[Cite as State v. Hammed, 2012-Ohio-1357.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97282
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
MUSTAFA S. HAMMED DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-549889
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Blackmon, A.J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 29, 2012
-i- 2
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Andrew Rogalski Assistant Prosecuting Attorney The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Joseph B. Rose, III Law Office of Joseph B. Rose 75 Public Square Suite 800 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.: 3
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant the state of Ohio appeals from the trial court order that
dismissed the indictment brought against defendant-appellee Mustafa Hammed.
{¶2} The state presents a single assignment of error, claiming that the trial court
improperly determined the indictment should be dismissed because the state violated
Ohio’s “speedy trial” statutes.
{¶3} Upon a review of the App.R. 9(A) record, this court finds the trial court’s
decision was correct. Consequently, the state’s assignment of error is overruled. The
trial court’s order is affirmed.
{¶4} The state concedes the underlying facts of this case. The record demonstrates
the indictment against Hammed was based on an incident that occurred in the city of
Parma, Ohio on February 27, 2010.
{¶5} On that night, a Parma police officer stopped the vehicle Hammed drove for
an “equipment violation,” viz., illegal window tint. When the officer spoke to Hammed,
Hammed appeared as if he might be impaired, and the officer noticed inside the vehicle
on the front center console, in plain view, a plastic bag containing white and blue round
tablets. Hammed admitted he had purchased the pills for personal use.
{¶6} The officer thereupon arrested Hammed and issued citations to him that
charged him with violation of the state drug law, R.C. 2925.11, and violations of two
Parma Codified Ordinances, viz., 620.03, drug possession, and 337.225, tinted windows.
Hammed spent two days in the city jail. 4
{¶7} The pills confiscated from Hammed’s vehicle were submitted to the state
investigative laboratory for forensic analysis. The pills were found to be Percocet and
Vicodin tablets, which are Schedule III drugs.
{¶8} On May 18, 2010, Hammed appeared in Parma Municipal Court. He entered
into a plea agreement, whereby in exchange for his guilty plea to an amended municipal
charge of possession of marijuana, the city dismissed the tinted window violation.
{¶9} On February 17, 2011, a felony warrant was issued for Hammed’s arrest on
the state drug law violation. The state acknowledges Hammed was arrested on May 4,
2011.
{¶10} On May 11, 2011, the Cuyahoga County Grand Jury issued the indictment in
this case against Hammed, charging him based upon the February 27, 2010 incident with
three counts of drug possession in violation of R.C. 2925.11.
{¶11} Hammed filed a motion to dismiss the indictment. He asserted the state
failed to comply with R.C. 2945.71(C)(2); therefore, R.C. 2945.73(B) mandated dismissal
of the indictment. Hammed attached evidentiary material to his motion and requested an
oral hearing.
{¶12} After the state filed an opposition brief, the trial court conducted a hearing.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court issued an opinion and order that granted
Hammed’s motion. 5
{¶13} The state appeals from the trial court’s dismissal of the indictment; the state
presents the following assignment of error:
“I. The trial court erred by granting Defendant-Appellee’s motion for
discharge and dismissal for violation of Ohio’s statutory speedy-trial law.”
{¶14} The state argues that, although Hammed was convicted in municipal court
based on the February 27, 2010 incident, because he thereafter “faced no pending
criminal charges and was neither held in jail nor released upon bail,” the trial court
improperly applied R.C. 2945.71(C)(2). The state contends the speedy trial time was
“tolled” between the time Hammed resolved the municipal charges and the time he was
arrested on the pending indictment in this case. The state’s argument lacks merit.
{¶15} R.C. 2945.71 states in pertinent part:
(C) A person against whom a charge of felony is pending: *** (2) Shall be brought to trial within two hundred seventy days after the person’s arrest. (D) A person against whom one or more charges of different degrees, whether felonies, misdemeanors, or combinations of felonies and misdemeanors, all of which arose out of the same act or transaction, are pending shall be brought to trial on all of the charges within the time period required for the highest degree of offense charged, as determined under divisions (A), (B), and (C) of this section. (Emphasis added.)
{¶16} When an appellate court reviews a statutory speedy trial question, it “should apply a de
novo standard of review to the legal issues but afford great deference to any findings of fact made by
the trial court.” State v. Jenkins, 8th Dist. No. 95006, 2011-Ohio-837, ¶ 10, citing State v. Barnes, 8th
Dist. No. 90847, 2008-Ohio-5472, ¶ 17. The state concedes that no factual issues exist in this case. 6
{¶17} Proceeding, therefore, to the legal analysis of the application of statutory speedy trial
provisions to a case, this court noted as follows in State v. Rutkowski, 8th Dist. No. 86289,
2006-Ohio-108, ¶ 17-18:
It is well established that the Ohio speedy trial statute constitutes a rational effort to enforce the constitutional right to a public speedy trial of an accused charged with the commission of a felony or misdemeanor and shall be strictly enforced by the courts of this state. State v. Pachay (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 218, 416 N.E.2d 589. Once the statutory limit has expired, the defendant has established a prima facie
case for dismissal. State v. Howard (1992), 79 Ohio App.3d 705, 607 N.E.2d 1121. At
that point, the burden shifts to the state to demonstrate that sufficient time was tolled
pursuant to R.C. 2945.72. State v. Geraldo (1983), 13 Ohio App.3d 27, 468 N.E.2d 328.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶18} In its appellate brief, the state asserts that the “interval” between Hammed’s plea and
conviction in the municipal court case and his arrest on the instant felony indictment “tolled” the
statutory speedy trial time. The state goes on at some length attempting to support its assertion by
distinguishing the facts of this case from the facts in the cases that the trial court relied upon as the
basis for its decision, i.e., Rutkowski and State v. Baker, 78 Ohio St.3d 108, 676 N.E.2d 883 (1997).
{¶19} The state is more persuasive in its effort, however, than it wants to be, because the record
of this case demonstrates the state drug law violation with which Hammed was charged on February 27,
2010 was never resolved in the municipal court. Therefore, this charge remained “pending” for
purposes of R.C. 2945.71.
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[Cite as State v. Hammed, 2012-Ohio-1357.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97282
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
MUSTAFA S. HAMMED DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-549889
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Blackmon, A.J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 29, 2012
-i- 2
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Andrew Rogalski Assistant Prosecuting Attorney The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Joseph B. Rose, III Law Office of Joseph B. Rose 75 Public Square Suite 800 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.: 3
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant the state of Ohio appeals from the trial court order that
dismissed the indictment brought against defendant-appellee Mustafa Hammed.
{¶2} The state presents a single assignment of error, claiming that the trial court
improperly determined the indictment should be dismissed because the state violated
Ohio’s “speedy trial” statutes.
{¶3} Upon a review of the App.R. 9(A) record, this court finds the trial court’s
decision was correct. Consequently, the state’s assignment of error is overruled. The
trial court’s order is affirmed.
{¶4} The state concedes the underlying facts of this case. The record demonstrates
the indictment against Hammed was based on an incident that occurred in the city of
Parma, Ohio on February 27, 2010.
{¶5} On that night, a Parma police officer stopped the vehicle Hammed drove for
an “equipment violation,” viz., illegal window tint. When the officer spoke to Hammed,
Hammed appeared as if he might be impaired, and the officer noticed inside the vehicle
on the front center console, in plain view, a plastic bag containing white and blue round
tablets. Hammed admitted he had purchased the pills for personal use.
{¶6} The officer thereupon arrested Hammed and issued citations to him that
charged him with violation of the state drug law, R.C. 2925.11, and violations of two
Parma Codified Ordinances, viz., 620.03, drug possession, and 337.225, tinted windows.
Hammed spent two days in the city jail. 4
{¶7} The pills confiscated from Hammed’s vehicle were submitted to the state
investigative laboratory for forensic analysis. The pills were found to be Percocet and
Vicodin tablets, which are Schedule III drugs.
{¶8} On May 18, 2010, Hammed appeared in Parma Municipal Court. He entered
into a plea agreement, whereby in exchange for his guilty plea to an amended municipal
charge of possession of marijuana, the city dismissed the tinted window violation.
{¶9} On February 17, 2011, a felony warrant was issued for Hammed’s arrest on
the state drug law violation. The state acknowledges Hammed was arrested on May 4,
2011.
{¶10} On May 11, 2011, the Cuyahoga County Grand Jury issued the indictment in
this case against Hammed, charging him based upon the February 27, 2010 incident with
three counts of drug possession in violation of R.C. 2925.11.
{¶11} Hammed filed a motion to dismiss the indictment. He asserted the state
failed to comply with R.C. 2945.71(C)(2); therefore, R.C. 2945.73(B) mandated dismissal
of the indictment. Hammed attached evidentiary material to his motion and requested an
oral hearing.
{¶12} After the state filed an opposition brief, the trial court conducted a hearing.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court issued an opinion and order that granted
Hammed’s motion. 5
{¶13} The state appeals from the trial court’s dismissal of the indictment; the state
presents the following assignment of error:
“I. The trial court erred by granting Defendant-Appellee’s motion for
discharge and dismissal for violation of Ohio’s statutory speedy-trial law.”
{¶14} The state argues that, although Hammed was convicted in municipal court
based on the February 27, 2010 incident, because he thereafter “faced no pending
criminal charges and was neither held in jail nor released upon bail,” the trial court
improperly applied R.C. 2945.71(C)(2). The state contends the speedy trial time was
“tolled” between the time Hammed resolved the municipal charges and the time he was
arrested on the pending indictment in this case. The state’s argument lacks merit.
{¶15} R.C. 2945.71 states in pertinent part:
(C) A person against whom a charge of felony is pending: *** (2) Shall be brought to trial within two hundred seventy days after the person’s arrest. (D) A person against whom one or more charges of different degrees, whether felonies, misdemeanors, or combinations of felonies and misdemeanors, all of which arose out of the same act or transaction, are pending shall be brought to trial on all of the charges within the time period required for the highest degree of offense charged, as determined under divisions (A), (B), and (C) of this section. (Emphasis added.)
{¶16} When an appellate court reviews a statutory speedy trial question, it “should apply a de
novo standard of review to the legal issues but afford great deference to any findings of fact made by
the trial court.” State v. Jenkins, 8th Dist. No. 95006, 2011-Ohio-837, ¶ 10, citing State v. Barnes, 8th
Dist. No. 90847, 2008-Ohio-5472, ¶ 17. The state concedes that no factual issues exist in this case. 6
{¶17} Proceeding, therefore, to the legal analysis of the application of statutory speedy trial
provisions to a case, this court noted as follows in State v. Rutkowski, 8th Dist. No. 86289,
2006-Ohio-108, ¶ 17-18:
It is well established that the Ohio speedy trial statute constitutes a rational effort to enforce the constitutional right to a public speedy trial of an accused charged with the commission of a felony or misdemeanor and shall be strictly enforced by the courts of this state. State v. Pachay (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 218, 416 N.E.2d 589. Once the statutory limit has expired, the defendant has established a prima facie
case for dismissal. State v. Howard (1992), 79 Ohio App.3d 705, 607 N.E.2d 1121. At
that point, the burden shifts to the state to demonstrate that sufficient time was tolled
pursuant to R.C. 2945.72. State v. Geraldo (1983), 13 Ohio App.3d 27, 468 N.E.2d 328.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶18} In its appellate brief, the state asserts that the “interval” between Hammed’s plea and
conviction in the municipal court case and his arrest on the instant felony indictment “tolled” the
statutory speedy trial time. The state goes on at some length attempting to support its assertion by
distinguishing the facts of this case from the facts in the cases that the trial court relied upon as the
basis for its decision, i.e., Rutkowski and State v. Baker, 78 Ohio St.3d 108, 676 N.E.2d 883 (1997).
{¶19} The state is more persuasive in its effort, however, than it wants to be, because the record
of this case demonstrates the state drug law violation with which Hammed was charged on February 27,
2010 was never resolved in the municipal court. Therefore, this charge remained “pending” for
purposes of R.C. 2945.71.
{¶20} With respect to the state’s argument, the following language in Jenkins at ¶ 23 applies: 7
[W]here the original charges were dismissed without prejudice and the defendant
was reindicted, the time period between the dismissal without prejudice and the date on
which the new indictment was filed is tolled and not counted in the speedy trial
computation, unless the defendant remained in jail or was released on bail pursuant to
Crim.R. 12(I). [State v. Byrd, 8th Dist. No. 91433, 2009-Ohio-3283] at ¶ 16, citing State
v. Azbell, 112 Ohio St.3d 300, 2006-Ohio-6552, 859 N.E.2d 532. * * * The State is not
subject to the speedy trial timetable of the initial indictment when additional criminal
charges arise from facts different from the original charges, and the State did not know
of these facts at the time of the initial indictment. State v. Baker (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d
108, 676 N.E.2d 883; State v. Robertson, Cuyahoga App. No. 94883, 2010-Ohio-6185.
{¶21} It follows that, if the violation of state drug law charge against Hammed was neither
dismissed, nor, indeed, resolved in any way, the charge remained pending. Because the state concedes
that “[o]bviously more than 270 days elapsed since Defendant’s initial arrest at the end of February,
2010” and the issuance of the indictment in this case, the state violated R.C. 2945.71(C) in filing that
indictment. The trial court thus correctly dismissed it. R.C. 2945.73(B).
{¶22} Accordingly, the state’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶23} The trial court’s order is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 8
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas court to
carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________________________ KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, A.J., and FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR 9