State v. Hernandez

636 P.2d 299, 97 N.M. 28
New Mexico Court of Appeals·Decided October 6, 1981·No. 5035·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinion

OPINION

WOOD, Judge.

The appeal involves a revocation of probation. We (1) identify two matters not involved in our decision, and discuss (2) the alleged waiver of a probation violation by the State; (3) credit on defendant’s sentence; and (4) extending the probation requirements.

Matters Not Involved

A plea and disposition agreement disposed of two district court cases. Defendant was to plead guilty to two burglaries; one burglary and three larceny charges were to be dismissed. Defendant was to be sentenced for the two burglaries to which he was to plead guilty; the sentence was to be suspended on condition that he serve ninety days in the county jail; while in the county jail, defendant was to be granted work release should he become employed and twenty-five percent of any money earned on work release was to be paid as restitution to defendant’s victims.

The trial court accepted the plea and disposition agreement but deferred sentence for twenty-four months rather than imposing sentence and then suspending it. There is no claim that a deferred, rather than suspended, sentence was a rejection of the plea and disposition agreement. See Eller v. State, 92 N.M. 52, 582 P.2d 824 (1978).

Although sentence was deferred, the trial court ordered that defendant serve ninety days in the county jail “for the purpose of rehabilitation,” with credit given for eleven days previously served, and with work release and restitution provisions as above stated. There is no claim that the provisions for jail time, work release and restitution to be paid from work release earnings were unauthorized probation conditions, or that these provisions were not reasonably related to defendant’s rehabilitation. Section 31-20-6(E), N.M.S.A.1978 (1981 Repl. Pamph.); State v. Gardner, 95 N.M. 171, 619 P.2d 847 (Ct.App.1980); State v. Holland, 91 N.M. 386, 574 P.2d 605 (Ct.App.1978). Nor is there a claim that revocation proceedings were barred because of the jail time provision. Thus, the applicability of State v. Castillo, 94 N.M. 352, 610 P.2d 756 (Ct.App.1980), which did not discuss § 31-20-6(E), supra, is not an issue.

Alleged Waiver of a Probation Violation

Defendant did obtain employment and was released from jail during the day in order to work. Defendant was laid off work on November 16, 1979. Learning of this, his probation officer spoke to defendant, by telephone, on November 21, 1979 and told defendant to return to jail. Defendant did not return; a bench warrant was issued for defendant’s arrest on December 4, 1979.

Although there was an all-points bulletin out on defendant, the warrant was never served. Local police picked up defendant on a disorderly conduct charge on March 15, 1980.

State v. Murray, 81 N.M. 445, 468 P.2d 416 (Ct.App.1970), states:

If there has been unreasonable delay in the issuance and execution of a warrant against a probation violator whose whereabouts is known or could be known with reasonable diligence, and the violator’s return is possible, the probation authorities, as a matter of law * * * have waived defendant’s violations.

Defendant sought dismissal of the motion to revoke his deferred sentence. He did not claim there was unreasonable delay in issuance of the warrant for his arrest. His claim was that the delay in his arrest “establishes the State’s waiver of the alleged probation violation.”

There is no evidence that any effort was made to serve the bench warrant. The probation officer testified that she asked the sheriff’s office “to bring him in” if defendant was seen in town, but this was on November 21, 1979, before the warrant was issued. There is evidence that defendant’s mother knew where defendant could be located but did not disclose that information to probation authorities. There is also evidence that defendant was looking for work in the area, that he slept in a sleeping bag behind the National Guard Armory and went to his mother’s house, about four blocks away, for food. In sum, a permissible inference from the evidence is that defendant’s whereabouts could have been known with reasonable diligence. For the purpose of this appeal we assume that this was the only inference.

Although defendant’s whereabouts could have been known if probation and police authorities had proceeded with reasonable diligence, this does not require a holding, as a matter of law, that the probation violation had been waived. Before waiver can occur, the delay must have been unreasonable.

Just as reasonable diligence is a factual matter, so is unreasonable delay. Only when these factual matters have been determined can waiver be decided as a matter of law. Reasonable diligence involves the activities of probation and law enforcement personnel. Delay, to be unreasonable, involves not only the time involved, but the effect of the delay upon defendant. Compare State v. Tafoya, 91 N.M. 121, 570 P.2d 1148 (Ct.App.1977); State v. Lucero, 91 N.M. 26, 569 P.2d 952 (Ct.App.1977). Thus, State v. Brown, 95 N.M. 3, 617 P.2d 1324 (Ct.App.1980) and State v. Sanchez, 94 N.M. 521, 612 P.2d 1332 (Ct.App.1980), in discussing delay, considered whether defendant had been prejudiced.

The evidence is that defendant knew that he was not supposed to be away from jail and “knew he had to face up.” His mother testified that defendant was hiding. Defendant does not claim that he has been prejudiced by the delay. Under these circumstances, the trial, court could properly consider the three-and-one-half-month delay not to be unreasonable.

Although the State did not proceed with reasonable diligence, there was no unreasonable delay. Thus, there was no waiver of the violation, and the trial court did not err in denying the motion to dismiss.

Credit on Defendant’s Sentence

The trial court revoked the deferred sentence on April 8, 1980. Thereafter, various matters delayed imposition of sentence — diagnostic evaluations, bail proceedings, an appeal. Defendant was sentenced on January 28, 1981; the sentence was suspended. As a condition of probation, defendant was required to serve nine months in the county jail, again “for the purposes of rehabilitation”, which was tied in with work release and restitution. The trial court’s order provides: “Credit is given for all time previously served whether with the Grant County Jail or with the Department of Corrections.”

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State v. Hernandez, 636 P.2d 299, 97 N.M. 28 (N.M. Ct. App. 1981).

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