State v. Jeune

409 S.E.2d 919, 104 N.C. App. 388, 1991 N.C. App. LEXIS 1053
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedNovember 5, 1991
DocketNo. 9027SC1329
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 409 S.E.2d 919 (State v. Jeune) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Jeune, 409 S.E.2d 919, 104 N.C. App. 388, 1991 N.C. App. LEXIS 1053 (N.C. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinions

EAGLES, Judge.

I

In his first assignment of error the defendant argues that the trial court committed prejudicial error by failing to grant his motion to join his trial with the trial of his brother, Frederick Jeune. We find no prejudicial error.

It is a well settled rule of law in this jurisdiction that the decision whether to try the defendants separately or jointly is ordinarily within the sound discretion of the trial judge and, absent an abuse of that discretion, will not be overturned on appeal. State v. Slade, 291 N.C. 275, 229 S.E.2d 921 (1976); State v. Brower, 289 N.C. 644, 224 S.E.2d 551 (1976); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277, 168 S.E.2d 492 (1968).

State v. Boykin, 307 N.C. 87, 90, 296 S.E.2d 258, 260 (1982).

Here, the defendant contends that he was denied a fair trial because his brother was acquitted of the charges of raping and [391]*391kidnapping Mrs. Ward in a separate trial. However, the defendant has failed to include anything in the record from which we could determine that the trial court abused its discretion by denying the defendant’s motion to consolidate the two trials. This assignment is overruled.

II

The defendant next argues that his rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments have been violated. Specifically, the defendant claims the trial court erred by failing to grant a mistrial on its own motion when a State’s witness served as bailiff during a portion of the trial. We agree.

Initially, we note that the State argues that defendant’s appeal on this issue should be dismissed because the defendant failed to properly preserve the question for appellate review. Assuming, arguendo, that the defendant failed to properly preserve this issue,

[t]his Court may, . . . pass upon constitutional questions not properly raised below in the exercise of its supervisory jurisdiction. Rule 2 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure; Rice v. Rigsby, 259 N.C. 506, 131 S.E.2d 469 (1963).

State v. Elam, 302 N.C. 157, 161, 273 S.E.2d 661, 664 (1981). See also State v. O’Neal, 77 N.C. App. 600, 604, 335 S.E.2d 920, 923 (1985). In our discretion, we choose to address defendant’s constitutional claims.

Deputy David Carpenter, an investigating officer, testified concerning the condition of the car in which the defendant and Mrs. Ward had intercourse. He testified that there were scuff marks on the “driver’s side, rear passenger door window[,]” and that they “could be made by [a] small narrow [shoe] heel” like the one Mrs. Ward was wearing. He also testified that the back seat was displaced and that he found an earring underneath the back seat of the car. Mrs. Ward testified and identified the earring: “That’s my earring I had on that night.”

During the trial, Deputy Carpenter also acted as bailiff. After defense counsel brought this to the attention of the trial judge, the judge asked Deputy Carpenter what he had done. Deputy Carpenter told the judge that he had “held the gate open” for the jury; “opened the jury room door”; and “told them to take their seats and sit down.” Deputy Carpenter also said that he [392]*392had acted as bailiff because he “was instructed by the sheriff to assist in the courtroom.”

Though during trial defendant did not move for a mistrial, defendant argues that Deputy Carpenter’s actions conveyed an appearance of impropriety which standing alone so affronts the traditional notions of due process and a fair trial that the defendant should be entitled to a new trial. Defendant relies on State v. Mettrick, 305 N.C. 383, 289 S.E.2d 354 (1982) and State v. Wilson, 314 N.C. 653, 336 S.E.2d 76 (1985). The State, however, argues the defendant is not entitled to a new trial and relies on the earlier Supreme Court decision in State v. Macon, 276 N.C. 466,173 S.E.2d 286 (1970). After careful examination of these competing precedents, we agree with the defendant.

In Macon, two State witnesses, both Deputy Sheriffs, served as courtroom bailiffs over the defendant’s objection. Macon, 276 N.C. at 470, 173 S.E.2d at 288. The Supreme Court stated, “a State’s witness is disqualified to act as custodian or officer in charge of the jury in a criminal case. . . . Under such circumstances prejudice is conclusively presumed.” Id. at 473, 173 S.E.2d at 290. However, after applying the facts of the case to the then existing case law, the Supreme Court held:

The exposure of the jury to these bailiffs was brief, incidental, and without legal significance. Hence, defendant not only fails to show actual prejudice —he fails to show circumstances affording any reasonable ground upon which to attack the fairness of the trial or the integrity of the verdict. The only service of the bailiffs to the jurors was in “opening the door to send them out or call them in as occasion required.” We hold on the facts in this record that defendant received a fair trial in a fair tribunal in keeping with basic requirements of Due Process. There is nothing to support the contention that his constitutional rights under thé Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments have been violated.

Id.

Were Macon our only precedent our decision would be different, but twelve years later in State v. Mettrick, 305 N.C. 383, 289 S.E.2d 354 (1982), the Supreme Court again addressed the issue. In Mettrick, the Ashe County trial court ordered that a special venire of jurors be brought from another county. Id. at 384, 289 [393]*393S.E.2d at 355. The Ashe County sheriff and one of his deputies transported the prospective jurors in two activity buses to Ashe County. After the jury was selected, the sheriff and his deputy continued to transport the jurors daily between counties. Id. Both officers were State’s witnesses.

The Supreme Court stated:

We have previously held that, where a witness for the State acts as a custodian or officer in charge of the jury in a criminal case, prejudice is conclusively presumed. State v. Macon, 276 N.C. 466, 473, 173 S.E.2d 286, 290 (1970); Compare Turner v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 466, 13 L.Ed. 2d 424, 85 S.Ct. 546 (1965). In such cases the appearance of a fair trial before an impartial jury is as important as the fact of such a trial. The integrity of our system of trial by jury is at stake.

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Related

State v. Sessoms
458 S.E.2d 200 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1995)
State v. Jeune
420 S.E.2d 406 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1992)

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Bluebook (online)
409 S.E.2d 919, 104 N.C. App. 388, 1991 N.C. App. LEXIS 1053, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-jeune-ncctapp-1991.