State v. Guice

950 So. 2d 880, 2006 La.App. 4 Cir. 1146, 2007 La. App. LEXIS 62, 2007 WL 128248
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 10, 2007
DocketNo. 2006-KA-1146
StatusPublished

This text of 950 So. 2d 880 (State v. Guice) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Guice, 950 So. 2d 880, 2006 La.App. 4 Cir. 1146, 2007 La. App. LEXIS 62, 2007 WL 128248 (La. Ct. App. 2007).

Opinion

TERRI F. LOVE, Judge.

hOn December 16, 2004, in case number 454-594 “K”, the state filed a bill of information charging defendant, Michael Guice, Jr1., with possession with intent to distribute cocaine, in violation of La.R.S. 40:967. Defendant’s bond was set at $10,000.00; defendant filed a bond on December 17, 2004. Defendant pleaded not guilty at his arraignment on January 6, 2005. A hearing non motions was set for February 4, 2005 and continued, by a defense motion, to March 10, 2005. On that day, defendant failed to appear for the hearing on motions. An alias capias was issued for his arrest without bond, and the case was continued without date. Subsequently, on April 18, 2005, defendant appeared in court without counsel; the alias capias was recalled. A motion hearing was set for May 6, 2005; defendant again appeared without counsel. A hearing to determine counsel was set for May 17, 2005. On that date the district court found no probable cause to hold defendant pending his trial which was set for June 21, 2005. On that day, the state requested a continuance which the district court denied. The state entered a nolle prosequi, and defendant was released.

|sThe case was reinstated fifteen days later on July 6, 2005 as case number 460-952 which was allotted to Section “K” to follow the previous case, 454-594 “K”. On August 11, 2005, defendant was appointed defense counsel; defendant entered a plea of not guilty; defense counsel filed a motion to quash the bill of information. The district court granted the motion on August 17, 2005. The state appeals. The state filed a motion and order to supplement the record on September 18, 2006 which was subsequently granted by this court on September 21, 2006.

FACTS

Because the record in case number 454-594 is unavailable, the facts surrounding defendant’s arrest, which can be adduced from the instant case, are limited to what is stated in the bill of information. On October 12, 2004, the defendant willfully and unlawfully possessed, with intent to distribute, a controlled dangerous substance, to wit: cocaine (crack) in violation of La.R.S. 40:967.

MOTION TO QUASH

On August 11, 2005, relator filed a two paragraph motion to quash arguing that [882]*882his constitutional right to a speedy trial2 was violated because the state nolle prose-quied the charges and subsequently reinstated them after the state was denied a continuance of the hearing on motions.

In a single assignment of error, the state counters that the trial court improperly granted defense counsel’s motion to quash the bill of information reinstituting prosecution because defendant failed to carry his burden of proving that the delay between the filing of the original bill of information and the filing | sand granting of the motion to quash was presumptively prejudicial and triggered a violation of defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial.

A defendant has the right under the Sixth Amendment and Article 1, Section 16 of the Louisiana Constitution to a speedy trial. This constitutional right attaches when an individual becomes an accused either by formal indictment or by arrest and actual restraint. United States v. Marion, 404 U.S. 307, 92 S.Ct. 455, 30 L.Ed.2d 468 (1971); State v. Sweeney, 443 So.2d 522 (La.1983). In Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972), the Supreme Court set out the following four factors to determine whether a defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial has been violated: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reasons for the delay; (3) the defendant’s assertion of his right to a speedy trial; and (4) the prejudice to the defendant as a result of the delay. The court stated that the length of the delay was the triggering mechanism; and, until the delay was presumptively prejudicial, there was no need to inquire into the other factors. The court further stated that the length of the delay, which would provoke such an inquiry, was dependent upon the peculiar circumstances of the case. The court noted that the reason for the delay was closely related to the length of the delay and that different weights would be given to different reasons. As to the defendant’s assertion of his right to a speedy trial, the court stated that the assertion of the right was entitled to strong evidentiary weight in determining whether the defendant was deprived of his right. Regarding the final factor, the court stated that prejudice was to be assessed in light of the interests of the defendant which the speedy trial right was designed to protect. The court identified those interests as preventing oppressive pretrial incarceration, minimizing the anxiety and concern of the defendant, and limiting the possibility that the defense would be impaired.

|4In State v. Reaves, 376 So.2d 136 (La.1979), the defendant was charged with possession of one marijuana cigarette, a misdemeanor, and trial was set and continued four times in the three and one-half months since charges had been brought. On the fourth trial date, the State moved for a continuance because its principal witness was absent. The trial court denied the continuance, and the State nolle prose-quied the bill of information. The State then filed a new bill of information, which the defendant moved to quash on the basis that he had been denied his right to a speedy trial. The trial court granted the motion, and the Supreme Court affirmed. The court stated that, although the defendant had not been subjected to an ex[883]*883tremely long delay, he was denied his right to a speedy trial. The continuances had been caused by the failure of the arresting officer to appear at trial to testify for the State, and the court stated that the responsibility for these repeated absences had to rest with the State. The defendant had not moved for a speedy trial before filing his motion to quash. The court stated that because the defendant was charged with a misdemeanor, the prejudice requirement was not as stringent.

In State v. DeRouen, 96-0725, p. 2-3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 6/26/96), 678 So.2d 39, fifteen months elapsed between institution of prosecution and the granting of the motion to quash. Two of the trial continuances were attributable to the State and the balance to weather, a crowded docket, and the actions of co-defendants. Furthermore, the defendant was not incarcerated during the pendency of the proceedings. In finding that the trial court erred, this Court stated that the |5defendant was not prejudiced to the extent found in State v. Esteen, 95-1079 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/3/96), 672 So.2d 1098.3

In two other cases, this Court has held that the right to a speedy trial was not violated by a nineteen month delay and a twenty-two month delay between the filing of the bill of information and the defendant’s motion to quash. In State v. Brown, 93-0666 (La.App. 4 Cir. 7/27/94), 641 So.2d 687, there were eight continuances during the nineteen months between the institution of prosecution and the granting of the motion to quash, and only two were directly attributable to the state. Furthermore, the defense did not object to the delays until the filing of its motion to quash, and no prejudice to the defendant was shown. Id.

In State v. Johnson, 622 So.2d 845 (La. App. 4 Cir.1993), the defendant argued in a pro se

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Related

United States v. Marion
404 U.S. 307 (Supreme Court, 1971)
Barker v. Wingo
407 U.S. 514 (Supreme Court, 1972)
State v. Johnson
622 So. 2d 845 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1993)
State v. Brown
641 So. 2d 687 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1994)
State v. Love
847 So. 2d 1198 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 2003)
State v. Reaves
376 So. 2d 136 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1979)
State v. DeRouen
678 So. 2d 39 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1996)
State v. Sweeney
443 So. 2d 522 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1983)
State v. Harris
857 So. 2d 16 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2003)
State v. Esteen
672 So. 2d 1098 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1996)

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Bluebook (online)
950 So. 2d 880, 2006 La.App. 4 Cir. 1146, 2007 La. App. LEXIS 62, 2007 WL 128248, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-guice-lactapp-2007.