State v. Hassard

842 P.2d 267, 9 Haw. App. 368
CourtHawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals
DecidedNovember 23, 1992
DocketNO. 15549
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 842 P.2d 267 (State v. Hassard) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hassard, 842 P.2d 267, 9 Haw. App. 368 (hawapp 1992).

Opinion

[369]*369OPINION OF THE COURT BY

HEEN, J.

Defendant-Appellant Charles Hassard (Defendant) appeals from his convictions for the offenses of Robbery in the First Degree, Terroristic Threatening in the First Degree, Burglary in the First Degree, Assault in the Second Degree, Possession of a Firearm by a Person Convicted of Certain Crimes,1 and Terroristic Threatening in the First Degree.

The evidence shows that Defendant, a convicted felon, armed himself with a rifle and went to Sand Island to confront Gilbert Enos (Enos) who was living there with his girl friend, Arva. Defendant had gone there to confront Enos because Defendant’s [370]*370girl friend had informed Defendant that earlier that day Enos had threatened to harm her and Defendant.

When Defendant arrived on Sand Island, he found Enos outside a tent in which Enos and Arva were living. Defendant pointed the rifle at Enos, struck Enos in the face with the rifle butt, and threatened to kill Enos if he threatened Defendant’s “wife” again. Defendant then entered the tent, pointed the rifle at ArVa and made a motion like he was going to hit her. Defendant then took the pouch Arva was wearing around her waist and left.

1.

The court instructed the jury that the essential elements of Count V were (1) the ownership, possession, or control of a firearm, and (2) a previous felony conviction. We agree with Defendant’s argument that the instruction was incorrect because it did not advise the jury that the State had to prove a third element: that the Defendant intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly possessed the firearm. See State v. Pinero, 70 Haw. 509, 778 P.2d 704 (1989).

At trial, Defendant did not object to the instruction nor offer an instruction that outlined the elements of the offense. Consequently, the question is whether the court committed plain error. An appellate court may take notice of errors which were not brought to the attention of the trial court where the errors are obvious or otherwise affect a party’s substantial rights. State v. Fox, 70 Haw. 46, 760 P.2d 670 (1988).

The State argues that Defendant’s substantial rights were not prejudiced because the following instructions satisfactorily instructed the jury that the State had to prove intent as an element of the offense:

The burden is always upon the prosecution to prove both an act and intent to commit that act beyond a reasonable doubt.
[371]*371In every crime, there exists a union or joint operation of act and intent.
The purpose of requiring both an “act” and “intent” is to insure that no one would be convicted for an act done because of mistake, or accident, or other innocent reason.
A person acts intentionally with respect to his conduct when it is his conscious object to engage in such conduct.
A person acts intentionally with respect to attendant circumstances when he is actually aware of the existence of such circumstances, or believes or hopes that they exist.
A person acts intentionally with respect to a result of his conduct when it is his conscious object to cause such a result [emphasis in original].

We disagree.

In Pinero, the supreme court pointed out that the statutory definition of the offense of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon does not include the applicable state of mind element. Consequently, the applicable state of mind element “is established when a previously convicted felon possesses or controls a firearm ‘intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.’ HRS § 702-204.” Pinero, 70 Haw. at 526, 778 P.2d at 715. Stating that “[e]rroneous instructions are presumptively harmful and are a ground for reversal unless it affirmatively appears from the record as a whole that the error was not prejudicial,” id. at 527, 778 P.2d at 716 (quoting Turner v. Willis, 59 Haw. 319, 326, 582 P.2d 710, 715 (1978)), the supreme court held it was error for the trial court not to inform the jury about the mental element of the offense.2

[372]*372In this case the court gave the jury separate instructions setting forth the essential elements of each of the charges against Defendant. For each of the charges, other than Count V, the court instructed the jury that the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant had acted intentionally. The instruction on Count V’s elements did not inform the jury that the State had to prove any state of mind. The fact that the court specifically instructed the jury that the State was required to prove a mental element for each of the other charges against Defendant but did not so instruct them as to Count V could have misled the jury into thinking that the mental element was not an essential element of Count V. The jury could have compared the instructions and decided that the State was not required to prove a mental element in Count V.

The instructions relied on by the State are not specifically related to Count V. Consequently, they cannot, in our view, be said to amount to an instruction that the State was required to prove an intentional, knowing or reckless state of mind in order to convict Defendant on that count.

The record does not affirmatively show that the error was not prejudicial.

2.

Defendant claimed at trial that he was intoxicated to the point where he was not responsible for his actions. Defendant argues that prosecutorial misconduct occurred when the prosecutor, during rebuttal, argued that Defendant’s expert was not an authority on intoxication or on the effect that Defendant’s claimed intoxication may have had on Defendant’s mental state at the time of the offense. The prosecutor told the jury, “He’s no more of an expert than you and I.” Defendant’s objection to the argument was overruled.

Prosecutorial misconduct may be the basis for a new trial where the prosecutor’s actions deprived the defendant of a fair [373]*373trial. State v. Hirano, 8 Haw. App. 330, 802 P.2d 482 (1990), cert. denied 71 Haw. 668, 833 P.2d 901 (1990). The question is whether the prosecutor’s actions substantially prejudiced the defendant’s fundamental right to have the jury fairly evaluate the merits of his defense. In determining whether prosecutorial misconduct resulted in substantial prejudice we consider (1) the nature of the alleged misconduct; (2) the promptness of any curative instruction; and (3) the strength of the evidence against the defendant. Id.

We are not convinced that the argument amounted to a personal opinion on the witness’ credibility. Moreover, in view of the overwhelming nature of the evidence, the statement did not deprive Defendant of his right to a fair trial.

3.

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Related

State v. Holbron
895 P.2d 173 (Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
842 P.2d 267, 9 Haw. App. 368, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hassard-hawapp-1992.