge