State v. Hardway

385 S.E.2d 62, 182 W. Va. 1, 1989 W. Va. LEXIS 192
CourtWest Virginia Supreme Court
DecidedJune 16, 1989
DocketNo. 18131
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 385 S.E.2d 62 (State v. Hardway) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering West Virginia Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hardway, 385 S.E.2d 62, 182 W. Va. 1, 1989 W. Va. LEXIS 192 (W. Va. 1989).

Opinion

McHUGH, Justice:

This case is before the Court upon the appeal of Mary M. Hardway. The appellant was convicted of first degree murder in the Circuit Court of Clay County. We have reviewed the petition for appeal, all matters of record, and briefs of the parties. We are of the opinion that this case should be affirmed.

I.

The appellant’s husband, Robert Hard-way, died of a gunshot wound in the upper portion of his back on April 27, 1985. A rifle maintained in the Hardway residence was the apparent weapon which caused the victim’s death. At the time of the shooting, only the appellant and her husband were known to be in their residence.

The appellant contends that the rifle accidentally discharged after falling from where it rested, leaned against a dresser in the victim’s bedroom, where the appellant claims to have seen it shortly before the victim went to bed. The appellant also contends that she was asleep when the victim was shot.

The State contends that during the early morning hours of April 27, 1985, the appellant waited for the victim to fall asleep, then went into the kitchen, put on a pair of latex gloves, took a rifle from the gun cabinet, went into the victim’s bedroom, and shot the victim once, as he lay asleep. The State proved at trial that the rifle could not have discharged accidentally, based upon the position of where the appellant claims it rested and the position of the victim’s body when the wound was incurred. The State also proved that prints matching the design of the latex gloves were found on the rifle.

The appellant was convicted of first degree murder with a recommendation of mercy in a trial by jury in the Circuit Court of Clay County.

The appellant focuses upon three primary areas of concern: the composition of the jury; the failure of the trial judge to suppress certain statements and information obtained therefrom; and a demonstration by the State on its theory of how the shooting occurred. In regard to the latter area, counsel for the appellant in this appeal states that trial counsel was ineffective because he did not adequately prepare to rebut the State’s evidence by obtaining experts. The appellant also asserts that the trial judge erred by not giving instructions on lesser included offenses.

II. JURY ISSUES

A. Fingerprint Examiner

The appellant contends that the circuit court committed reversible error by not sustaining her challenge for cause of a potential juror who was previously employed by the Department of Public Safety with a specialty in latent fingerprints.

The potential juror was an employee of the Department of Public Safety seven years prior to the trial of this case and worked six years as a latent fingerprint examiner. During voir dire, this potential juror made a statement indicating that she would apply her own standards to the evidence to be introduced at trial. Moreover, the appellant maintains that this potential juror’s association with a witness for the Department of Public Safety gave rise to removing her for cause.

On the following day, during voir dire, this potential juror was again questioned about her statements of the previous day. She clarified her remarks, stating that she would apply the same standard to the evidence presented, whether it would be presented by a member of the Department of Public Safety or not.

The appellant removed this potential juror from the jury panel by using a peremptory strike.

In syllabus point 5 of State v. West, 157 W.Va. 209, 200 S.E.2d 859 (1973), this Court held that “[i]n a criminal case, it is reversible error for a trial court to overrule a challenge for cause of a juror who is an [4]*4employee of a prosecutorial or enforcement agency of the State of West Virginia.” We also held that “when the defendant can demonstrate even a tenuous relationship between a prospective juror and any prose-cutorial or enforcement arm of State government, defendant’s challenge for cause should be sustained by the court.” Id. 157 W.Va. at 219, 200 S.E.2d at 866. Furthermore, “where the trial court is in doubt, the doubt must be resolved in favor of the defendant’s challenge[.]” Id. 157 W.Va. at 219-20, 200 S.E.2d at 866.

Although the appellant assigns as error the inclusion of the former latent fingerprint examiner as a potential juror, it is clear that this assignment of error was not preserved at trial. The following exchange occurred:

THE COURT: And do you still challenge her for cause on the issue of not basing her verdict on the evidence and instead relying on her expertise?
MR. COOPER [defense counsel]: No, sir.
THE COURT: The Court is of the opinion that from its examination, that the prospective juror indicated that she would rely on the testimony.
MR. COOPER: That’s how I understood her.
THE COURT: Do you desire to argue the challenge for cause or do you, are you standing on your challenge for cause on that basis?
MR. COOPER: The matter would appear that she has indicated this morning, upon the Court’s examination of her in relation to that particular issue, that she wondered if she had not been inarticulate in her answers yesterday and it would appear that she feels that she can objectively judge the testimony, the witnesses, the evidence to be introduced in the case as opposed to total objective examination in her duties as a juror. Based upon the fact that it is a statement by the juror that she can follow the instructions of the Court and she is unbiased and unprejudiced, and I suspect that the defendant would not be in much of a position to go forward with her challenge for cause, as it was made yesterday evening at that point in the examination of the prospective juror.
THE COURT: Okay.
MR. COOPER: I don’t see that we can properly respond on it.

Trial Tr. 140-41.

In syllabus point 17 of State v. Thomas, 157 W.Va. 640, 203 S.E.2d 445 (1974), this Court stated:

As a general rule, proceedings of trial courts are presumed to be regular, unless the contrary affirmatively appears upon the record, and errors assigned for the first time in an appellate court will not be regarded in any matter of which the trial court had jurisdiction or which might have been remedied in the trial court if objected to there.

In this case, the appellant’s challenge of the former latent fingerprint examiner was withdrawn, and, therefore, not preserved at trial. Consequently, there is no error in this regard.

B. Relatives

After the trial of this case, the appellant learned that two people who sat on the jury in this case are related to law enforcement personnel. One of the jurors is a first cousin of the husband of the chief office deputy sheriff of Clay County and another juror is an uncle of the prosecutor’s secretary. It is the appellant’s contention that had she known this information and made a timely challenge for cause, then the circuit court would have had to sustain such a challenge.

In syllabus point 4 of State v. Beckett, 172 W.Va.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
385 S.E.2d 62, 182 W. Va. 1, 1989 W. Va. LEXIS 192, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hardway-wva-1989.