State v. Herrera-Reyes

2025 Ohio 37

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: January 8, 2025
• Docket: 24-COA-010
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Herrera-Reyes, 2025-Ohio-37.]

COURT OF APPEALS ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO, : JUDGES: : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. -vs- : : AMADO HERRERA-REYES aka : Case No. 24-COA-010 AMADO HERRERA REYES, : : Defendant - Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 23-CRI-043

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: January 8, 2025

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

CHRISTOPHER TUNNELL BRIAN A. SMITH Ashland County Prosecutor Brian A. Smith Law Firm, LLC 123 South Miller Road, Suite 250 ANDRES R. PEREZ Fairlawn, Ohio 44333 Ashland County Assistant Prosecutor 110 Cottage Street, Third Floor Ashland, Ohio 44805 Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 2

Baldwin, J.

{¶1} The appellant, Amado Hererra-Reyes, appeals his sentence in the Ashland

County Court of Common Pleas for his convictions on one count of Gross Sexual

Imposition in violation of R.C. §2907.05(A)(1), one count of Pandering Obscenity

Involving a Minor or Impaired Person in violation of R.C. §2907.321(A)(1), one count of

Illegal Use of Minor or Impaired Person in Nudity-Oriented Material or Performance in

violation of R.C. §2907.323(A)(2), one count of Endangering Children in violation of R.C.

§2919.22(B)(5), and Tampering with Evidence in violation of R.C. 2921.12(A)(1).

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND THE CASE

{¶2} On February 7, 2023, fifteen-year-old Jane Doe disclosed to a school

counselor that the appellant was molesting her. Jane Doe told the investigating detective

that the appellant would touch her vagina beneath her clothing at night. It happened over

ten times over the span of four to five years. The appellant consented to a search of his

cell phone, which produced ten nude photos of Jane Doe that were deleted the day the

police confronted the appellant.

{¶3} On February 17, 2023, the appellant was indicted on two counts of Gross

Sexual Imposition in violation of R.C. §2907.05(A)(1), six counts of Pandering Obscenity

Involving a Minor or Impaired Person in violation of R.C. §2907.321(A)(1), four counts of

Illegal Use of Minor or Impaired Person in Nudity-Oriented Material or Performance in

violation of R.C. §2907.323(A)(2), one count of Possessing Criminal Tools in violation of

R.C. §2923.24(A), one count of Endangering Children in violation of R.C. §2919.22(B)(5),

and one count Tampering with Evidence in violation of R.C. 2921.12(A)(1). Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 3

{¶4} On February 23, 2023, the appellant entered a Plea of Not Guilty by Reason

of Insanity and Competency to Stand Trial.

{¶5} On September 5, 2023, upon receiving the expert report from District V

Forensic Diagnostic Center, which was stipulated to by the appellant, the trial court found

the appellant competent to stand trial.

{¶6} On November 20, 2023, the appellant entered a plea of guilty to one count

of Gross Sexual Imposition in violation of R.C. §2907.05(A)(1), one count of Pandering

Obscenity Involving a Minor or Impaired Person in violation of R.C. §2907.321(A)(1), one

count of Illegal Use of Minor or Impaired Person in Nudity-Oriented Material or

Performance in violation of R.C. §2907.323(A)(2), one count of Endangering Children in

violation of R.C. §2919.22(B)(5), and Tampering with Evidence in violation of R.C.

2921.12(A)(1).

{¶7} On February 15, 2024, the trial court sentenced the appellant to eighteen

months in prison for Gross Sexual Imposition, eight to twelve years in prison for Pandering

Obscenity Involving a Minor or Impaired Person, six to nine years in prison for Illegal Use

of Minor or Impaired Person in Nudity-Oriented Material or Performance, six to nine years

in prison for Endangering Children, and thirty months in prison for Tampering with

Evidence. Sentences for Gross Sexual Imposition, Pandering Obscenity Involving a Minor

or Impaired Person, Illegal Use of Minor or Impaired Person in Nudity-Oriented Material

or Performance, and Endangering Children are to run consecutive to each other and

concurrent to Tampering with Evidence.

{¶8} The appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and raised the following three

assignments of error: Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 4

{¶9} “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR IN FAILING TO

MERGE COUNTS THREE, NINE, AND THIRTEEN FOR PURPOSES OF SENTENCING

AS ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT PURSUANT TO R.C. 2941.25, IN

VIOLATION OF APPELLANT’S RIGHT AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY UNDER THE

FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES

CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.”

{¶10} “II. THE FAILURE OF APPELLANT’S TRIAL COUNSEL TO SEEK

MERGER OF COUNTS THREE, NINE, AND THIRTEEN FOR PURPOSES OF

SENTENCING, AS ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT PURSUANT TO R.C.

2941.25, CONSTITUTED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL, IN VIOLATION

OF APPELLANT’S RIGHT TO COUNSEL UNDER THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH

AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION

10 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.”

{¶11} “III. THE TRIAL COURT’S IMPOSITION OF CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES

UNDER R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) WAS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD.”

I.

{¶12} In the appellant’s first assignment of error, the appellant argues the trial

court erred by failing to merge counts three, nine, and thirteen for purposes of sentencing.

We disagree.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

{¶13} Appellate review of an allied-offense question is de novo. State v. Miku,

2018-Ohio-1584 (5th Dist.), ¶70, citing State v. Williams, 2012-Ohio-5699, ¶12. Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 5

ANALYSIS

{¶14} R.C. §2941.25 protects a criminal defendant’s rights under the Double

Jeopardy Clauses of the United States and Ohio Constitutions by prohibiting convictions

of allied offenses of similar import:

Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to

constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or

information may contain counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may

be convicted of only one.

Where the defendant’s conduct constitutes two or more offenses of

dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two or more offenses of

the same or similar kind committed separately or with a separate animus as

to each, the indictment or information may contain counts for all such

offenses, and the defendant may be convicted of all of them.

{¶15} The application of R.C. §2941.25 requires a review of the subjective facts

of the case in addition to the elements of the offenses charged. State v. Hughes, 2016-

Ohio-880 (5th Dist.), ¶22. In a plurality opinion, the Ohio Supreme Court modified the test

for determining whether offenses are allied offenses of similar import. State v. Johnson,

2010-Ohio-6314. The Court directed lower courts to look at the elements of the offenses

in question and determine “whether it is possible to commit one offense and the other

with the same conduct.” Id. at ¶48. If the answer is in the affirmative, the court must then

determine whether or not the offenses were committed by the same conduct. Id. at ¶49.

If the answer to the above two questions is yes, then the offenses are allied offenses of

similar import and will be merged. Id. at ¶50. If, however, the court determines that the Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 6

commission of one offense will never result in the commission of the other, or if there is

a separate animus for each offense, then the offenses will not merge. Id. at ¶51. The

“accused has the burden to demonstrate a reasonable probability that the convictions are

for allied offenses of similar import committed with the same conduct and without separate

animus[.]” State v. Rogers, 2015-Ohio-2459, ¶3.

{¶16} Johnson’s rationale has been described by the Supreme Court as

incomplete. State v. Earley, 2015-Ohio-4615, ¶11. The Ohio Supreme Court has further

instructed courts to ask three questions when considering whether a defendant’s conduct

supports multiple offenses: “(1) Were the offenses dissimilar in import or significance? (2)

Were they committed separately, and (3) Were they committed with separate animus or

motivation? An affirmative answer to any of the above will permit separate convictions.

The conduct, the animus, and the import must all be considered.” State v. Ruff, 2015-

Ohio-995, ¶31.

{¶17} The appellant did not raise the issue of merger at the trial court level. An

accused’s failure to raise the issue of allied offenses of similar import in the trial court

forfeits all but plain error, and a forfeited error is not reversible error unless it affected the

outcome of the proceeding and reversal is necessary to correct a manifest miscarriage of

justice. Rogers at ¶3. Accordingly, the accused has the burden to demonstrate a

reasonable probability that the convictions are for allied offenses of similar import

committed with the same conduct and without separate animus. Id. Absent such a

showing, the accused cannot demonstrate the trial court’s failure to inquire whether the

convictions merge for the purposes of sentencing was plain error. Id. Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 7

{¶18} The appellant appears to argue that the charges should all merge as they

were part of the same course of conduct and that the images were all taken on the same

date. However, there are distinct images in evidence for each count charged. Since this

Court has repeatedly held, “multiple convictions are allowed for each individual image

because a separate animus exists every time a separate image or file is downloaded and

saved.” State v. Ryan, 2018-Ohio-4739 (5th Dist.), ¶65; quoting State v. Starcher, 2015-

Ohio-5250 (5th Dist.), ¶35.

{¶19} Therefore, we find the trial court did not err in rejecting the appellant’s

argument the offenses merged, as each count represented an image or video and a

separate animus exists every time for each separate image or video.

{¶20} The appellant’s first assignment of error is overruled.

II.

{¶21} In the second assignment of error, the appellant argues trial counsel was

ineffective for not seeking merger of Counts Three, Nine, and Thirteen. We disagree.

{¶22} Our standard of review for ineffective assistance claims is set forth in

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Ohio

adopted this standard in the case of State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 (1989). These

cases require a two-pronged analysis in reviewing a claim for ineffective assistance of

counsel. First, we must determine whether counsel’s assistance was ineffective, i.e.,

whether counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable

representation and was violative of any of his or her essential duties to the client. If we

find ineffective assistance of counsel, we must then determine whether or not the defense Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 8

was actually prejudiced by counsel’s ineffectiveness such that the reliability of the

outcome of the trial is suspect. This requires a showing there is a reasonable probability

that but for counsel’s unprofessional error, the outcome of trial would have been different.

Id.

{¶23} Trial counsel is entitled to a strong presumption all decisions fall within the

wide range of reasonable professional assistance. State v. Sallie, 1998-Ohio-343. In

addition, the United States Supreme Court and the Ohio Supreme Court have held a

reviewing court “need not determine whether counsel’s performance was deficient before

examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged deficiencies.”

Bradley at 143, quoting Strickland at 697.

{¶24} The appellant argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue

Counts Three, Nine, and Thirteen should merge.

{¶25} As to the appellant’s argument regarding merger, as previously discussed,

we found that the counts do not merge. The appellant cannot, therefore, demonstrate

prejudice.

{¶26} Accordingly, the appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.

III.

{¶27} In the appellant’s third assignment of error, the appellant argues the trial

court’s imposition of consecutive sentences is not supported by the record. We disagree.

{¶28} We review felony sentences using the standard of review set forth in R.C.

¶2953.08. State v. Roberts, 2020-Ohio-6722 (5th Dist.), ¶13, citing State v. Marcum, 2016- Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 9

Ohio-1002. R.C. §2953.08(G)(2) provides we may either increase, reduce, modify, or

vacate a sentence and remand for resentencing where we clearly and convincingly find

either the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under R.C. §2929.13(B)

or (D), 2929.14(B)(2)(e) or (C)(4), or 2929(I), or the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.

Id. citing State v. Bonnell, 2014-Ohio-3177.

{¶29} “In Ohio, there is a statutory presumption in favor of concurrent sentences

for most felony sentences.” State v. Corbett, 2023-Ohio-556 (5th Dist.), ¶27. However, the

sentencing court may require a convicted offender of multiple offenses to service the

prison terms consecutively to one another if the court makes certain findings.

{¶30} R.C. §2929.14(C)(4) provides:

(4) If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of

multiple offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison

terms consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive sentence is

necessary to protect the public from future crime or punish the offender and

that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of

the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public,

and if the court also finds any of the following:

(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while

the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed

pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or

was under post-release control for a prior offense. Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 10

(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one

or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the

multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single

prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses

of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.

(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that

consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime

by the offender.

{¶31} Thus, the trial court must find that consecutive sentences are necessary to

protect the public from future crimes and to punish the offender. In addition, the court

must find that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the offender’s conduct

and the danger the offender poses to the public. Finally, the court must make at least one

of these three additional findings: (1) the offender committed one or more of the offenses

while awaiting trial or sentencing, while under a sanction imposed under R.C. §2929.16,

§2929.17, or §2929.18, or while under post-release control for a prior offense, (2) at least

two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more courses of conduct;

or (3) the offender’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive sentences are

necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender. See, State v. White,

2013-Ohio-2058, ¶36.

{¶32} “In order to impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court is

required to make findings mandated by R.C. §2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing

and incorporate its findings into its sentencing entry, but it has no obligation to state

reasons to support its findings.” State v. Bonnell, 2014-Ohio-3177, syllabus. In other Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 11

words, the sentencing court does not have to perform “a word-for-word recitation of the

language of the statue.” Id. at ¶29. Therefore, “as long as the reviewing court can discern

that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the record

contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should be upheld.” Id.

The trial court is not required “to give talismanic incantation of the words of the statute,

provided that the necessary findings can be found in the record and are incorporated into

the sentencing entry.” Id. ¶37.

{¶33} In the case sub judice, the trial court made the appropriate findings. In

addition, the record shows the appellant started abusing Jane Doe when she was ten or

eleven years old. The appellant was a trusted family member of the victim. Instead of

protecting Jane Doe, he repeatedly fondled her while she attempted to sleep. In addition,

he photographed his abuse and kept the pictures. The trial court noted that Jane Doe will

continue to suffer the appellant’s abuse for the rest of her life. We find that the trial court

did not err in sentencing the appellant to consecutive sentences.

{¶34} Accordingly, the appellant’s third assignment of error is overruled. Ashland County, Case No. 24-COA-010 12

CONCLUSION

{¶35} Based upon the foregoing, the decision of the Ashland County Court of

Common Pleas is, hereby, affirmed.

By: Baldwin, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

King, J. concur.