State v. Green

641 S.W.2d 770, 1982 Mo. App. LEXIS 3768
Missouri Court of Appeals·Decided August 3, 1982·No. No. WD 32404·Published·Cited by 3 cases

Opinions

KENNEDY, Judge.

By the verdict of a jury appellant was found guilty of attempted rape and burglary, and his punishment was set by it at seven and ten years respectively. Thereafter, the trial court held a hearing upon the allegation that appellant was a dangerous offender, and finding that he was, enhanced his punishment to ten and fourteen years, respectively, the sentences to run consecutively, a total of twenty-four years.

The sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the convictions is not questioned. On May 21, 1980, the victim of the attempted rape, being six months pregnant, was in Room 546 at the Osteopathic Hospital. About 9:00 p.m. someone entered her room, sat on her bed, grabbed her by the throat and told her to shut up. He started fondling her breasts and vaginal area. He asked her if he could get in, and she told him, “no, that it would kill my baby”. She then heard a jingling noise like a belt unbuckling or something similar. He told her to shut off the call light and grabbed her by the throat, choking and squeezing it. She saw his fist raised, and the overhead light came on and he then got up and ran. Nurse Holman opened the door to Room 546 and saw a man partially on the victim’s bed with his hand around her throat and pulling the bedclothes down. The man got off the bed, grabbed his shoes and ran past Nurse Holman, who smelled alcohol on his breath as he did so. Nurse Holman identified appellant as the man she saw get off the elevator across from her desk, and he then went toward the O.B. end of the floor. She saw him 30 minutes later running toward the elevators with his shoes in his hand, being chased by nurses. He was arrested by security guards on the fifth floor of the hospital, at which time his pants were partially unfastened.

In the hearing upon the allegation that appellant was a dangerous offender, Dr. William Hamilton, D.O., testified. He is an obstetrician and a gynecologist, and the victim here was his patient. She was in the hospital because of a premature rupture of the membrane which contained the fetus. The membrane serves as a protection against bacteria which are normally in the vaginal vault, and once broken the bacteria would have access to the uterine cavity, placenta and the cavity itself. In the victim’s case, the doctor was trying to prevent delivery by temporary measures to encourage fetal maturity and to keep the patient in a sterile atmosphere. Dr. Hamilton’s opinions were that if penetration of the victim had occurred, there would have been [772]*772a significant threat of inner-uterine infection, and this was very likely. If infection had occurred, danger to the mother would involve infection of the uterus which could spread to the blood stream. If the infection is localized within the uterus, hysterectomy is usually indicated. If really serious bacteria or spread of the infection to the bloodstream occurs, it could be life-threatening, and death could occur from penetration.

On cross-examination, Dr. Hamilton could not say that an infection from penetration would have occurred to any reasonable medical certainty. The infection could have occurred from any type of septic contamination without any type of intercourse. And,

“Q. And these things are things which would not be obvious to a lay person, the risk of infection, et cetera, is that correct?
“A. I would think not.”

On redirect examination Dr. Hamilton testified that penetration would cause a substantial risk of infection, and that infection would pose a substantial risk of injury to the mother and to the fetus — a serious physical injury. The risk was to both but greater as to the fetus.

The enhancement or extended term statute, before it was amended by Laws 1980, § 558.016, RSMo (L.1977, S.B. No. 60, p. 662, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1979), provided:

3. A “dangerous offender” is one who: (1) Is being sentenced for a felony during the commission of which he knowingly murdered or éndangered or threatened the life of another person or knowingly inflicted or attempted or threatened to inflict serious physical injury on another person; and
(2) Has been previously convicted of a Class A or B felony or of a dangerous felony. (Emphasis supplied.)

There was evidence that appellant had been previously convicted of assault with intent to do great bodily harm without malice, at least a Class B felony.

Under “Code definitions” of § 556.-061(24), RSMo 1978, “ ‘Serious physical injury’ means physical injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.” (Emphasis supplied.)

Appellant’s first point is the evidence was insufficient to support enhancement of his punishment by the trial court in its finding that he “knowingly threatened to inflict serious physical injury on the victim” in that the evidence failed to support that he knew that completion of sexual intercourse with the victim might have caused a serious infection, or that by raising his fist, he manifested a threat or intention to cause serious physical injury.

We disallow appellant’s point. In “grabbing”, “squeezing” and “choking” (the words of the victim herself) the victim’s throat; and holding his fist before her face in a menacing manner; and in undertaking, in the manner described above, to force intercourse upon her, the defendant “knowingly threatened to inflict serious physical injury” upon her, within the meaning of the quoted statute. His seizing and squeezing her throat — at the beginning of the assault, and again when she summoned help by the means of the call light — was a threat of asphyxiation, a “serious physical injury”. The threat was enhanced by the upraised fist, cocked to strike.

The defendant may be correct in arguing that he could not be expected to know that intercourse would create a risk of a serious infection, creating a substantial risk both to the fetus and to the mother, a matter for expert medical testimony. The defendant, however, was expressly told by the victim that intercourse “would kill my baby”. In the context of this woman’s being a patient in the hospital, the warning should have had added meaning to the defendant. Whether intercourse, had it been completed, by itself posed a “substantial risk of death” to the mother is not shown by the evidence nor judicially known to us. We consider it only as showing a certain state of mind of indifference to consequences which, like the upraised fist, colors his actions in threatening to throttle the victim. The trial court’s [773]*773finding that defendant was a “dangerous offender” is well supported by the evidence recounted in this and the preceding paragraph.

Appellant then contends that the court erred in instructing the jury that the court could not exceed the punishment assessed and declared by the jury by its verdict. The instruction complained of was MAI-CR2d 2.60, without modification. Defendant says the jury was misinformed by this instruction, because the punishment was increased by the court under the Dangerous Offender Statute, § 558.016, RSMo 1978 (Cum.Supp.1982). A similar contention has been considered and rejected by our Supreme Court in State v. Hunter, 586 S.W.2d 345, 346, 347 (Mo. banc 1979). See also State v. Van Horn, 625 S.W.2d 874

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

State v. Green, 641 S.W.2d 770, 1982 Mo. App. LEXIS 3768 (Mo. Ct. App. 1982).

641 S.W.2d 770 (State v. Green) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

State v. Delaney
973 S.W.2d 152 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1998)
State v. Alexander
693 S.W.2d 216 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1985)
State v. Levering
661 S.W.2d 792 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1983)