[Cite as State v. Handcock, 2016-Ohio-7096.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2016-CA-3 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2008-CR-166 : JAMES HANDCOCK, JR. : (Criminal Appeal from : Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 30th day of September, 2016.
MEGAN M. FARLEY, Atty. Reg. No. 0088515, Assistant Clark County Prosecuting Attorney, 50 East Columbia Street, Fourth Floor, Springfield, Ohio 45502 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
JAMES HANDCOCK, JR., Inmate No. 587-233, Chillicothe Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 5500, Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 Defendant-Appellant-Pro Se
.............
WELBAUM, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, James Handcock, Jr., appeals pro se from a decision
of the Clark County Court of Common Pleas rejecting his motion requesting permission
to file a successive petition for post-conviction relief. For the reasons outlined below, the
judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
{¶ 2} In 2008, Handcock was charged by indictment with three counts of felonious
assault, one count of discharging a firearm on or near prohibited premises, one count of
having weapons while under disability, one count of carrying a concealed weapon, and
one count of tampering with evidence. Handcock originally entered a plea of not guilty
by reason of insanity (“NGRI”) and raised the issue of his competency to stand trial. The
trial court thereafter ordered Handcock to undergo a competency evaluation, which
indicated that he was indeed competent to stand trial.
{¶ 3} Following Handcock’s competency determination, the trial court held a two-
day jury trial. At trial, the State dismissed the tampering with evidence charge and the
trial court dismissed the discharging a firearm charge. The jury then convicted Handcock
of one felonious assault charge with a firearm specification and acquitted him of the other
two felonious assault charges. Handcock was also convicted of carrying a concealed
weapon and having weapons while under disability. The trial court imposed a prison
term of 3 years for the firearm specification, 8 years for felonious assault, 5 years for
having weapons while under disability, and 18 months for carrying a concealed weapon,
all to be served consecutively, for a total sentence of 17.5 years in prison.
{¶ 4} Handcock thereafter appealed from his conviction alleging that his felonious
assault conviction was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In addition, we -3-
permitted supplemental briefing on issues concerning Handcock’s NGRI plea. After
reviewing these issues, we affirmed Handcock’s conviction. State v. Handcock, 2d Dist.
Clark No. 2008 CA 85, 2009-Ohio-4327 (Handcock I).
{¶ 5} In 2010, Handcock moved the trial court to vacate his sentence on grounds
that it was void. Handcock argued that his sentence was void because: (1) the trial court
failed to make statutory findings before imposing consecutive sentences; and (2) he was
not correctly informed at sentencing regarding post-release control. The trial court
overruled the motion to vacate and Handcock appealed. We affirmed the trial court’s
decision. State v. Handcock, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2010 CA 76, 2011-Ohio-2559 (Handcock
II).
{¶ 6} In 2012, Handcock filed a second motion to vacate his sentence. In that
motion, Handcock noted that the verdict form for carrying a concealed weapon neither
specified the degree of the offense, nor set forth facts making the offense a fourth-degree
felony, as opposed to a first-degree misdemeanor, which is the default offense level for
carrying a concealed weapon. R.C. 2923.12(F)(1). Handcock argued that his trial
counsel was ineffective for having failed to raise that issue at trial, rendering his conviction
for carrying a concealed weapon as a fourth-degree felony void. The trial court overruled
the motion to vacate and Handcock once again appealed. We affirmed the trial court’s
decision, finding that Handcock’s claim was barred by res judicata. State v. Handcock,
2d Dist. Clark No. 2012-CA-87, 2013-Ohio-3275 (Handcock III).
{¶ 7} On January 11, 2016, Handcock filed the motion subject of this appeal, a
motion requesting permission to file a successive petition for post-conviction relief
pursuant to R.C. 2953.23. In support of this motion, Handcock argued that he received -4-
ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not challenge his
competency evaluation or request an independent competency evaluation by an
unbiased examiner.
{¶ 8} Although signed by Handcock, the motion at issue indicates that an inmate
named Robert Hillman prepared the motion on Handcock’s behalf. An affidavit signed
by Hillman was attached to the motion averring that: (1) Handcock was unable to
represent himself in the matter due to a mental disorder and lack of legal skills; (2) no
public defender was available to assist Handcock with his legal filings; (3) Handcock could
not afford legal counsel; and (4) Hillman was not attempting to illegally practice law by
assisting Handcock with the motion.
{¶ 9} On January 28, 2016, the trial court issued an entry indicating that it would
not accept Handcock’s motion on grounds that it was filed by an inmate engaged in the
unauthorized practice of law. Handcock now appeals from that decision, raising the
following single assignment of error for review:
THE APPELLANT WAS DENIED HIS 1ST, 5TH, 6TH, AND 14TH
AMENDMENT RIGHTS UNDER THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION,
WHERE HE WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL
COUNSEL DURING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIVE STAGES.
{¶ 10} Under his sole assignment of error, Handcock claims that he received
ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not challenge his
competency evaluation that was submitted to the trial court or request an independent
competency evaluation. Handcock does not address the fact that the trial court did not
rule on the merits of his motion requesting permission to file a successive petition for post- -5-
conviction relief, but rather rejected the motion on grounds that it was prepared by an
inmate engaged in the unauthorized practice of law.
{¶ 11} “ ‘[A] trial judge has the ethical duty to prevent unauthorized practice of
law[.]’ ” State v. Kielar, 2d Dist. Miami No. 95-CA-34, 1996 WL 200612, *3 (Apr. 19,
1996), quoting State v. Harding, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-93-8, 1993 WL 312905, *2 (Aug.
19, 1993). “The unauthorized practice of law occurs when a person who is not admitted
to the Ohio bar or otherwise certified to practice law by the Supreme Court provides legal
services to another person in this state.” Lorain Cty. Bar Assn. v. Zubaidah, 140 Ohio
St.3d 495, 2014-Ohio-4060, 20 N.E.3d 687, ¶ 44, citing Gov.Bar R. VII(2)(A). This
includes the “ ‘ “preparation of pleadings and other papers incident to actions and special
proceedings and the management of such actions and proceedings on behalf of clients
before judges and the courts.” ’ ” Disciplinary Counsel v. Brown, 142 Ohio St.3d 459,
2015-Ohio-1819, 32 N.E.3d 444, ¶ 12, quoting Land Title Abstract & Trust Co. v.
Dworken, 129 Ohio St. 23, 28, 193 N.E. 650 (1934), quoting People v. Alfani, 227 N.Y.
334, 337-338, 125 N.E. 671 (1919).
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Handcock, 2016-Ohio-7096.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2016-CA-3 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2008-CR-166 : JAMES HANDCOCK, JR. : (Criminal Appeal from : Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 30th day of September, 2016.
MEGAN M. FARLEY, Atty. Reg. No. 0088515, Assistant Clark County Prosecuting Attorney, 50 East Columbia Street, Fourth Floor, Springfield, Ohio 45502 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
JAMES HANDCOCK, JR., Inmate No. 587-233, Chillicothe Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 5500, Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 Defendant-Appellant-Pro Se
.............
WELBAUM, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, James Handcock, Jr., appeals pro se from a decision
of the Clark County Court of Common Pleas rejecting his motion requesting permission
to file a successive petition for post-conviction relief. For the reasons outlined below, the
judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
{¶ 2} In 2008, Handcock was charged by indictment with three counts of felonious
assault, one count of discharging a firearm on or near prohibited premises, one count of
having weapons while under disability, one count of carrying a concealed weapon, and
one count of tampering with evidence. Handcock originally entered a plea of not guilty
by reason of insanity (“NGRI”) and raised the issue of his competency to stand trial. The
trial court thereafter ordered Handcock to undergo a competency evaluation, which
indicated that he was indeed competent to stand trial.
{¶ 3} Following Handcock’s competency determination, the trial court held a two-
day jury trial. At trial, the State dismissed the tampering with evidence charge and the
trial court dismissed the discharging a firearm charge. The jury then convicted Handcock
of one felonious assault charge with a firearm specification and acquitted him of the other
two felonious assault charges. Handcock was also convicted of carrying a concealed
weapon and having weapons while under disability. The trial court imposed a prison
term of 3 years for the firearm specification, 8 years for felonious assault, 5 years for
having weapons while under disability, and 18 months for carrying a concealed weapon,
all to be served consecutively, for a total sentence of 17.5 years in prison.
{¶ 4} Handcock thereafter appealed from his conviction alleging that his felonious
assault conviction was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In addition, we -3-
permitted supplemental briefing on issues concerning Handcock’s NGRI plea. After
reviewing these issues, we affirmed Handcock’s conviction. State v. Handcock, 2d Dist.
Clark No. 2008 CA 85, 2009-Ohio-4327 (Handcock I).
{¶ 5} In 2010, Handcock moved the trial court to vacate his sentence on grounds
that it was void. Handcock argued that his sentence was void because: (1) the trial court
failed to make statutory findings before imposing consecutive sentences; and (2) he was
not correctly informed at sentencing regarding post-release control. The trial court
overruled the motion to vacate and Handcock appealed. We affirmed the trial court’s
decision. State v. Handcock, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2010 CA 76, 2011-Ohio-2559 (Handcock
II).
{¶ 6} In 2012, Handcock filed a second motion to vacate his sentence. In that
motion, Handcock noted that the verdict form for carrying a concealed weapon neither
specified the degree of the offense, nor set forth facts making the offense a fourth-degree
felony, as opposed to a first-degree misdemeanor, which is the default offense level for
carrying a concealed weapon. R.C. 2923.12(F)(1). Handcock argued that his trial
counsel was ineffective for having failed to raise that issue at trial, rendering his conviction
for carrying a concealed weapon as a fourth-degree felony void. The trial court overruled
the motion to vacate and Handcock once again appealed. We affirmed the trial court’s
decision, finding that Handcock’s claim was barred by res judicata. State v. Handcock,
2d Dist. Clark No. 2012-CA-87, 2013-Ohio-3275 (Handcock III).
{¶ 7} On January 11, 2016, Handcock filed the motion subject of this appeal, a
motion requesting permission to file a successive petition for post-conviction relief
pursuant to R.C. 2953.23. In support of this motion, Handcock argued that he received -4-
ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not challenge his
competency evaluation or request an independent competency evaluation by an
unbiased examiner.
{¶ 8} Although signed by Handcock, the motion at issue indicates that an inmate
named Robert Hillman prepared the motion on Handcock’s behalf. An affidavit signed
by Hillman was attached to the motion averring that: (1) Handcock was unable to
represent himself in the matter due to a mental disorder and lack of legal skills; (2) no
public defender was available to assist Handcock with his legal filings; (3) Handcock could
not afford legal counsel; and (4) Hillman was not attempting to illegally practice law by
assisting Handcock with the motion.
{¶ 9} On January 28, 2016, the trial court issued an entry indicating that it would
not accept Handcock’s motion on grounds that it was filed by an inmate engaged in the
unauthorized practice of law. Handcock now appeals from that decision, raising the
following single assignment of error for review:
THE APPELLANT WAS DENIED HIS 1ST, 5TH, 6TH, AND 14TH
AMENDMENT RIGHTS UNDER THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION,
WHERE HE WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL
COUNSEL DURING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIVE STAGES.
{¶ 10} Under his sole assignment of error, Handcock claims that he received
ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not challenge his
competency evaluation that was submitted to the trial court or request an independent
competency evaluation. Handcock does not address the fact that the trial court did not
rule on the merits of his motion requesting permission to file a successive petition for post- -5-
conviction relief, but rather rejected the motion on grounds that it was prepared by an
inmate engaged in the unauthorized practice of law.
{¶ 11} “ ‘[A] trial judge has the ethical duty to prevent unauthorized practice of
law[.]’ ” State v. Kielar, 2d Dist. Miami No. 95-CA-34, 1996 WL 200612, *3 (Apr. 19,
1996), quoting State v. Harding, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-93-8, 1993 WL 312905, *2 (Aug.
19, 1993). “The unauthorized practice of law occurs when a person who is not admitted
to the Ohio bar or otherwise certified to practice law by the Supreme Court provides legal
services to another person in this state.” Lorain Cty. Bar Assn. v. Zubaidah, 140 Ohio
St.3d 495, 2014-Ohio-4060, 20 N.E.3d 687, ¶ 44, citing Gov.Bar R. VII(2)(A). This
includes the “ ‘ “preparation of pleadings and other papers incident to actions and special
proceedings and the management of such actions and proceedings on behalf of clients
before judges and the courts.” ’ ” Disciplinary Counsel v. Brown, 142 Ohio St.3d 459,
2015-Ohio-1819, 32 N.E.3d 444, ¶ 12, quoting Land Title Abstract & Trust Co. v.
Dworken, 129 Ohio St. 23, 28, 193 N.E. 650 (1934), quoting People v. Alfani, 227 N.Y.
334, 337-338, 125 N.E. 671 (1919). “As an appropriate remedy a court may strike a filing
by a non-attorney.” State v. Block, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87488, 2007-Ohio-1979, ¶ 6,
citing Union Sav. Assn. v. Home Owners Aid, Inc., 23 Ohio St.2d 60, 262 N.E.2d 558
(1970). (Other citations omitted.) Therefore, any filing by a non-attorney is viewed as
a legal nullity. (Citation omitted.) Kessler v. Totus Tuus, L.L.C., 11th Dist. Ashtabula
No. 2008-A-0011, 2009-Ohio-1147, ¶ 8.
{¶ 12} Nevertheless, the Supreme Court of Ohio has recognized that while the
activities of “jailhouse lawyers,” such as Robert Hillman, would clearly be considered the
unauthorized practice of law if performed outside the confines of the prison system, such -6-
practice may only be curtailed if the prison at issue provides its inmates with “a reasonable
alternative to assistance from jailhouse lawyers.” Disciplinary Counsel v. Cotton, 115
Ohio St.3d 113, 2007-Ohio-4481, 873 N.E.2d 1240, ¶ 8, citing Johnson v. Avery, 393 U.S.
483, 89 S.Ct. 747, 21 L.Ed.2d 718 (1969).
{¶ 13} In this case, we need not address the issue of whether Handcock had a
reasonable alternative to a “jailhouse lawyer” because regardless of that issue, it is clear
that the ineffective assistance claim raised in Handcock’s motion is barred by res judicata.
“Any ineffective assistance claim relating to matters contained within the record should
be brought through a direct appeal.” State v. Lane, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2014-CA-54,
2015-Ohio-2712, ¶ 13, citing State v. Wilson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23129, 2013-Ohio-
180, ¶ 47-48. If an alleged claim of ineffective assistance “ ‘could have been raised and
fully litigated on direct appeal, the issue is res judicata and may not be litigated in a
post[-]conviction proceeding.’ ” Id., quoting State v. Franklin, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
19041, 2002-Ohio-2370, ¶ 9, citing State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 180, 226 N.E.2d
104 (1967).
{¶ 14} As previously discussed, Handcock claimed his trial counsel provided
ineffective assistance by failing to challenge the competency evaluation submitted to the
trial court and by failing to request an independent competency evaluation. This claim
clearly relates to matters within the record and could have been raised during Handcock’s
direct appeal. Accordingly, it is barred by res judicata. Therefore, even if we assume
arguendo that the trial court should not have rejected Handcock’s motion on the basis of
unauthorized practice of law, the trial court nevertheless properly rejected Handcock’s
motion. See State v. Hall, 2d Dist. Miami No. 97 CA 22, 1997 WL 691509, *1 (Oct. 24, -7-
1997), citing Newcomb v. Dredge, 105 Ohio App. 417, 152 N.E.2d 801 (2d Dist.1957)
(“[i]f a trial court has stated an erroneous basis for its judgment, an appellate court will
affirm the judgment if it is legally correct on other grounds, that is, when it achieves the
right result for the wrong reasons”).
{¶ 15} Handcock’s sole assignment of error is overruled and the judgment of the
trial court is affirmed.
DONOVAN, P.J. and FAIN, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Megan M. Farley James Handcock, Jr. Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter