State v. Hampton

136 So. 3d 240, 2013 La.App. 4 Cir. 0580, 2014 WL 700511, 2014 La. App. LEXIS 439
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedFebruary 19, 2014
DocketNo. 2013-KA-0580
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 136 So. 3d 240 (State v. Hampton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hampton, 136 So. 3d 240, 2013 La.App. 4 Cir. 0580, 2014 WL 700511, 2014 La. App. LEXIS 439 (La. Ct. App. 2014).

Opinion

PAUL A. BONIN, Judge.

h Michael Hampton was charged by bill of information with indecent behavior with a juvenile under seventeen years old. See La. R.S. 14:81 A(l). The jury returned a verdict of guilty of indecent behavior with a juvenile under thirteen years old. See La. R.S. 14:81 H(2). The trial judge sentenced Mr. Hampton under the provisions of Subsection 81 H(2) to five years of imprisonment, two years of which must be served without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence. Mr. Hampton appeals his conviction but not his sentence.

Mr. Hampton asserts three assignments of error. He first complains about the qualification of a pediatrician as an expert in the fields of child abuse and delayed reporting of abuse. Mr. Hampton next contends that the pediatrician, once qualified, was allowed to give opinion testimony on delayed reporting beyond the scope of that permitted by State v. Foret.1 Finally, Mr. Hampton argues that his motion for a mistrial was improperly denied despite the prosecutor repeatedly making comments, such as “thankfully we are not here for rape,” during closing arguments.

|2We have reviewed each of Mr. Hampton’s assignments under an abuse-of-discretion standard, which is highly deferential to rulings made by the trial judge. [243]*243Because none of these rulings were based “on an erroneous view of the law or a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence” 2 and each choice was permissible, we find that the trial judge did not abuse her discretion in any of the three complained-of rulings.

We did, however, identify a possible error patent in the discrepancy between the offense charged and the crime for which the jury returned a verdict. See La. C.Cr.P. art. 920(2).3 In response, both the district attorney and Mr. Hampton’s appellate counsel note that the jury’s verdict, finding that indecent behavior was committed with a juvenile under the age of thirteen years, necessarily establishes that the offense was committed with a juvenile under the age of seventeen years; thus, there is no prejudice mandating retrial. The district attorney claims that the proper remedy is to vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing pursuant to Subsection 81 H(l); the defendant agrees that, on remand, Mr. Hampton should be resen-tenced under the less stringent provisions of Subsection 81 H(l).

We accordingly affirm Mr. Hampton’s conviction. We, however, vacate the sentence imposed and remand for resentenc-ing under the provisions of Subsection 81 H(l). We explain our decision in greater detail below.

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We first analyze Mr. Hampton’s argument that the trial judge improperly qualified Jamie Jackson, M.D., as an expert in the area of child sexual abuse and delayed disclosure. Mr. Hampton does not challenge Dr. Jackson’s qualification as an expert in the field of pediatrics.

A

At the outset, we note that Mr. Hampton did not seek a particularized hearing to test the reliability of expert testimony on delayed disclosure. See Dauberb v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S.Ct. 2786, 125 L.Ed.2d 469 (1993). See, e.g., State v. Chauvin, 02-1188, p. 18 (La.5/20/03), 846 So.2d 697, 709. Mr. Hampton also did not proffer countervailing medical testimony either to the judge as the gatekeeper for opinion testimony or to the jury as the trier of fact. There is considerable skepticism, if not downright distrust, about the scientific reliability of delayed disclosure studies in both the medical and legal fields. See Margaret H. Shiu, Unwarranted Skepticism: The Federal Courts’s Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome, Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 18:651 (2009). Thus, the only evidentiary basis for the trial judge’s ruling was the uncontroverted testimony of Dr. Jackson.

Consequently, in reviewing this assignment of error as well as another in Part II, post, we are constrained by the prece-dential rules for handling this difficult issue set forth in State v. Foret, 628 So.2d 1116 (La.1993). The Supreme Court explained that the trial judge in Foret, as here, had not conducted an evidentiary [244]*244shearing — now referred to.as a “Daubert hearing” — in which he could exercise his gatekeeper function and determine the admissibility of expert evidence. See id. at 1131. As a result, the Supreme Court noted that its “analysis of the issues is based on consideration of the information gleaned from prior reported cases and published literature on the subject matter.” Id. Thus, the rules or directives announced in Foret are “not necessarily static.” Id.

The Supreme Court explained that the rules announced in Foret would not “preclude consideration by a trial court, performing its gatekeeping function via an evidentiary hearing, of the admissibility of psychological testimony in sexual abuse cases for certain limited purposes, based on current evidence bearing on the reliability and accuracy of this type of evidence.” Id. (emphasis added). Conversely and importantly for our purposes, we are bound by the Foret rules as Mr. Hampton also failed to insist on an eviden-tiary hearing to present any updated or current evidence “bearing on the reliability and accuracy” of delayed reporting evidence.

As will be more fully discussed in Part II-B, post, Fóret allows for limited expert testimony on delayed disclosure or delayed reporting. See id. at 1129-1130. Thus, we first consider whether Dr. Jackson, having her credentials challenged with respect to expertise in child abuse and delayed disclosure, was properly qualified as an expert witness by the trial judge.

_kB

In this particular case, the parties stipulated that any alleged lewd or lascivious act, proscribed by the statute, was not “upon the person” of the child, but rather “in the presence of ... [the] child.” See La. R.S. 14:81 A(l). Thus, there was no expectation that a physical-medical examination would result in any positive findings of sexual abuse as the child had not been physically injured. More importantly, the child in this case, who was under the age of thirteen years old and a relative of Mr. Hampton, first reported that Mr. Hampton’s actions began to occur more than three years prior to her reporting the incidents. Thus, there was an expectation that her delayed disclosure might require explanation not within the ken of the ordinary juror.

If specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or determining a fact at issue, “a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise.” La. C.E. art. 702. “A combination of specialized training, work experience, and practical application of the expert’s knowledge can combine to demonstrate that a person is an expert.” State v. Friday, 10-2309, p. 24 (La.App. 1 Cir. 6/17/11), 73 So.3d 913, 930. We may also consider whether a witness has previously been qualified as an expert. See id.

Dr. Jackson earned an undergraduate degree in psychology from the University of Florida.

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Bluebook (online)
136 So. 3d 240, 2013 La.App. 4 Cir. 0580, 2014 WL 700511, 2014 La. App. LEXIS 439, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hampton-lactapp-2014.