State v. Gooden

2021 Ohio 1192

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Gooden, 2021-Ohio-1192.]

COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO, :

Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 109643 v. :

CHARZELLE GOODEN, :

Defendant-Appellant. :

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 8, 2021

Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-18-635068-D

Appearances:

Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney, and Ryan Bokoch, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

Richard E. Hackerd, for appellant.

MARY J. BOYLE, A.J.:

Defendant-appellant, Charzelle Gooden, appeals his convictions. He

raises one assignment of error for our review:

Gooden’s plea is void because it was not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Finding no merit to his assignment of error, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

I. Procedural History and Factual Background

In December 2018, Gooden and four other defendants were indicted

for committing a string of burglary and robbery offenses in Cleveland and Lakewood

between July and October 2018. Gooden was indicted for 45 counts relating to his

participation in these crimes. Gooden pleaded not guilty to all charges.

In September 2019, after a jury was empaneled for trial, Gooden

agreed to plead guilty to an amended indictment of 19 counts, including one count

of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity in violation of R.C. 2923.32(A)(1), a first-

degree felony; four counts of aggravated robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1),

first-degree felonies, two with one-year firearm specifications; ten counts of

burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), second-degree felonies; two counts of

having weapons while under disability in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2), third-

degree felonies; one count of receiving stolen property in violation of

R.C. 2913.51(A), a fourth-degree felony; and one count of felonious assault in

violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), a second-degree felony. As part of the plea, the state

agreed to request that the court nolle the remaining charges and recommend a

sentence of 20 to 30 years in prison.

At the plea hearing, the trial court informed Gooden that he would be

giving up his constitutional rights by pleading guilty, including the rights to a jury

and/or bench trial, to confront witnesses, to compel witnesses, to have the state prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and to remain silent and not to testify.

The trial court asked Gooden if he understood that he was giving up those

constitutional rights, and Gooden responded that he understood.

The trial court explained to Gooden the charges against him and the

felony level of each charge. The trial court determined that Gooden understood the

maximum penalties he faced for first-, second-, third-, and fourth-degree felonies.

The court, the state, and Gooden’s counsel then had a discussion regarding Gooden’s

maximum sentence. Both the state and Gooden’s counsel concluded that Gooden’s

maximum sentence would be 144.5 years. The court agreed “that’s what I have if

those number of felonies is correct. So that’s what I have. I have 157 but I believe I

added in an extra felony of the first degree.” The trial court then addressed Gooden

and asked him if he understood that if he received a maximum, consecutive prison

sentence and the court deviated from the agreed recommended range, he “would be

looking at 140 plus years.” Gooden responded that he understood. The trial court

told Gooden that his counsel and the state had proposed a prison sentence of no less

than 20 years and no more than 30 years, and that the trial court was going to

“highly consider that.”

Gooden confirmed that no threats or promises had been made to

induce him to enter the plea and that he was not under the influence of drugs,

alcohol, or medications. The trial court informed Gooden and determined that he

understood that by pleading guilty, the court can proceed with judgment against him and sentence him immediately. Gooden also told the trial court that he was satisfied

with his defense counsel’s services.

The trial court found that Gooden was entering his plea knowingly,

voluntarily, and intelligently. The trial court accepted Gooden’s guilty pleas and

proposed sentencing range, found him guilty of one count of engaging in a pattern

of corrupt activity, four counts of aggravated robbery with two one-year firearm

specifications, ten counts of burglary, two counts of having weapons while under

disability, one count of receiving stolen property, and one count of felonious assault.

The trial court dismissed the remaining charges and specifications. The trial court

then referred Gooden for a presentence investigation report.

In October 2019, the trial court sentenced Gooden to an aggregate of

29 years in prison. It imposed eleven years for engaging in a pattern of corrupt

activity; eleven years each for three counts of aggravated robbery; five years for the

fourth count of aggravated robbery; one year each for the two firearm specifications

attached to the aggravated robbery counts; eight years each for ten counts of

burglary; three years each for two counts of having weapons while under disability;

eighteen months for one count of receiving stolen property; and eight years for one

count of felonious assault. The trial court ordered that the two firearm specifications

be served prior to and consecutive to the underlying aggravated robbery counts. It

further ordered that 11 years for engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity, 11 years for

one of the aggravated robbery counts, and five years for another aggravated robbery

also run consecutively with each other, and the sentences for the remaining counts run concurrently to each other and all other counts. The trial court advised Gooden

regarding postrelease control and the consequences if he were to violate it. The trial

court imposed court costs but waived all fines, and gave Gooden 349 days of jail-

time credit.

In March 2019, Gooden filed a motion for leave to file a delayed

appeal, which this court granted.

II. Crim.R. 11

In his sole assignment of error, Gooden argues the trial court erred by

failing to comply with Crim.R. 11. He contends that he did not make his plea

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily with a full understanding of the rights he

was waiving because (1) the trial court incorrectly informed him that all gun

specifications must run consecutively and (2) the trial court failed to inform him of

the maximum possible aggregate sentence he faced.1

A defendant’s plea must be entered knowingly, intelligently, and

voluntarily for the plea to be constitutional under the United States and Ohio

Constitutions. State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450 (1996). “Ohio

Crim.R. 11(C) was adopted in order to facilitate a more accurate determination of

the voluntariness of a defendant’s plea by ensuring an adequate record for review.”

State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 107, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990). The purpose of

Crim.R. 11(C) is to require the trial court to convey certain information to a

1 Gooden also argued in his appellate brief that the trial court incorrectly informed him that a count for corrupt activity in violation of R.C. 2923.32 required a mandatory eleven-year sentence. But Gooden later filed a motion withdrawing this issue. defendant so that he or she can make a voluntary and intelligent decision regarding

whether to plead guilty or no contest. State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 479-480,

423 N.E.2d 115 (1981).

We review whether the trial court complied with Crim.R. 11(C) de

novo. State v. Cardwell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92796, 2009-Ohio-6827, ¶ 26. In

reviewing the record, appellate courts must consider the totality of the

circumstances to determine whether the trial court complied with Crim.R. 11(C).

Cardwell at ¶ 26, citing State v. Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d 86, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977).

Specifically, Crim.R. 11(C)(2) states:

In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the following:

(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.

(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.

(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor, and to require the state to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which the defendant cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself.

Trial courts must strictly comply with the provisions concerning the

constitutional rights set forth in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c) but only substantially comply with the provisions concerning nonconstitutional rights set forth in

Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b). State v. Griggs, 103 Ohio St.3d 85, 2004-Ohio-4415,

814 N.E.2d 51, ¶ 12. “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the

circumstances the defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea

and the rights he is waiving.” Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d at 108, 564 N.E.2d 474.

Moreover, a defendant who challenges his or her plea on the basis

that it was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered must demonstrate

prejudice. Nero at 108. A “failure to comply with nonconstitutional rights will not

invalidate a plea unless the defendant thereby suffered prejudice.” Griggs at ¶ 12.

The test for prejudice is “whether the plea would have otherwise been made.” Id.,

citing Nero at 108.

Gooden’s arguments relate to Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a), which requires

trial courts to determine that the defendant understands “the maximum penalty

involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for the

imposition of community control sanctions.”

Gooden contends that he did not make his plea knowingly,

intelligently, and voluntarily because the trial court incorrectly informed him that

all firearm specifications must run consecutively. He argues this statement was

incorrect because R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) requires only two firearm specifications for

the two highest felonies to run consecutively. R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) provides:

If an offender is convicted of or pleads guilty to two or more felonies, if one or more of those felonies are aggravated murder, murder, attempted aggravated murder, attempted murder, aggravated robbery, felonious assault, or rape, and if the offender is convicted of or pleads guilty to a specification of the type described under division (B)(1)(a) of this section in connection with two or more of the felonies, the sentencing court shall impose on the offender the prison term specified under division (B)(1)(a) of this section for each of the two most serious specifications of which the offender is convicted or to which the offender pleads guilty and, in its discretion, also may impose on the offender the prison term specified under that division for any or all of the remaining specifications.

Gooden pleaded guilty to more than two felonies, including four

counts of aggravated robbery, two of which had one-year firearm specifications.

However, Gooden’s reliance on R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) is misplaced because this

section applies only to felonies and specifications that are part of the same act or

transaction. State v. Young, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102202, 2015-Ohio-2862, ¶ 10

(R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) creates “an exception to the general rule that consecutive

sentences cannot be imposed on firearm specifications as part of the same

transaction.”); R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(b) (“[A] court shall not impose more than one

prison term on an offender under division (B)(1)(a) of this section for felonies

committed as part of the same act or transaction” except for as provided in

R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g).). Gooden’s charges for aggravated robbery stem from

separate instances and are not part of the same act or transaction, and Gooden’s

counsel agreed at the sentencing hearing that none of Gooden’s counts merge.

R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(a) therefore does not apply here. Instead, R.C. 2929.14(C)(1)(a)

mandates that the prison terms for all of Gooden’s firearm specifications run

consecutively to each other. Gooden also argues that the trial court failed to inform him of the

maximum possible sentence he faced because it did not fully advise him of his

potential aggregate maximum sentence and instead “stopped counting at 150 years.”

However, Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)’s requirement that trial courts determine that

defendants understand their “maximum penalty” “has long been understood as a

reference to a single penalty for each individual offense.” State v. Cobbledick, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108959, 2020-Ohio-4744, ¶ 6, citing State v. Johnson, 40 Ohio

St.3d 130, 532 N.E.2d 1295 (1988), and State v. Saxon, 109 Ohio St.3d 176, 2006-

Ohio-1245, 846 N.E.2d 824, paragraph one of the syllabus. Crim.R. 11(C) does not

require the trial court “to advise a defendant of the cumulative total of all prison

terms for all the offenses at the time of the guilty plea.” State v. Wojtowicz, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 104384, 2017-Ohio-1359, ¶ 12, citing State v. Vinson, 2016-Ohio-

7604, 73 N.E.3d 1025, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.).

Furthermore, Gooden has not demonstrated, let alone argued, that he

suffered prejudice by the trial court’s allegedly incorrect and incomplete statements

regarding the maximum penalty he faced. Gooden does not claim that had the trial

court better informed him of his potential maximum penalty, he would not have

pleaded guilty.

Based upon the record before us, we find that the court complied with

Crim.R. 11 and that Gooden entered his plea voluntarily, knowingly, and

intelligently with a full understanding of the rights he was waiving. We therefore

overrule Gooden’s sole assignment of error. Judgment affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant the costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s

conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to

the trial court for execution of sentence.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

MARY J. BOYLE, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and LISA B. FORBES, J., CONCUR