State v. Grano

Opinion

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please see 2 Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please 3 also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other 4 deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the 5 filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 8 Plaintiff-Appellee, 9 v. NO. 29,961 10 ROGER GRANO, 11 Defendant-Appellant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF CURRY COUNTY 13 Stephen K. Quinn, District Judge

14 Gary K. King, Attorney General 15 Santa Fe, NM

16 for Appellee

17 Law Works LLC 18 John McCall 19 Albuquerque, NM

20 for Appellant

21 MEMORANDUM OPINION 22 BUSTAMANTE, Judge. 23 Defendant appeals his convictions for trafficking methamphetamine and 24 conspiracy to traffic methamphetamine. In this Court’s notice of proposed summary

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1 disposition, we proposed to affirm. Defendant has filed a memorandum in opposition 2 pursuant to several extensions granted by this Court. We have considered 3 Defendant’s arguments, and as we are not persuaded by them, we affirm. 4 Sufficiency of the Evidence 5 Defendant contends, pursuant to State v. Franklin, 78 N.M. 127, 428 P.2d 982 6 (1967), that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of either trafficking 7 methamphetamine or conspiracy to traffic methamphetamine. [DS 5] “In reviewing 8 the sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable 9 to the guilty verdict, indulging all reasonable inferences and resolving all conflicts in 10 the evidence in favor of the verdict.” State v. Cunningham, 2000-NMSC-009, ¶ 26, 11 128 N.M. 711, 998 P.2d 176. “The reviewing court does not weigh the evidence or 12 substitute its judgment for that of the fact finder as long as there is sufficient evidence 13 to support the verdict.” State v. Mora, 1997-NMSC-060, ¶ 27, 124 N.M. 346, 950 14 P.2d 789. “The relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light 15 most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the 16 essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Cunningham, 2000- 17 NMSC-009, ¶ 26 (alteration omitted) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

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1 In order to support a conviction for trafficking methamphetamine, the State was 2 required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that: on a particular date, (1) Defendant 3 “transferred methamphetamine to another,” and (2) Defendant “knew it was 4 methamphetamine.” [RP 113] In order to support a conviction for conspiracy to 5 commit trafficking a controlled substance, the State was required to prove beyond a 6 reasonable doubt that: on a particular date (1) Defendant and another person “by 7 words or acts agreed together to commit trafficking a controlled substance by 8 distribution,” and (2) Defendant and the other person “intended to commit trafficking 9 a controlled substance by distribution.” [RP 114] 10 At trial, Officer Caroland testified that he was present when Teresa Childers 11 made a phone call to Defendant to set up a drug buy. [DS 2] Before Childers made 12 the call, Officer Caroland and Childers’s probation officer searched both Childers and 13 her home thoroughly for drugs, and found only a pipe with methamphetamine residue 14 in it, but no other methamphetamine. [DS 2; RP 133] Officer Rains testified he had 15 given Childers $250 in bills to make the purchase. [DS 3] Officer Rains said he 16 observed Lisa Taylor and Defendant drive up to Childers’s home and he saw 17 Defendant go into the home. [DS 3] Officer Caroland testified that he hid in 18 Childers’s back bedroom during the buy. [DS 3] He said that after several minutes,

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1 he returned to the living room and obtained a bag of crystals from Childers, which a 2 laboratory test confirmed was one eighth of an ounce of methamphetamine. [DS 3] 3 Officer Rains testified that once Defendant left Childers’s home and got back 4 into the car with Taylor, Officer Rains stopped Taylor’s car and interrogated Taylor 5 and Defendant. [DS 3] Taylor had most of the bills in her possession that Officer 6 Rains had provided Childers for the buy. [RP 131] Defendant had one $20 bill that 7 Officer Rains had given Childers. [DS 4] 8 A recording of Defendant’s conversation with Officer Rains was played for the 9 jury. [DS 4] In the conversation, Officer Rains accused Defendant of getting the 10 methamphetamine from Taylor, selling it to Childers, and retaining a small 11 commission of $20. [DS 4] On the tape, Defendant at first denied the allegation, 12 saying that Childers owed him money, he went to get it from her, and while he was 13 there, she showed him a bag of methamphetamine, which he touched. [DS 4] Later, 14 however, Defendant said that when Childers called, he told her he “would look 15 around” for methamphetamine for her. [DS 4] Although it was not audible on the 16 tape, Officer Rains also testified that Defendant eventually admitted that he sold the 17 methamphetamine for Taylor in exchange for a small commission. [DS 4]

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1 Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, it was sufficient 2 to establish beyond a reasonable doubt the elements required for trafficking 3 methamphetamine and conspiracy to traffic methamphetamine in accordance with the 4 jury instructions. Based on the evidence, a reasonable juror could have concluded that 5 after Childers asked Defendant to get her some methamphetamine, Defendant and 6 Taylor agreed that Defendant would sell Childers methamphetamine he got from 7 Taylor in exchange for a $20 commission from the proceeds. A reasonable juror 8 could also have concluded that Defendant in fact sold Childers the methamphetamine. 9 To the degree that Defendant argued a theory that Childers set Defendant up by giving 10 him money for a past debt and then giving Officer Caroland methamphetamine that 11 was already stored in her home, the jury was entitled to reject this theory of the case, 12 in light of the evidence presented. See State v. Stefani, 2006-NMCA-073, ¶ 39, 139 13 N.M. 719, 137 P.3d 659 (noting that the jury is free to reject the defendant’s theory 14 of the case). 15 Although Defendant’s memorandum in opposition continues to argue that the 16 evidence was insufficient, he presents no facts or legal authorities that would persuade 17 this Court that this disposition is in error. He primarily argues that there was 18 insufficient direct evidence to support the convictions, but this argument fails to

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1 acknowledge that elements of an offense may be established by reasonable inferences 2 from the evidence. See State v. Higgins, 107 N.M. 617, 621, 762 P.2d 904, 908 (Ct. 3 App. 1988) (“[A] material fact necessary to support a verdict may be proved by 4 inferences”). Accordingly, we hold that the evidence was sufficient to support 5 Defendant’s convictions. 6 Error in the Admission of Evidence 7 Pursuant to Franklin, Defendant seeks to raise a new issue that was not 8 contained in his docketing statement. [MIO 8-9] However, Defendant failed to move 9 this Court to permit him to amend his docketing statement to add the new issue, and 10 he does not meet the requirements for amendment of the docketing statement. See 11 State v. Rael, 100 N.M. 193, 197, 668 P.2d 309, 313 (Ct. App. 1983) (stating that in 12 cases assigned to the summary calendar, this Court will grant a motion to amend the 13 docketing statement to include additional issues if the motion (1) is timely, (2) states 14 all facts material to a consideration of the new issues sought to be raised, (3) explains 15 how the issues were properly preserved or why they may be raised for the first time 16 on appeal, (4) demonstrates just cause by explaining why the issues were not 17 originally raised in the docketing statement, and (5) complies in other respects with 18 the appellate rules.). Defendant states that the issue was not preserved in the district

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1 court. [MIO 9] Furthermore, Defendant does not contend that the issue is viable. See 2 State v. Moore, 109 N.M. 119, 129, 782 P.2d 91, 101 (Ct. App. 1989) (stating that this 3 Court will deny motions to amend that raise issues that are not viable, even if they 4 allege fundamental or jurisdictional error), superceded by rule on other grounds as 5 recognized in State v. Salgado, 112 N.M. 537, 817 P.2d 730 (Ct. App. 1991). Because 6 Defendant failed to move to amend the docketing statement and because his 7 arguments do not meet the requirements for granting a motion to amend, we decline 8 to address this issue. 9 Therefore, for the reasons stated in this opinion and the notice of proposed 10 summary disposition, we affirm. 11 IT IS SO ORDERED.

12 13 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge

14 WE CONCUR:

15 16 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge

17 18 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge