State v. Hutto

349 So. 2d 318
CourtSupreme Court of Louisiana
DecidedJuly 1, 1977
Docket59341
StatusPublished
Cited by65 cases

This text of 349 So. 2d 318 (State v. Hutto) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hutto, 349 So. 2d 318 (La. 1977).

Opinion

349 So.2d 318 (1977)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Earl HUTTO.

No. 59341.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

July 1, 1977.
Rehearing Denied September 2, 1977.

*319 James B. O'Neill, Zwolle, for defendant-appellant.

William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen., James L. Davis, Dist. Atty., Herman L. Lawson, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

*320 MARCUS, Justice.

Earl Hutto and Rocky Tyler were charged in the same bill of information with aggravated criminal damage to property in violation of La.R.S. 14:55.[1] After trial by jury, Hutto was found guilty as charged and was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor. On appeal, defendant relies on three assignments of error for reversal of his conviction and sentence.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

Defendant contends that the trial judge erred in denying his motion for a mistrial made during the voir dire examination of the prospective juror, W. A. Barnard.

On voir dire examination of Barnard by the state, Barnard indicated that, although he had heard rumors about the case which were circulating among the residents of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, where the crime was allegedly committed, he had no preconceived notion of defendant's guilt or innocence. After completion of examination by the state, the prospective juror was examined by defense counsel who delved into what Barnard had heard about the case. After in-depth questioning by defense counsel, Barnard candidly admitted that defendant was rumored to be the individual who had fired a shot at a house occupied by Jere Gregory and his family. Immediately, defense counsel challenged the prospective juror for cause which challenge was allowed by the trial judge. Defendant then moved for a mistrial arguing that Barnard's statement uttered in the presence of other prospective jurors was so prejudicial as to make it impossible for him to obtain a fair trial. The trial judge denied the motion. No admonition was requested by defense counsel.

Voir dire examination of prospective jurors is designed to discover bases for challenges for cause and to secure information for an intelligent exercise of peremptory challenges. State v. Ford, 349 So.2d 300 (La.1977); State v. Sheppard, 263 La. 379, 268 So.2d 590 (1972). The questions propounded by defense counsel to the prospective juror in the instant case were designed to ferret out any potential adverse influence on Barnard's ability to render an impartial verdict. Although the prospective juror's candid response provided a justifiable basis for the exercise of a challenge for cause, it did not warrant the declaration of a mistrial. Mistrial is a drastic remedy to be sparingly granted and is only authorized in specified instances where unnecessary prejudice results to an accused. State v. Governor, 331 So.2d 443 (La.1976); State v. Sylvester, 298 So.2d 807 (La.1974); State v. Clouatre, 262 La. 651, 264 So.2d 595 (1972). No showing was made that the response of the excused juror to the inquiry of defense counsel affected the other jurors. Nor do we find that any undue prejudice resulted therefrom. We consider that the prospective juror's response was an honest and frank answer to defense questions directed toward discovering partiality or bias on the part of the juror. Therefore, the trial judge did not err in denying defendant's motion for a mistrial.

Assignment of Error No. 1 is without merit.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

Defendant contends that the trial judge erred in denying his motion for a mistrial based upon the reference of a state witness in her testimony to another crime committed by defendant.

At trial, the state called to the stand Mrs. Jere L. Gregory, an occupant of the house which was damaged by a shotgun blast fired through a kitchen window. On direct examination, the following colloquy occurred:

Q. Do you know the Defendant, Earl Hutto?
A. I didn't know him until the night before he robbed our store.

*321 Immediately, defense counsel objected to the witness' remark and moved for a mistrial or, in the alternative, an admonition to the jury to disregard the statement. After the jury was removed from the courtroom, defense counsel asserted that, although the "remark was certainly not solicited by the [s]tate," it should be attributed to the prosecution since the witness was under the control of the state. Therefore, it was argued, the remark constituted a prohibited reference to another crime attributable to the state thereby mandating a mistrial under La.Code Crim.P. art. 770. In opposition to the motion for a mistrial, the state argued, inter alia, that the witness' remark was not within the scope of La.Code Crim.P. art. 770, but rather that La.Code Crim.P. art. 771 was the applicable article. Accordingly, an admonition would be sufficient to dispel any prejudice which might have resulted. After a brief recess, the trial judge denied the motion concluding that any prejudicial effect of the remark could be sufficiently corrected by an admonition to the jury to disregard the witness' statement. The jury returned to the courtroom and was so instructed. No further mention of the robbery was made thereafter during trial.

A direct or indirect reference to another crime committed or alleged to have been committed by defendant, as to which evidence would not be admissible, made within the hearing of the jury by the judge, district attorney or a court official, during trial or in argument, would require a mistrial on motion of defendant. La.Code Crim.P. art. 770(2). However, Mrs. Gregory was not a "court official," therefore article 770 does not apply. Rather, the applicable provision is La.Code Crim.P. art. 771. State v. Hardy, 344 So.2d 1018 (La.1977); State v. Jones, 332 So.2d 466 (La.1976); State v. Lepkowski, 316 So.2d 727 (La.1975); State v. Clark, 288 So.2d 612 (La.1974).

La.Code Crim.P. art. 771 provides in pertinent part:

In the following cases, upon the request of the defendant or the state, the court shall promptly admonish the jury to disregard a remark or comment made during the trial, or in argument within the hearing of the jury, when the remark is irrelevant or immaterial and of such a nature that it might create prejudice against the defendant, or the state, in the mind of the jury:
. . . . .
(2) When the remark or comment is made by a witness or person other than the judge, district attorney, or a court official, regardless of whether the remark or comment is within the scope of Article 770.
In such cases, on motion of the defendant, the court may grant a mistrial if it is satisfied that an admonition is not sufficient to assure the defendant a fair trial.

In the instant case, by defense counsel's own admission, the reference to another crime was not deliberately obtained by the design of the prosecutor to prejudice the rights of defendant. Furthermore, the witness' remark went beyond the scope of the question propounded to her as to her knowledge of defendant, an inquiry which called for a simple affirmative or negative response. Her remark was therefore unsolicited and unresponsive to the prosecutor's question. Unsolicited and unresponsive testimony is not chargeable against the state to provide a ground for the reversal of a conviction. State v. Hardy, supra; State v. Davis, 339 So.2d 825 (La.1976); State v. Jones, supra; State v. Luneau,

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Bluebook (online)
349 So. 2d 318, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hutto-la-1977.