State v. Hudson

245 So. 3d 277
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedNovember 15, 2017
DocketNo. 51,689–KA
StatusPublished

This text of 245 So. 3d 277 (State v. Hudson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hudson, 245 So. 3d 277 (La. Ct. App. 2017).

Opinion

BLEICH, J. (Pro Tempore )

This criminal appeal arises from the 26th Judicial District Court, Webster Parish, Louisiana. In 1980, Jerome Hudson was convicted of second degree murder, a violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1, and sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. Hudson appealed directly to the Louisiana Supreme Court, which affirmed Hudson's conviction and sentence. On August 8, 2016, pursuant to Miller v. Alabama , 567 U.S. 460, 132 S.Ct. 2455, 183 L.Ed.2d 407 (2012), and Montgomery v. Louisiana , 577 U.S. ----, 136 S.Ct. 718, 193 L.Ed. 2d 599 (2016), Hudson was resentenced to life imprisonment with benefit of parole. This appeal followed. For the following reasons, we affirm Hudson's conviction and amend the sentence.

FACTS

On October 18, 1979, Jerome Hudson, then a 16-year-old high school student, informed Mr. Garfield Lewis and his wife that they had been selected by a school *279club in Springhill to receive free groceries and gasoline as part of the club's project to assist older persons in the community. The next morning Hudson arrived at the Lewis home and left with Mr. Lewis in his car to pick up the prizes. Later that day, Hudson returned to the Lewis home alone, and told Mrs. Lewis he had left Mr. Lewis in town.

Mrs. Lewis went into town to look for her husband, but when she could not find him, reported his disappearance to the police. Mrs. Lewis told the police about the school project and that her husband was last seen driving off with Hudson. She also informed the police that she noticed Hudson was wearing different pants when he returned to her house later in the day.

During the police investigation, officers found a pair of pants in Hudson's room at his parents' home with a red stain, and also found a butcher knife in one of the pockets of those pants. During questioning, Hudson initially stated that Mr. Lewis had gotten into a fight with a man who had flagged him down while they were driving on the highway. Hudson led police to the alleged scene of the fight where they found Mr. Lewis' body. After further questioning, Hudson admitted to killing Mr. Lewis.1

A bill of indictment was filed charging Hudson, who was under the age of 18 at the time, with second degree murder. Hudson entered a plea of not guilty. Motions to suppress physical evidence were denied by the trial court. A three-day trial commenced on April 22, 1980, after which the jury found Hudson guilty of second degree murder. The trial court sentenced Hudson to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. The Louisiana Supreme Court affirmed Hudson's conviction and sentence on appeal.

On February 28, 2013, Hudson filed a pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to Miller, supra. Upon motion by the state, the trial court stayed the matter pending a ruling by the Louisiana Supreme Court regarding the issue of the retroactivity of Miller. In 2016, Hudson amended his motion to incorporate the ruling in Montgomery v. Louisiana, supra.

On August 8, 2016, the trial court resentenced Hudson to "life imprisonment with the benefit of parole." Hudson appealed his new sentence to the Louisiana Supreme Court, which remanded Hudson's appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeal on the basis that this Court now has appellate jurisdiction over Hudson's appeal.2

DISCUSSION

Hudson urges three assignments of error on appeal, all of which involve the constitutionality of his sentence. Those assignments are addressed without distinction, and summarily dismissed as meritless.

The law in effect at the time of the commission of the offense is determinative of the penalty which the convicted accused must suffer. Massey v. Louisiana Dep't of Pub. Safety & Corr. , 2013-2789 (La. 10/15/14), 149 So.3d 780, 783. For those offenders convicted of second degree murder in Louisiana, the law provides for a sentence of life imprisonment at hard labor *280without the benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. La. R.S. 14:30.1(B).

In Miller , supra , the United States Supreme Court held that the Eighth Amendment forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life in prison without possibility of parole for juvenile offenders. However, Miller did not establish a categorical prohibition against life imprisonment at hard labor without parole for juvenile homicide offenders; instead, it requires the sentencing court to consider an offender's youth and attendant characteristics as mitigating circumstances before deciding whether to impose the harshest penalty for juveniles convicted of a homicide offense. State v. Keith , 51,389 (La. App. 2 Cir. 06/21/17), 223 So.3d 767. The Miller decision drew a distinction between children whose crimes reflect transient immaturity and those whose crimes reflect irreparable corruption. Miller , supra , 567 U.S. at 479-80, 132 S.Ct. at 2469 ; State v. Calhoun , 51,337 (La. App. 2 Cir. 05/17/17), 222 So.3d 903.

The Louisiana Supreme Court in State v. Montgomery, supra , held that courts should utilize La. C. Cr. P. art. 878.1 and La. R.S. 15:574.4(E) when reviewing sentences for juvenile homicide defendants sentenced before Miller. Those statutes require a trial court to conduct a hearing before imposing a life without parole sentence on a juvenile homicide offender. State v. Keith, supra ; State v. Calhoun , supra.

Recently, the Louisiana Legislature amended La. C. Cr. P. art. 878.1 and La. R.S. 15:574.4. See Acts 2017, No. 277, effective August 1, 2017. Louisiana C. Cr. P. art. 878.1(B)(1), now states, in pertinent part:

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Related

Weaver v. Graham
450 U.S. 24 (Supreme Court, 1981)
State v. Craig
340 So. 2d 191 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1976)
State v. Hudson
404 So. 2d 460 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1981)
State v. Shaffer
77 So. 3d 939 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 2011)
Paul Massey v. Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections
149 So. 3d 780 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 2014)
Miller v. Alabama
132 S. Ct. 2455 (Supreme Court, 2012)
Montgomery v. Louisiana
577 U.S. 190 (Supreme Court, 2016)
State v. Graham
171 So. 3d 272 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2015)
State v. Williams
186 So. 3d 242 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2016)
State v. Foster
194 So. 3d 674 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2016)
State v. Calhoun
222 So. 3d 903 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2017)
State v. Keith
223 So. 3d 767 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2017)
State v. Leason
77 So. 3d 933 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 2011)

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Bluebook (online)
245 So. 3d 277, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hudson-lactapp-2017.