[Cite as State v. Harrington, 2013-Ohio-5214.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120850 TRIAL NO. 12TRC-7520A Plaintiff-Appellant, : O P I N I O N. vs. :
MAGGIE HARRINGTON, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 27, 2013
John P. Curp, City Solicitor, Charles Rubenstein, City Prosecutor, and Jennifer Bishop, Assistant City Prosecutor, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
Matt Ernst, for Defendant-Appellee.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
D E W INE , Judge.
{¶1} This is an appeal by the city of Cincinnati from a decision suppressing
the result of a breathalyzer test. In this case, we deal once again with the loss of certain
data from a computer server maintained by the Ohio Department of Health (“ODH”).
We previously have held that the lost data did not require the suppression of
breathalyzer test results for violating Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A), which requires
that breathalyzer test results be maintained for three years. See, e.g., State v. Wirth, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-120070, 2013-Ohio-___. This case, however, raises the additional
issue of whether the data loss results in a violation of Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G),
which mandates that the results of dry gas controls be retained for three years. We hold
that it does not, and we reverse the decision of the trial court.
I.
{¶2} On February 15, 2012, Maggie Harrington was arrested and charged
with driving under the influence of alcohol under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), driving with a
prohibited level of alcohol in her breath under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(d), and speeding under
R.C. 4511.21(C). She submitted to a breath test on Intoxilyzer 8000 machine No. 80-
004096, which revealed a breath-alcohol content in excess of the legal limit. Ms.
Harrington filed a motion to suppress the test result. After an evidentiary hearing, the
trial court found that the city failed to demonstrate substantial compliance with the
ODH regulations and granted the motion.
{¶3} The testimony at the hearing revealed that the test sequence on an
Intoxilyzer 8000 consists of a series of “air blanks” and “dry gas controls,” which ensure
that the machine is producing accurate measurements, as well as two breath samples,
the lower of which is used as the final breath-alcohol result. The machine prints a
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
“subject test report” containing the test sequence information after each breath test, and
Ms. Harrington received a copy of the report for her test. The ODH maintains this
information in its database for a minimum of three years. As a result of an ODH server
error, however, data from breath tests administered on the same machine between
December 15, 2011, and December 22, 2011, was not uploaded from the machine to the
ODH database. This machine had been placed into service at the District 2 police station
in June 2011. A logbook kept at District 2 contains the results of the breath tests, but no
additional data. By comparing its records with the logbook, the ODH determined that it
had lost data for ten breath tests during this time. The ODH duplicated the missing
breath results from the logbook and obtained copies of some of the ten subject test
reports printed from the machine, but it is not clear from the record exactly how many
subject test reports ODH obtained. Extrinsic data not included in the logbook or subject
test printouts has been irretrievably lost.
{¶4} As a result of the lost data, the trial court found that the city had not
demonstrated substantial compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A) and 3701-53-
04(G),1 which require that the results of breath tests and dry gas controls be retained for
at least three years. The trial court also determined that the ODH had not established
procedures for issuing permits for Intoxilyzer 8000 operators, as required by R.C.
4511.19 and 3701.143. The city raises two assignments of error challenging each of these
conclusions.
1 Both the trial court’s decision and Ms. Harrington’s appellate brief refer to Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(G), but this provision does not exist. We presume that they were referring instead to Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G), as defense counsel used language from this section in support of his closing argument on the record-retention issue.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
II.A.
{¶5} The city contends in its first assignment of error that the trial court erred
in suppressing the test based on noncompliance with the record-retention provisions.
{¶6} There are two issues here: compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-
01(A), which requires that the results of “tests” be retained for three years, and
compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G), which requires that the results of
“controls” be maintained for three years.
{¶7} We have dealt with the Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A) test-result issue
previously. See State v. Muchmore, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120830, 2013-Ohio-5100;
State v. Wirth, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120070, 2013-Ohio-___. In those opinions, we
held that the “test result” is the lower of the two breath-alcohol measurements taken
during the test. Muchmore at ¶ 31; Wirth at ¶ 6. Since the test results were maintained,
there was no basis for suppression, notwithstanding the loss of other extrinsic data.
Based upon our holdings in Muchmore and Wirth, we reject Ms. Harrington’s argument
that her breathalyzer test should be suppressed for failure to comply with Ohio
Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A).
{¶8} The new issue in this case is whether the tests should be suppressed
under Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G) because of the loss of the results of “controls”
from tests administered to other individuals during the seven-day period when the
computer glitch occurred. We apply a burden-shifting analysis. The state must show
substantial compliance with ODH regulations, and if the state meets that burden, a
rebuttable presumption arises that the test results are admissible. State v. Burnside,
100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d 71; State v. Booth, 1st Dist. Hamilton
No. C-070184, 2008-Ohio-1274. Then, the burden shifts back to the defendant to show
that he or she “was prejudiced by anything less than strict compliance.” Id.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶9} Here, dry gas control results from ten breathalyzer tests were not
transmitted from the machine to the ODH database. The ODH has duplicated some, but
not all, of the missing dry gas control results by obtaining copies of the subject test
report printouts from the machine, and the evidence indicates that the ODH has
otherwise maintained dry gas control results from this machine for the requisite three
years. We cannot say that the loss of dry gas control results from fewer than ten tests
over the eight months in which the machine was in service prior to Ms. Harrington’s test
negates the city’s evidence of retention of all other dry gas control results from this
machine. Were we to hold otherwise, it would follow that “any deviation whatsoever
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[Cite as State v. Harrington, 2013-Ohio-5214.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120850 TRIAL NO. 12TRC-7520A Plaintiff-Appellant, : O P I N I O N. vs. :
MAGGIE HARRINGTON, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 27, 2013
John P. Curp, City Solicitor, Charles Rubenstein, City Prosecutor, and Jennifer Bishop, Assistant City Prosecutor, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
Matt Ernst, for Defendant-Appellee.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
D E W INE , Judge.
{¶1} This is an appeal by the city of Cincinnati from a decision suppressing
the result of a breathalyzer test. In this case, we deal once again with the loss of certain
data from a computer server maintained by the Ohio Department of Health (“ODH”).
We previously have held that the lost data did not require the suppression of
breathalyzer test results for violating Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A), which requires
that breathalyzer test results be maintained for three years. See, e.g., State v. Wirth, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-120070, 2013-Ohio-___. This case, however, raises the additional
issue of whether the data loss results in a violation of Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G),
which mandates that the results of dry gas controls be retained for three years. We hold
that it does not, and we reverse the decision of the trial court.
I.
{¶2} On February 15, 2012, Maggie Harrington was arrested and charged
with driving under the influence of alcohol under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), driving with a
prohibited level of alcohol in her breath under R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(d), and speeding under
R.C. 4511.21(C). She submitted to a breath test on Intoxilyzer 8000 machine No. 80-
004096, which revealed a breath-alcohol content in excess of the legal limit. Ms.
Harrington filed a motion to suppress the test result. After an evidentiary hearing, the
trial court found that the city failed to demonstrate substantial compliance with the
ODH regulations and granted the motion.
{¶3} The testimony at the hearing revealed that the test sequence on an
Intoxilyzer 8000 consists of a series of “air blanks” and “dry gas controls,” which ensure
that the machine is producing accurate measurements, as well as two breath samples,
the lower of which is used as the final breath-alcohol result. The machine prints a
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
“subject test report” containing the test sequence information after each breath test, and
Ms. Harrington received a copy of the report for her test. The ODH maintains this
information in its database for a minimum of three years. As a result of an ODH server
error, however, data from breath tests administered on the same machine between
December 15, 2011, and December 22, 2011, was not uploaded from the machine to the
ODH database. This machine had been placed into service at the District 2 police station
in June 2011. A logbook kept at District 2 contains the results of the breath tests, but no
additional data. By comparing its records with the logbook, the ODH determined that it
had lost data for ten breath tests during this time. The ODH duplicated the missing
breath results from the logbook and obtained copies of some of the ten subject test
reports printed from the machine, but it is not clear from the record exactly how many
subject test reports ODH obtained. Extrinsic data not included in the logbook or subject
test printouts has been irretrievably lost.
{¶4} As a result of the lost data, the trial court found that the city had not
demonstrated substantial compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A) and 3701-53-
04(G),1 which require that the results of breath tests and dry gas controls be retained for
at least three years. The trial court also determined that the ODH had not established
procedures for issuing permits for Intoxilyzer 8000 operators, as required by R.C.
4511.19 and 3701.143. The city raises two assignments of error challenging each of these
conclusions.
1 Both the trial court’s decision and Ms. Harrington’s appellate brief refer to Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(G), but this provision does not exist. We presume that they were referring instead to Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G), as defense counsel used language from this section in support of his closing argument on the record-retention issue.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
II.A.
{¶5} The city contends in its first assignment of error that the trial court erred
in suppressing the test based on noncompliance with the record-retention provisions.
{¶6} There are two issues here: compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-
01(A), which requires that the results of “tests” be retained for three years, and
compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G), which requires that the results of
“controls” be maintained for three years.
{¶7} We have dealt with the Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A) test-result issue
previously. See State v. Muchmore, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120830, 2013-Ohio-5100;
State v. Wirth, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120070, 2013-Ohio-___. In those opinions, we
held that the “test result” is the lower of the two breath-alcohol measurements taken
during the test. Muchmore at ¶ 31; Wirth at ¶ 6. Since the test results were maintained,
there was no basis for suppression, notwithstanding the loss of other extrinsic data.
Based upon our holdings in Muchmore and Wirth, we reject Ms. Harrington’s argument
that her breathalyzer test should be suppressed for failure to comply with Ohio
Adm.Code 3701-53-01(A).
{¶8} The new issue in this case is whether the tests should be suppressed
under Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-04(G) because of the loss of the results of “controls”
from tests administered to other individuals during the seven-day period when the
computer glitch occurred. We apply a burden-shifting analysis. The state must show
substantial compliance with ODH regulations, and if the state meets that burden, a
rebuttable presumption arises that the test results are admissible. State v. Burnside,
100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d 71; State v. Booth, 1st Dist. Hamilton
No. C-070184, 2008-Ohio-1274. Then, the burden shifts back to the defendant to show
that he or she “was prejudiced by anything less than strict compliance.” Id.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶9} Here, dry gas control results from ten breathalyzer tests were not
transmitted from the machine to the ODH database. The ODH has duplicated some, but
not all, of the missing dry gas control results by obtaining copies of the subject test
report printouts from the machine, and the evidence indicates that the ODH has
otherwise maintained dry gas control results from this machine for the requisite three
years. We cannot say that the loss of dry gas control results from fewer than ten tests
over the eight months in which the machine was in service prior to Ms. Harrington’s test
negates the city’s evidence of retention of all other dry gas control results from this
machine. Were we to hold otherwise, it would follow that “any deviation whatsoever
from the regulation render[s] the results of a [test] inadmissible.” Burnside at ¶ 34,
quoting State v. Plummer, 22 Ohio St.3d 292, 294, 490 N.E.2d 902 (1986). The Ohio
Supreme Court explicitly rejected such a harsh standard, recognizing instead that “strict
compliance is not always realistically or humanly possible.” Id. We, therefore, find the
city’s evidence of retention sufficient to meet the substantial-compliance standard.
{¶10} Furthermore, Ms. Harrington has not demonstrated any prejudice. Her
breath-test result and the results of the dry gas controls performed during her test were
not lost. Likewise, the results of all ten missing breath tests have been duplicated, and
she has not shown that the loss of dry gas control results from a few tests compromises
the accuracy or evidentiary value of her own breath-alcohol result. The first assignment
of error is sustained.
II.B.
{¶11} In its second assignment of error, the city asserts that the trial court
erred by finding that the ODH failed to establish procedures for issuing Intoxilyzer 8000
operator permits, as required by R.C. 4511.19 and 3701.143. Based upon our decision in
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
State v. McMahon, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120728, 2013-Ohio-2557, we sustain this
assignment of error as well.
III.
{¶12} The trial court’s judgment granting Ms. Harrington’s motion to suppress
is reversed, and this case is remanded for further proceedings.
D INKELACKER , P.J., and F ISCHER , J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.