[Cite as State v. Graves, 2013-Ohio-2911.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99141
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
TIMOTHY GRAVES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-545970
BEFORE: Boyle, P.J., Celebrezze, J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 3, 2013 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Thomas A. Rein Leader Building, Suite 940 526 Superior Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44114
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor BY: Katherine Mullin James M. Price Joseph J. Ricotta Assistant County Prosecutors The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY J. BOYLE, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Timothy Graves, appeals his sentence raising the
following three assignments of error:
I. The trial court erred by ordering appellant to pay costs.
II. The fine imposed at the sentencing hearing infringes upon appellant’s rights under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, R.C. 2929.18, R.C. 2929.19(B), R.C. 2947.14, and related sections of the Ohio Constitution.
III. Appellant’s sentence as to the fine is contrary to law and an abuse of discretion as it was not properly imposed.
{¶2} Finding some merit to the appeal, we reverse the sentence in part and
remand for a limited sentencing hearing as set forth in this opinion.
Procedural History and Facts
{¶3} Graves pleaded guilty to a single count of receiving stolen property, a
violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fifth degree. At his sentencing hearing, the
trial court imposed the following sentence:
All right. Well, the purposes and principles of felony sentencing in this State are to protect the public and punish the offender. In this case, as I stated, there is mandatory community control. Therefore, the court finds that you are to serve a term of 18 months of community control, under basic supervision. I will order community work service of 40 hours; random drug testing; notify on the first positive or dilute specimen; obtain/maintain employment; no contact with the victim; obviously pay the restitution [$110.37] and the court costs in this matter.
And to make your memory a visit to the court today, I’m also going to
impose a $2,000 fine in this case. {¶4} The trial court further informed Graves that if he violated the terms of his
community control sanctions, the court would sentence him to 12 months in prison and
that he would be subject to a discretionary period of three years postrelease control
following his release.
{¶5} Following the trial court stating the sentence, defense counsel objected to the
trial court imposing any fines other than paying the restitution amount on the grounds that
Graves was indigent. The trial court responded by noting the objection, overruling it, and
then imposing the fine as stated.
{¶6} This appeal now follows.
Imposition of Costs
{¶7} In his first assignment of error, Graves argues that the trial court erred when
it ordered him to pay costs because it failed to warn him that if he did not pay costs, the
court could require him to perform community service. The state concedes this error and
we agree. Indeed, it is well settled that the notification requirement under R.C.
2947.23(A)(1)(a) is mandatory and must be given at the sentencing hearing. State v.
Huber, 8th Dist. No. 98206, 2012-Ohio-6139, ¶ 32, citing State v. Smith, 131 Ohio St.3d
297, 2012-Ohio-781, 964 N.E.2d 423, ¶ 10.
{¶8} The first assignment of error is sustained.
Imposition of $2,000 Fine
{¶9} In his second assignment of error, Graves argues that the trial court erred in
imposing a $2,000 fine without first considering his ability to pay such a fine. Notably, Graves does not challenge the trial court’s order to pay restitution, which was a part of his
plea agreement.
{¶10} R.C. 2929.18(A) permits a trial court to impose a financial sanction and fine
upon an offender who has committed a felony. Before doing so, however, “the court shall
consider the offender’s present and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or
fine.” R.C. 2929.19(B)(5). “There are no express factors that must be taken into
consideration nor specific findings that must be made by the court on the record, but there
must be some evidence in the record that the trial court considered the defendant’s ability
to pay.” State v. Schneider, 8th Dist. No. 96953, 2012-Ohio-1740, ¶ 10, citing State v.
Jacobs, 189 Ohio App.3d 283, 2010-Ohio-4010, 938 N.E.2d 79, ¶ 11 (8th Dist.).
{¶11} The state counters that the requirement set forth in R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) is a
low threshold and that Ohio law does not prohibit a court from imposing a fine on an
indigent defendant. Relying on this court’s decision in State v. Andera, 8th Dist. No.
92306, 2010-Ohio-3304, the state argues that the trial court’s statement that it “considered
all required factors of the law” in the journal entry sufficiently satisfies the low threshold
set in R.C. 2929.19(B). We disagree.
{¶12} We find two crucial facts in Andera that distinguish that case from the instant
one: (1) the defendant never objected to the fines ordered by the trial judge at the
sentencing hearing; and (2) the defendant hired counsel to represent him at the trial level.
In this case, Graves was indigent and had appointed counsel throughout. Further,
Graves’s defense counsel immediately objected to the imposition of the $2,000 fine. Despite defense counsel raising issue with Graves being indigent and the imposition of the
$2,000 fine, it does not appear from the record that the trial court gave any consideration
to Graves’s ability to pay the fine. And while there is evidence in the record that Graves
had a job at one point in time, there is nothing in the record to suggest that Graves still had
a job at the time of sentencing.
{¶13} Because there is no evidence that the trial court considered Graves’s present
and future ability to pay the fine, we find that the imposition of the fine is contrary to law
and that this portion of the sentence must be reversed. See, e.g., State v. Petrie, 4th Dist.
No. 12CA4, 2013-Ohio-887, ¶ 6 (“even though the court stated in its sentencing entry that
it considered the presentence investigation report, the record unequivocally shows that the
court was unaware of Petrie’s economic situation”); State v. Woods, 5th Dist. No.
12-CA-19, 2013-Ohio-1136 (finding that the trial court did not comply with R.C.
2929.19(B)(5) because there was no evidence in the record that the trial court considered
the defendant’s present and future ability to pay the fine).
{¶14} As for Graves’s reliance on R.C. 2947.14 for the proposition that the trial
court was required to have a separate hearing on his ability to pay the fine, we summarily
note that R.C. 2947.14, titled “Satisfaction of Fine,” deals with a defendant’s failure to pay
a fine and the requirement to hold a hearing prior to committing a defendant to jail or the
workhouse for nonpayment of the fine. See Cleveland v. Leneghan, 181 Ohio App.3d
378, 2009-Ohio-1086, 909 N.E.2d 148 (8th Dist.). In this case, Graves was not
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[Cite as State v. Graves, 2013-Ohio-2911.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99141
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
TIMOTHY GRAVES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-545970
BEFORE: Boyle, P.J., Celebrezze, J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 3, 2013 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Thomas A. Rein Leader Building, Suite 940 526 Superior Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44114
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor BY: Katherine Mullin James M. Price Joseph J. Ricotta Assistant County Prosecutors The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY J. BOYLE, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Timothy Graves, appeals his sentence raising the
following three assignments of error:
I. The trial court erred by ordering appellant to pay costs.
II. The fine imposed at the sentencing hearing infringes upon appellant’s rights under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, R.C. 2929.18, R.C. 2929.19(B), R.C. 2947.14, and related sections of the Ohio Constitution.
III. Appellant’s sentence as to the fine is contrary to law and an abuse of discretion as it was not properly imposed.
{¶2} Finding some merit to the appeal, we reverse the sentence in part and
remand for a limited sentencing hearing as set forth in this opinion.
Procedural History and Facts
{¶3} Graves pleaded guilty to a single count of receiving stolen property, a
violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fifth degree. At his sentencing hearing, the
trial court imposed the following sentence:
All right. Well, the purposes and principles of felony sentencing in this State are to protect the public and punish the offender. In this case, as I stated, there is mandatory community control. Therefore, the court finds that you are to serve a term of 18 months of community control, under basic supervision. I will order community work service of 40 hours; random drug testing; notify on the first positive or dilute specimen; obtain/maintain employment; no contact with the victim; obviously pay the restitution [$110.37] and the court costs in this matter.
And to make your memory a visit to the court today, I’m also going to
impose a $2,000 fine in this case. {¶4} The trial court further informed Graves that if he violated the terms of his
community control sanctions, the court would sentence him to 12 months in prison and
that he would be subject to a discretionary period of three years postrelease control
following his release.
{¶5} Following the trial court stating the sentence, defense counsel objected to the
trial court imposing any fines other than paying the restitution amount on the grounds that
Graves was indigent. The trial court responded by noting the objection, overruling it, and
then imposing the fine as stated.
{¶6} This appeal now follows.
Imposition of Costs
{¶7} In his first assignment of error, Graves argues that the trial court erred when
it ordered him to pay costs because it failed to warn him that if he did not pay costs, the
court could require him to perform community service. The state concedes this error and
we agree. Indeed, it is well settled that the notification requirement under R.C.
2947.23(A)(1)(a) is mandatory and must be given at the sentencing hearing. State v.
Huber, 8th Dist. No. 98206, 2012-Ohio-6139, ¶ 32, citing State v. Smith, 131 Ohio St.3d
297, 2012-Ohio-781, 964 N.E.2d 423, ¶ 10.
{¶8} The first assignment of error is sustained.
Imposition of $2,000 Fine
{¶9} In his second assignment of error, Graves argues that the trial court erred in
imposing a $2,000 fine without first considering his ability to pay such a fine. Notably, Graves does not challenge the trial court’s order to pay restitution, which was a part of his
plea agreement.
{¶10} R.C. 2929.18(A) permits a trial court to impose a financial sanction and fine
upon an offender who has committed a felony. Before doing so, however, “the court shall
consider the offender’s present and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or
fine.” R.C. 2929.19(B)(5). “There are no express factors that must be taken into
consideration nor specific findings that must be made by the court on the record, but there
must be some evidence in the record that the trial court considered the defendant’s ability
to pay.” State v. Schneider, 8th Dist. No. 96953, 2012-Ohio-1740, ¶ 10, citing State v.
Jacobs, 189 Ohio App.3d 283, 2010-Ohio-4010, 938 N.E.2d 79, ¶ 11 (8th Dist.).
{¶11} The state counters that the requirement set forth in R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) is a
low threshold and that Ohio law does not prohibit a court from imposing a fine on an
indigent defendant. Relying on this court’s decision in State v. Andera, 8th Dist. No.
92306, 2010-Ohio-3304, the state argues that the trial court’s statement that it “considered
all required factors of the law” in the journal entry sufficiently satisfies the low threshold
set in R.C. 2929.19(B). We disagree.
{¶12} We find two crucial facts in Andera that distinguish that case from the instant
one: (1) the defendant never objected to the fines ordered by the trial judge at the
sentencing hearing; and (2) the defendant hired counsel to represent him at the trial level.
In this case, Graves was indigent and had appointed counsel throughout. Further,
Graves’s defense counsel immediately objected to the imposition of the $2,000 fine. Despite defense counsel raising issue with Graves being indigent and the imposition of the
$2,000 fine, it does not appear from the record that the trial court gave any consideration
to Graves’s ability to pay the fine. And while there is evidence in the record that Graves
had a job at one point in time, there is nothing in the record to suggest that Graves still had
a job at the time of sentencing.
{¶13} Because there is no evidence that the trial court considered Graves’s present
and future ability to pay the fine, we find that the imposition of the fine is contrary to law
and that this portion of the sentence must be reversed. See, e.g., State v. Petrie, 4th Dist.
No. 12CA4, 2013-Ohio-887, ¶ 6 (“even though the court stated in its sentencing entry that
it considered the presentence investigation report, the record unequivocally shows that the
court was unaware of Petrie’s economic situation”); State v. Woods, 5th Dist. No.
12-CA-19, 2013-Ohio-1136 (finding that the trial court did not comply with R.C.
2929.19(B)(5) because there was no evidence in the record that the trial court considered
the defendant’s present and future ability to pay the fine).
{¶14} As for Graves’s reliance on R.C. 2947.14 for the proposition that the trial
court was required to have a separate hearing on his ability to pay the fine, we summarily
note that R.C. 2947.14, titled “Satisfaction of Fine,” deals with a defendant’s failure to pay
a fine and the requirement to hold a hearing prior to committing a defendant to jail or the
workhouse for nonpayment of the fine. See Cleveland v. Leneghan, 181 Ohio App.3d
378, 2009-Ohio-1086, 909 N.E.2d 148 (8th Dist.). In this case, Graves was not
committed to jail or the workhouse for failure to pay a fine, and therefore this statute is inapplicable.
{¶15} Having found that the trial court erred as a matter of law in imposing a $2,000
fine, we reverse the imposition of the fine and remand this matter to the trial court for a
determination of Graves’s present and future ability to pay a fine. Based on our resolution
of the second assignment of error, we find that Graves’s third assignment of error is moot.
{¶16} In summary, this case is remanded for a limited sentencing hearing on (1) the issues of costs as set forth in the first assignment of error, and (2) Graves’s present and future ability to pay a $2,000 fine as set forth in the second assignment of error.
{¶17} Judgment reversed and case remanded for further proceedings consistent with
this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY J. BOYLE, PRESIDING JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., and LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR