State v. Goldsby

845 S.W.2d 636, 1992 Mo. App. LEXIS 1891, 1992 WL 373542
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 22, 1992
DocketNos. 59134, 61546
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 845 S.W.2d 636 (State v. Goldsby) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Goldsby, 845 S.W.2d 636, 1992 Mo. App. LEXIS 1891, 1992 WL 373542 (Mo. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

SIMON, Judge.

Gordon Goldsby, appellant, appeals his jury convictions in the Circuit Court of St. Louis County for kidnapping, § 559.240 RSMo.1969; rape, § 559.260 RSMo.1969; and assault with intent to do great bodily harm with malice, § 559.180 RSMo.1969, for which he was sentenced to consecutive terms of ten years, life, and twenty-five years respectively. Appellant also appeals the denial of his post-conviction relief (Rule 29.15) motion.

On appeal, appellant claims the trial court erred in (1) failing to require the state to explain its peremptory jury strikes exercised against four of five eligible black venirepersons; and (2) submitting MAI-CR3d 302.04, defining reasonable doubt. He also claims the motion court erred in denying, without an evidentiary hearing, his Rule 29.15 motion based on ineffective assistance of counsel. We affirm.

Appellant does not contest the sufficiency of the evidence so we briefly review the evidence in a light most favorable to the verdicts. On March 17, 1972, at approximately one p.m., appellant abducted victim at knife point from the parking lot of a shopping mall near Kansas City where she worked. Appellant drove victim’s car east on Interstate 70, and approximately four hours later, reached the St. Louis area during rush hour traffic. Appellant exited the highway and proceeded to drive around St. Louis County, apparently looking for an acquaintance who owed him money.

At some point, appellant pulled onto a side road which led to a chained off field. He drove around the barricade onto the field. There he allowed victim to relieve herself, and when she returned to the car, he raped and assaulted her. The car became stuck in the field. As appellant tried to move the car, victim noticed military discharge papers with appellant’s name on them in his coat pocket. About this time, another car arrived, and two young men, Steve Hageman and Mark Terrill, asked appellant if they could be of assistance. As they spoke with appellant, victim tried to exit the car screaming for help. Appellant then made an attempt to get in Mark Terrill’s car which had been left running with the door open. Terrill closed the door of his car in time to prevent appellant from entering, then appellant and Terrill engaged in a scuffle outside Terrill’s car. Terrill knocked appellant in a nearby ditch, and when appellant got up and headed back towards victim’s car, Terrill got a pellet pistol from under his ear seat, and told appellant to freeze and spread-eagle on the hood of victim’s car. Hageman helped victim into Terrill’s car and they left appellant and drove to the City of Manchester police [638]*638station. Appellant was subsequently arrested, arraigned, and released on bond but failed to appear for trial. He spent some time in Malaysia and was arrested reentering the United States at an airport in Seattle in January of 1990. Victim, Hageman and Terrill all identified appellant from photo lineups soon after the incident, and later at trial.

We first address appellant’s direct appeal claims. In his first point, appellant, who is white, claims the trial court erred in failing to require the state to explain its peremptory strikes of four of the five eligible black venirepersons. He claims that a prima fa-cie case of racially motivated strikes was demonstrated by the disproportionate number of challenges exercised against black venirepersons and the fact that black veni-repersons who had not spoken during voir dire were stricken. Appellant claims the failure to require explanations precluded appellant from establishing that the strikes were racially motivated in violation of his right to due process and the venirepersons’ rights to equal protection. Alternatively, appellant claims the trial court erred in failing to require the prosecutor to explain the strikes in compliance with State v. Antwine, 743 S.W.2d 51 (Mo. banc 1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1017, 108 S.Ct. 1755, 100 L.Ed.2d 217 (1988), which requires that the prosecutor’s explanations be considered in determining whether a prima facie case of racially motivated strikes had been established.

The record reveals that after the state and defense counsel had made their strikes, the venirepersons selected for the jury were seated in the jury box. The trial court then excused those venirepersons who were not selected to serve on the jury. After the unselected venirepersons had been discharged, defense counsel indicated to the court that he wished to make a record regarding the state’s peremptory strikes. The court suggested, and the prosecutor agreed, that the jury be sworn and dismissed for lunch, and then defense counsel could make a record as if the jury had not yet been sworn. The court then had the jury sworn, read them the preliminary instructions, and dismissed them for lunch. Defense counsel then formally made objection to the state’s use of its peremptory jury strikes based on Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), claiming the prosecutor had impermissibly discriminated against black members of the venire by excluding them from service on the petit jury. The prosecutor responded by stating that one black person was seated on the jury so there was no systematic exclusion of black venirepersons, and also that Batson did not apply in this particular case. The prosecutor did not make any further record on appellant’s Batson claim. Appellant’s objection was overruled by the trial court.

Although there is no racial identity between appellant and the excluded venire-persons, an inquiry as to the challenged peremptory strikes of black venirepersons is now required. Powers v. Ohio, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1364, 113 L.Ed.2d 411 (1991). In Powers the United States Supreme Court recognized that Batson challenges were meant to protect not only the equal protection rights of the defendant, but also the equal protection rights of excluded venirepersons. To facilitate the vindication of the excluded venirepersons’ rights, the Supreme Court held that a criminal defendant has standing to assert the equal protection rights of venirepersons excluded for racial reasons from their jury. State v. Parker, 836 S.W.2d 930, 933-34[1, 2] (Mo. banc 1992). (Citations omitted.)

“While Batson recognized the right of criminal defendants to challenge racially motivated strikes by the prosecutor, the Court explicitly predicated the right upon the defendant’s timely objection. Subsequent to Batson, ‘both the federal and state courts have consistently held that the failure to make a timely objection effectively waives any arguments based on improprieties in jury selection which the defendant might urge pursuant to Batson’.” Id., at 935[9]. (Citations omitted.)

Appellant acknowledges that any objection based on Batson should be made before the eligible venirepersons are discharged and the jury sworn. He claims, however, that the state cannot be heard to [639]*639argue the untimeliness of his objection on appeal because the prosecutor agreed that the objection would be deemed as having been made before the petit jury panel was sworn, and did not object in the trial court to the untimeliness of appellant’s Batson challenge.

The state argues that since appellant’s Batson

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State of Missouri v. Gordon F. Goldsby, Jr.
579 S.W.3d 242 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2019)
State v. Goldsby
341 S.W.3d 809 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2011)
State v. Idlebird
896 S.W.2d 656 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
845 S.W.2d 636, 1992 Mo. App. LEXIS 1891, 1992 WL 373542, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-goldsby-moctapp-1992.