July 1 2009
DA 08-0197
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2009 MT 220N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
JAMES ARCHIE PATRICK III,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 05-0438 Honorable Susan P. Watters, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Penelope S. Strong, Attorney at Law; Billings, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; John Paulson, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Dennis Paxinos, Yellowstone County Attorney; Mark Murphy, Rod Souza, Deputy County Attorneys; Billings, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: June 17, 2009
Decided: June 30, 2009
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in
this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 On May 5, 2005, the Yellowstone County Attorney filed an Information charging
James Archie Patrick III (Patrick) with two counts of assault with a weapon, one count of
partner or family member assault, one count of intimidation, and one count of tampering
with a witness. The charges arose from an incident that occurred on March 28, 2005, at
Patrick’s apartment in Billings, during which Patrick assaulted his girlfriend, Maria
Martin, with a gun and a knife, beat her with his fists, and threatened to kill her children.
Patrick later fabricated a story about the incident for Maria to tell to the investigating
authorities.
¶3 Throughout the course of the protracted pretrial proceedings, five attorneys were
appointed by the District Court or retained by Patrick at various times to provide
representation in defense of the charges. Patrick, himself an attorney, was dissatisfied
with the services of each appointed or retained defense counsel, accused them of
ineffective assistance and misconduct, and eventually gave notice of his intent to
represent himself. On May 2, 2007, the District Court held a hearing to consider
2 Patrick’s request to proceed pro se. After confirming that Patrick’s waiver of the right to
counsel was made knowingly, voluntarily, and unequivocally, the court granted Patrick’s
request to represent himself and appointed attorney Raymond Kuntz as standby counsel.
¶4 Acting pro se, Patrick filed a motion and affidavit to disqualify the presiding
judge, Judge Susan Watters, for cause. This Court assigned Judge Joe Hegel to hear the
disqualification proceeding. On May 30, 2007, Judge Hegel conducted a hearing and
denied Patrick’s request to disqualify Judge Watters for cause.
¶5 Patrick filed numerous pretrial motions, including motions to suppress evidence,
to exclude other acts evidence, and to dismiss for lack of a speedy trial. The District
Court denied, in part, Patrick’s suppression motions, overruled Patrick’s objection to the
other acts evidence, and denied Patrick’s speedy trial motion.
¶6 A jury trial was held on October 22, 23, and 24, 2007. On the morning of the first
day of trial, the District Court conducted an inquiry into Patrick’s competence to stand
trial. The District Court’s inquiry was prompted by reports of Patrick’s self-inflicted
injuries at the jail the previous day. The District Court determined that Patrick was
competent to proceed to trial. On October 24, 2007, the jury found Patrick guilty of all
five charges.
¶7 On February 20, 2008, the District Court sentenced Patrick to consecutive prison
terms totaling 61 years. The District Court’s written judgment was filed March 25, 2008.
Patrick filed a notice of appeal on April 16, 2008.
¶8 Patrick raises the following issues on appeal:
3 ¶9 1. Did the District Court deny Patrick his constitutional right to counsel, due
process, and human dignity during competency proceedings in this case?
¶10 2. Was Patrick’s right to counsel and to proceed pro se impossibly intermingled,
such that he was denied due process of law and a fair trial?
¶11 3. Was Patrick denied his day in District Court and due process with regard to his
motion to disqualify Judge Watters?
¶12 4. Did the District Court err in denying the motion to suppress the third search
warrant?
¶13 5. Was Patrick’s right to a speedy trial violated?
¶14 6. Was Patrick denied a fair trial, and did plain error ensue, when improper expert
testimony and prejudicial other crimes evidence was admitted at trial?
¶15 7. Did the District Court err by imposing a sentence of 61 years?
DISCUSSION
¶16 The District Court concluded Patrick’s self-inflicted injuries on the eve of trial,
without more, did not raise a sufficient doubt as to his fitness to stand trial that would
require the District Court to conduct a statutory competency hearing and to appoint
counsel for Patrick. State v. Bartlett, 282 Mont. 114, 120-21, 935 P.2d 1114, 1118
(1997). The District Court’s inquiry into Patrick’s competency was adequate to confirm
that Patrick had a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings.
¶17 The District Court’s rulings with respect to Patrick’s right to counsel and to self-
representation were well within the court’s discretion. The rulings were consistent with
4 this Court’s precedent. Halley v. State, 2008 MT 193, 344 Mont. 37, 186 P.3d 859. The
District Court made reasonable efforts to accommodate Patrick’s various requests
regarding his representation, including the assistance of standby counsel, and Patrick’s
rights to due process and a fair trial were fully protected.
¶18 Patrick’s motion to disqualify the presiding judge for cause was properly
considered and denied. Patrick had sufficient notice and a full opportunity to present his
argument for disqualification, and the proceedings complied with the requirements of due
process.
¶19 The District Court correctly denied Patrick’s motion to suppress the evidence
seized from his laptop computer. The search warrant was supported by probable cause to
believe that the computer contained evidence relevant to the charge of witness tampering.
¶20 The District Court correctly applied the Ariegwe/Barker test in an exhaustive
analysis of Patrick’s motion to dismiss for denial of the right to a speedy trial.
¶21 The District Court did not abuse its discretion with respect to its rulings on the
admission of other acts evidence and expert testimony on domestic violence. The
evidence of Patrick’s previous assault was offered for the proper purpose of establishing
notice, and the expert testimony assisted the jury in understanding the evidence.
¶22 The District Court imposed a legal sentence within statutory parameters, and
Patrick’s arguments concerning the equity of the sentence must be presented to the
Sentence Review Division.
5 ¶23 We review for an abuse of discretion a district court’s decision concerning
appointment of counsel, State v.
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July 1 2009
DA 08-0197
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2009 MT 220N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
JAMES ARCHIE PATRICK III,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 05-0438 Honorable Susan P. Watters, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Penelope S. Strong, Attorney at Law; Billings, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; John Paulson, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Dennis Paxinos, Yellowstone County Attorney; Mark Murphy, Rod Souza, Deputy County Attorneys; Billings, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: June 17, 2009
Decided: June 30, 2009
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in
this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 On May 5, 2005, the Yellowstone County Attorney filed an Information charging
James Archie Patrick III (Patrick) with two counts of assault with a weapon, one count of
partner or family member assault, one count of intimidation, and one count of tampering
with a witness. The charges arose from an incident that occurred on March 28, 2005, at
Patrick’s apartment in Billings, during which Patrick assaulted his girlfriend, Maria
Martin, with a gun and a knife, beat her with his fists, and threatened to kill her children.
Patrick later fabricated a story about the incident for Maria to tell to the investigating
authorities.
¶3 Throughout the course of the protracted pretrial proceedings, five attorneys were
appointed by the District Court or retained by Patrick at various times to provide
representation in defense of the charges. Patrick, himself an attorney, was dissatisfied
with the services of each appointed or retained defense counsel, accused them of
ineffective assistance and misconduct, and eventually gave notice of his intent to
represent himself. On May 2, 2007, the District Court held a hearing to consider
2 Patrick’s request to proceed pro se. After confirming that Patrick’s waiver of the right to
counsel was made knowingly, voluntarily, and unequivocally, the court granted Patrick’s
request to represent himself and appointed attorney Raymond Kuntz as standby counsel.
¶4 Acting pro se, Patrick filed a motion and affidavit to disqualify the presiding
judge, Judge Susan Watters, for cause. This Court assigned Judge Joe Hegel to hear the
disqualification proceeding. On May 30, 2007, Judge Hegel conducted a hearing and
denied Patrick’s request to disqualify Judge Watters for cause.
¶5 Patrick filed numerous pretrial motions, including motions to suppress evidence,
to exclude other acts evidence, and to dismiss for lack of a speedy trial. The District
Court denied, in part, Patrick’s suppression motions, overruled Patrick’s objection to the
other acts evidence, and denied Patrick’s speedy trial motion.
¶6 A jury trial was held on October 22, 23, and 24, 2007. On the morning of the first
day of trial, the District Court conducted an inquiry into Patrick’s competence to stand
trial. The District Court’s inquiry was prompted by reports of Patrick’s self-inflicted
injuries at the jail the previous day. The District Court determined that Patrick was
competent to proceed to trial. On October 24, 2007, the jury found Patrick guilty of all
five charges.
¶7 On February 20, 2008, the District Court sentenced Patrick to consecutive prison
terms totaling 61 years. The District Court’s written judgment was filed March 25, 2008.
Patrick filed a notice of appeal on April 16, 2008.
¶8 Patrick raises the following issues on appeal:
3 ¶9 1. Did the District Court deny Patrick his constitutional right to counsel, due
process, and human dignity during competency proceedings in this case?
¶10 2. Was Patrick’s right to counsel and to proceed pro se impossibly intermingled,
such that he was denied due process of law and a fair trial?
¶11 3. Was Patrick denied his day in District Court and due process with regard to his
motion to disqualify Judge Watters?
¶12 4. Did the District Court err in denying the motion to suppress the third search
warrant?
¶13 5. Was Patrick’s right to a speedy trial violated?
¶14 6. Was Patrick denied a fair trial, and did plain error ensue, when improper expert
testimony and prejudicial other crimes evidence was admitted at trial?
¶15 7. Did the District Court err by imposing a sentence of 61 years?
DISCUSSION
¶16 The District Court concluded Patrick’s self-inflicted injuries on the eve of trial,
without more, did not raise a sufficient doubt as to his fitness to stand trial that would
require the District Court to conduct a statutory competency hearing and to appoint
counsel for Patrick. State v. Bartlett, 282 Mont. 114, 120-21, 935 P.2d 1114, 1118
(1997). The District Court’s inquiry into Patrick’s competency was adequate to confirm
that Patrick had a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings.
¶17 The District Court’s rulings with respect to Patrick’s right to counsel and to self-
representation were well within the court’s discretion. The rulings were consistent with
4 this Court’s precedent. Halley v. State, 2008 MT 193, 344 Mont. 37, 186 P.3d 859. The
District Court made reasonable efforts to accommodate Patrick’s various requests
regarding his representation, including the assistance of standby counsel, and Patrick’s
rights to due process and a fair trial were fully protected.
¶18 Patrick’s motion to disqualify the presiding judge for cause was properly
considered and denied. Patrick had sufficient notice and a full opportunity to present his
argument for disqualification, and the proceedings complied with the requirements of due
process.
¶19 The District Court correctly denied Patrick’s motion to suppress the evidence
seized from his laptop computer. The search warrant was supported by probable cause to
believe that the computer contained evidence relevant to the charge of witness tampering.
¶20 The District Court correctly applied the Ariegwe/Barker test in an exhaustive
analysis of Patrick’s motion to dismiss for denial of the right to a speedy trial.
¶21 The District Court did not abuse its discretion with respect to its rulings on the
admission of other acts evidence and expert testimony on domestic violence. The
evidence of Patrick’s previous assault was offered for the proper purpose of establishing
notice, and the expert testimony assisted the jury in understanding the evidence.
¶22 The District Court imposed a legal sentence within statutory parameters, and
Patrick’s arguments concerning the equity of the sentence must be presented to the
Sentence Review Division.
5 ¶23 We review for an abuse of discretion a district court’s decision concerning
appointment of counsel, State v. Rose, 2009 MT 4, 348 Mont. 291, 202 P.3d 749, and
evidentiary rulings, including rulings on the admission of other acts evidence and expert
testimony. State v. Clark, 2008 MT 419, 347 Mont. 354, 198 P.3d 809. We review a
district court’s findings of competence to determine whether substantial evidence
supports the district court’s decision that the defendant was fit to proceed to trial. State v.
McCarthy, 2004 MT 312, 324 Mont. 1, 101 P.3d 288.
¶24 We review the denial of a motion to suppress and denial of a motion to dismiss for
lack of a speedy trial to determine whether the District Court’s findings of fact are clearly
erroneous and whether the court’s interpretation and application of the law are correct.
State v. Cotterell, 2008 MT 409, 347 Mont. 231, 198 P.3d 254; State v. Billman, 2008
MT 326, 346 Mont. 118, 194 P.3d 58. We review criminal sentences for legality only.
Equitable sentencing claims must be presented to the Sentence Review Division. State v.
Baker, 2008 MT 396, 347 Mont. 159, 197 P.3d 1001.
¶25 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of
our 1996 Internal Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, which provides for
memorandum opinions. It is manifest on the face of the briefs and record before us that
substantial evidence supports the District Court’s findings of fact and that the District
Court’s legal conclusions were correct.
¶26 Affirmed.
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
6 We concur:
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS /S/ JIM RICE /S/ PATRICIA COTTER /S/ JAMES C. NELSON