State v. Goodman

531 S.W.2d 777, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2160
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 31, 1975
DocketNo. KCD 27937
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 531 S.W.2d 777 (State v. Goodman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Goodman, 531 S.W.2d 777, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2160 (Mo. Ct. App. 1975).

Opinion

WASSERSTROM, Judge.

The jury found defendant guilty of driving a motor vehicle without the owner’s consent, in violation of § 560.175 RSMo 1969. On this appeal, defendant challenges the sufficiency of the State’s evidence to show the requisite criminal intent and he complains of the trial court’s denial of a continuance.

I.

The evidence showed that the car in question was owned by Mrs. Lola McCoy and was used by her nephew, Mr. Jerry McCoy. Jerry McCoy parked the automobile in front of his home shortly after 4:00 p. m. on November 29, 1974. When he went out to use the car at approximately 6:00 p. m., he found it missing. He called Mrs. McCoy who in turn reported the disappearance to the police.

[778]*778A description of the automobile was broadcast, and Police Officer Robinett observed the automobile parked at a convenience store at about 10:00 p. m. that same evening. Robinett blocked the driveway with the police car and then proceeded to the McCoy automobile in which defendant was in the driver’s seat. Robinett noticed that the ignition was punched out, with wires hanging under the dashboard. Jerry McCoy testified that the ignition was intact and in working condition at the time he parked the car at 4:00 p. m. Mrs. McCoy testified that she had never given defendant permission to drive the car and that, in fact, she did not know him at all. Robinett testified that immediately after being arrested, defendant stated to him that he had just purchased the car at a tavern.

The foregoing evidence made out a submissible case. Criminal intent is an essential element for a conviction under § 560.175, and this requires a showing that defendant operated the motor vehicle knowing that he did not have the owner’s permission. Such knowledge may be inferred from circumstantial evidence; and the necessary inference may be drawn from defendant’s exclusive and unsatisfactorily explained possession of property proven to have been recently stolen. State v. Ransom, 500 S.W.2d 585 (Mo.App.1973) and cases therein cited. That permissible inference is greatly strengthened in the present case by the evidence of the punched out ignition and the twisted wires hanging below the dashboard. See State v. Crawley, 501 S.W.2d 31 (Mo.1973).

Defendant argues that the inference permissible from “unsatisfactorily explained possession” does not apply here for the reason that he did give Officer Robinett an explanation. It has long been settled by the decisions of this State that not every “explanation” given by a defendant serves to defeat the inference mentioned. The jury is privileged to disbelieve the explanation offered by the defendant, and if so disbelieved, then defendant’s possession stands unexplained. State v. Denison, 352 Mo. 572, 178 S.W.2d 449, 454 (Mo.1944); State v. Kennedy, 396 S.W.2d 595, 598 (Mo.1965); State v. Moore, 501 S.W.2d 197, 200 (Mo.App.1973); State v. Benfield, 522 S.W.2d 830, 833 (Mo.App.1975).

II.

Immediately prior to the selection of the jury, defendant’s counsel orally requested a continuance in order that defendant might shave and obtain a change of clothing. The record does not make the situation entirely clear, but it appears that defendant had been arrested the night before on an ordinance violation entirely different from the crime here on trial and he had been lodged in the city jail. The only showing in support of defendant’s application for continuance was the following unsworn testimony of the defendant:

“Q. Defendant has been in the City Jail for at least overnight, I believe; when were you arrested?
A. Last night.
Q. How long have you been in jail?
A. About 12 or 13 hours, probably.
Q. Have you been allowed to sleep during that period?
A. Well, I was allowed to sleep, yes; but couldn’t sleep.
Q. And when they called you over to Court, did they offer you an opportunity to shave at all?
A. No. I wasn’t allowed no phone calls. When I tried to call, I knew I was supposed to be here at 9:00 o’clock this morning to Mr. McBur-ney’s office, if it was possible for me to get here. I couldn’t call them.”

The State objected to the continuance, the prosecutor stating: “First of all, the defendant is not in jail garb, he is in city clothes. In fact, he is dressed quite adequately. The fact that he didn’t shave, I don’t believe is anything prejudicial. He has a light beard, and it is not that noticeable at all.” The court then overruled the [779]*779application for continuance and stated his reasons as follows:

“The Court notes that the costume, of [sic] the garb, is ordinary sort of garb, no problem about it. As far as the shaving, it is apparent in that he stands immediately before the bench, that he has not shaved this morning; but it wasn’t obvious when he was sitting at the counsel table.”

Defendant’s oral motion for continuance failed to comply with Rule 25.08. State v. Boykins, 399 S.W.2d 70, 73 (Mo.1966); State v. Yeokum, 516 S.W.2d 535 (Mo.App.1974). However, we prefer to rule this point on a more fundamental basis, by answering defendant’s argument on the merits.

Defendant contends that the denial of a continuance forced him to go to trial with an unkempt appearance, thereby prejudicing him in the eyes of the jury. In support of that position he relies upon cases which hold that it is basically unfair to require a defendant to go to trial clothed in prison garb; and defendant urges that rule should be extended to the present situation. Preliminarily it should be mentioned that the rule pertaining to prison garb is not nearly so clear cut as defendant would have it appear. The cases are far from uniform in establishing an inflexible rule that requiring a defendant to go to trial in prison garb automatically constitutes reversible error. A number of decisions hold that such facts do not necessarily result in prejudice. Lenhart v. State, 503 P.2d 918 (Okl.Cr.1972); Alexander v. State, 493 P.2d 458 (Okl.Cr.1972); Atkins v. State, 210 So.2d 9 (Fla.App.1968), cert. den. 396 U.S. 859, 90 S.Ct. 128, 24 L.Ed.2d 111. The federal circuit courts of appeal differ in their approach to the question. Compare Anderson v. Watt, 475 F.2d 881 (10th Cir. 1973) with Brooks v. State of Texas, 381 F.2d 619 (5th Cir. 1967); Hernandez v. Beto, 443 F.2d 634 (5th Cir. 1971); Bentley v. Crist,

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Bluebook (online)
531 S.W.2d 777, 1975 Mo. App. LEXIS 2160, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-goodman-moctapp-1975.