State v. Hall

929 So. 2d 281, 2006 WL 1085783
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedApril 26, 2006
Docket40,824-KA
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 929 So. 2d 281 (State v. Hall) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hall, 929 So. 2d 281, 2006 WL 1085783 (La. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

929 So.2d 281 (2006)

STATE of Louisiana, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Larry Gerard HALL, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 40,824-KA.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

April 26, 2006.
Rehearing Denied May 11, 2006.

*283 Louisiana Appellate Project by Mary Constance Hanes, Paula Corley Marx, for Defendant-Appellant.

Paul Joseph Carmouche, District Attorney, Jason Trevor Brown, Assistant District Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Before STEWART, CARAWAY and DREW, JJ.

DREW, J.

Larry Gerard Hall was convicted at bench trial of unauthorized entry of a place of business, La. R.S.14:62.4, adjudicated a fourth felony habitual offender, and sentenced to eight years at hard labor, without benefit of probation or suspension of sentence. Both the defendant and the state appeal. We affirm in all respects.

FACTS

On Sunday afternoon, August 1, 2002, a silent alarm sounded at Berg, Inc., a plumbing, heating and air conditioning business, which was completely surrounded by an eight-foot fence, most of it topped with barbed and razor wire. Security officer David Semon responded to the alarm and spotted an intruder removing two armloads of copper pipe from inside a Berg building. The man threw a third load over the fence. Approaching to within five feet of the man, Semon asked him if *284 he was a Berg employee.[1] The culprit threw down the pipe and ran for approximately 150 yards. Semon saw the man jump over the fence and run across an open field, where he witnessed the man's apprehension by Shreveport police officers. Semon testified that he never lost sight of the man at any time before his arrest.

When Officer Barry Hornsby and Corporal S.W. Plunkett of the Shreveport Police Department first arrived at the scene, they observed a black male moving pipes around inside the fenced-in area of the Berg property. They then observed him run and jump over the fence. Corporal Plunkett pursued the man on foot while Officer Hornsby drove the police car one block north, where they arrested him. The defendant was identified by both officers at trial as the same man they arrested.

The defendant was never given permission to be inside the Berg, Inc. property, and did not present any witnesses at trial.

Hall was charged with unauthorized entry of a place of business, La. R.S. 14:62.4. He waived his right to trial by jury and was convicted as charged. The state successfully adjudicated Hall as a fourth felony habitual offender. The defendant filed a motion to deviate from the minimum fourth felony habitual offender sentence. The state presented no evidence in opposition to this motion.

At the sentencing hearing, the learned trial court found that the minimum sentence of imprisonment for 20 years was constitutionally excessive under the circumstances of this habitual offender proceeding. Hall was sentenced to eight years at hard labor, without benefit of probation or suspension of sentence, and with credit for time served. Both defendant and state now appeal. We affirm.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

Defendant argues that the state failed to prove an element of the offense of unauthorized entry of a place of business because it was not proven that the barrier surrounding the business was at least six feet high. We disagree.

The defendant was convicted of unauthorized entry of a place of business, a violation of La. R.S. 14:62.4(A), which provides:

Unauthorized entry of a place of business is the intentional entry by a person without authority into any structure or onto any premises, belonging to another, that is completely enclosed by any type of physical barrier that is at least six feet in height and used in whole or in part as a place of business.

The law on reviewing convictions for sufficiency of the evidence is clear.[2]

*285 A review of this sparse record clearly reveals that, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime of unauthorized entry of a place of business proven beyond a reasonable doubt. At least three of the state's witnesses testified that the fence enclosing the business was at least six feet tall. Apparently the trial judge believed these witnesses. The defense does not argue that the remaining elements of the crime were not sufficiently proved.

Photographs

On direct examination during the testimony of Robert Hamm, C.E.O. of Berg, Inc., the state offered into evidence four photographs of the fence that Mr. Hamm had taken. Defendant timely objected, complaining that the photographs were not provided during discovery. Indeed the photographs were not produced until the commencement of trial, as the state related that it had only received the photos on the morning of trial. The defense was allowed to examine the photos. After argument, the court allowed the photos to be introduced into evidence. These photos were forwarded with the record for appellate review.

Although the trial court noted its concern at the untimeliness of the state in turning over evidence, it held that the probative value of the photographs outweighed any prejudicial effect caused by the untimely provision of the photos.

Defendant argues that:

1. the photographs were not representative of the entire fence;
2. the photographs were not merely illustrative, but were presented to prove that the fence surrounding the business was six feet high; and
3. it was reversible error for the trial court to admit the photographs.

All relevant evidence is admissible, except where limited by law. La. C.E. art. 402. Relevant evidence is evidence that has any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence. La. C.E. art. 401. Although relevant, evidence may nonetheless be excluded if the probative value is substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect. La. C.E. art. 403. A trial judge's determination regarding the relevancy and admissibility of evidence will not be overturned on appeal absent a clear abuse of discretion. State v. Myles, 04-677 (La.App. 5th Cir.1/25/05), 894 So.2d 515.

Photographs are generally admissible if they illustrate any fact, shed any light upon an issue in the case, or are relevant to describe the person, thing or place depicted, assuming that their probative value outweighs any prejudicial effect. See State v. Hopkins, 39,730 (La.App.2d Cir.8/17/05), 908 So.2d 1265; State v. Battaglia, 03-692 (La.App. 5th Cir.11/25/03), 861 So.2d 704, writ denied, 04-1701 (La.4/29/05), 901 So.2d 1058.

The trial court has great discretion in admitting photographs into evidence, and the court's ruling will not be disturbed absent an abuse of that discretion. State v. Hopkins, supra.

*286 A review of the record reveals that the trial court did not abuse its great discretion in admitting the photographs into evidence. The photos of the fence shed some light on the issue of whether the fence was at least six feet in height and is therefore relevant to an element of the crime of unauthorized entry of a place of business. However, considering that several witnesses testified as to the height of the fence, the photographs were merely cumulative as to this issue, with little or no prejudicial effect. See La. C.E. arts. 401, 403; State v.

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Related

State v. Hall
969 So. 2d 827 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2007)

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Bluebook (online)
929 So. 2d 281, 2006 WL 1085783, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hall-lactapp-2006.