State v. Hawes

730 S.E.2d 904, 399 S.C. 211
CourtCourt of Appeals of South Carolina
DecidedJuly 18, 2012
DocketAppellate Case No.2011-189167; No. 5001
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 730 S.E.2d 904 (State v. Hawes) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hawes, 730 S.E.2d 904, 399 S.C. 211 (S.C. Ct. App. 2012).

Opinion

FEW, C.J.

Alonzo Craig Hawes pled guilty to voluntary manslaughter for the death of his wife. The State appeals the circuit court’s decision to grant Hawes early parole eligibility under section 16-25-90 of the South Carolina Code (Supp.2011). We affirm.

I. Facts and Procedural History

Hawes and his wife were estranged in 2007 when he shot and killed her. He was indicted for murder but pled guilty to voluntary manslaughter. He also pled guilty to possession of a firearm during the commission of a violent crime. The circuit court sentenced Hawes to twenty-two years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and five years concurrent for possession of a firearm.

At the sentencing hearing, Hawes asserted section 16-25-90 applied to make him parole eligible after serving one-fourth of his voluntary manslaughter sentence. Section 16-25-90 states in part:

[A]n inmate who was convicted of, or pled guilty ... to, an offense against a household member is eligible for parole after serving one-fourth of his prison term when the inmate at the time he pled guilty ... presented credible evidence of a history of criminal domestic violence, as provided in Section 16-25-20, suffered at the hands of the household member.

Hawes presented the following evidence that he suffered criminal domestic violence (CDV) at the hands of his wife:

1. A 1996 municipal court conviction in which Hawes’ wife pled guilty to CDV against Hawes. Hawes was also convicted of CDV against her for the same incident.
[214]*2142. A separate CDY indictment, pending at the time of the 1996 incident, in which Hawes’ wife allegedly struck and kicked him.
8. A July 2006 CDV indictment stating she did “willfully or unlawfully cause or offer or attempt to cause physical harm or injury to his family or household member, to wit: Alonzo Craig Hawes, with apparent present ability under circumstances reasonably creating fear of imminent.peril.”
4. A November 2006 incident report stating Hawes called the police complaining about a domestic disturbance in which his wife had a knife. When the police arrived, Hawes was gone, and his wife denied anything “other than a verbal altercation” occurred.
5. A 2007 incident in which Hawes claimed his wife stabbed his hand. Hawes sought treatment at a hospital and told the doctor his wound resulted from a dirt bike accident.
6. Recordings of voicemail messages Hawes’ wife left on his cell phone and numerous arguments and conversations between them.1
7. The testimony of Brittany Roundtree, Hawes’ stepdaughter and his wife’s daughter, that Hawes and her mother argued a lot after her mother discovered him cheating on her. She said Hawes was the primary instigator of violence in the relationship and he “sometimes” “put his hand on” her mother.
8. The testimony of an expert in forensic psychiatry that Hawes described a history of mutual violence, “that he had certainly abused [his wife] in the past and she had also physically abused him in the past.”

[215]*215After weighing the evidence, the circuit court found Hawes satisfied the requirements of section 16-25-90 and granted him early parole eligibility.

II. The State’s Issue on Appeal

We address three issues on appeal: (1) the circuit court used the wrong definition of “a history” of CDV under section 16-25-90; (2) the court erroneously determined it was required to find Hawes presented a history of CDV based solely on his wife’s 1996 CDV conviction and 2006 CDV indictment; and (3) the legislature did not intend section 16-25-90 to reduce an inmate’s sentence when the CDV evidence presented demonstrated mutual domestic violence in which the inmate was the aggressor and primary instigator of the domestic violence.

It is questionable whether these issues are properly preserved and presented to this court. At the sentencing hearing, the State made arguments related to issues one and three, and the court addressed both points in its order. As to issue two, Hawes argued that his wife’s CDV conviction and indictment alone were sufficient to prove a history of CDV under section 16-25-90. The State argued in response that the statute required “a pattern of domestic violence,” presumably meaning more than one or two incidents. Because they are not clearly unpreserved, we address the merits of the issues. Cf. Atl. Coast Builders & Contractors, LLC v. Lewis, Op. No. 27044 (S.C. Sup.Ct. filed May 16, 2012) (Shearouse Adv. Sh. No. 17 at 15, 21) (“While it may be good practice for us to reach the merits of an issue when error preservation is doubtful, we should follow our longstanding precedent and resolve the issue on preservation grounds when it clearly is unpreserved.”).

As to the merits of the State’s appeal, we find the State has shown no error of law. As we will explain, there is evidence in the record to support the circuit court’s factual findings. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion and affirm. See State v. Blackwell-Selim, 392 S.C. 1, 3, 707 S.E.2d 426, 427-28 (2011) (per curiam) (stating on appeal from an early parole eligibility determination under section 16-25-90 that an appellate court may “not reevaluate the facts based on its own view [216]*216of the preponderance of the evidence but simply determines whether the trial judge’s ruling is supported by any evidence” and is “bound by factual findings of the trial court unless an abuse of discretion is shown”).

III. The Definition of “a history” Under Section 16-25-90

The State argues the circuit court used the wrong definition of the term “a history” of CDV in section 16-25-90. Because the statute does not define the term, the State asserts the definition should be determined based on legislative intent. In its brief, the State maintains the “clear legislative intent of section 16-25-90 is to provide mitigation of the sentence of someone who committed an offense against their household member after suffering domestic violence at the hands of the victim.” The State argues the court did not consider the legislative intent of section 16-25-90 but rather found the requirement to prove “a history” of CDV satisfied by one or two documented CDV incidents. We disagree with the State’s interpretation of the circuit court’s definition of the term “a history.”

The circuit court specifically provided a definition of a history in its order which the State does not argue is incorrect on appeal. The court defined a history as follows:

For purposes of the case before me, the court interprets reference to “a history” to connote not only consideration of the number of prior instances of domestic violence, but also the relative severity of the various instances. In this way, the court may properly weigh the relative egregiousness of the conduct. Put another way, more serious or violent instances of criminal domestic violence would be entitled to substantially more consideration, even though fewer in number, than less egregious, but more frequent instances.

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Related

United States v. Alvin Drummond
925 F.3d 681 (Fourth Circuit, 2019)
State v. Hawes
767 S.E.2d 707 (Supreme Court of South Carolina, 2015)

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Bluebook (online)
730 S.E.2d 904, 399 S.C. 211, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hawes-scctapp-2012.