[Cite as State v. Garrett, 2013-Ohio-3035.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 25426
v. : T.C. NO. 10CR4058/2
TRAMMEL D. GARRETT : (Criminal appeal from Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 12th day of July , 2013.
APRIL F. CAMPBELL, Atty. Reg. No. 0089541, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
RICHARD S. SKELTON, Atty. Reg. No. 0040694, 130 W. Second Street, Suite 1818, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
DONOVAN, J.
{¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the Notice of Appeal of Trammel D.
Garrett, filed October 18, 2012. Garrett appeals from the trial court’s September 19, 2012
Judgment Entry of Conviction, following pleas of guilty, on two counts of aggravated
robbery (deadly weapon), in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1), felonies of the first degree,
both with firearm specifications. Garrett received an aggregate sentence of 16 years.
Pursuant to a plea agreement, remaining charges in the indictment were dismissed, and the
court ordered that Garrett’s 16-year sentence be served concurrently to an aggregate term of
30 years to life imposed on multiple counts in another Montgomery County matter (2010 CR
4099/2), as well as a probation revocation matter from Green County (2011 CR 040). The
trial court further ordered restitution herein in the amount of $1,274.00, and it is the order of
restitution that is the subject of this appeal.
{¶ 2} On September 10, 2012, Garrett entered his pleas herein, and his plea form
indicates, under the heading “Other sanctions,” as follows: “Restitution to Comfort Suites in
the amount of $540, Greg Edwards in the amount of $170, BP Gas Station in the amount of
$168, and Teresa Lakins in the amount of $396.” Defense counsel indicated to the court
that he waived a presentence investigation. Prior to sentencing in Case No. 2010 CR
4099/2, also on September 10, 2012, defense counsel advised the court that an affidavit of
indigency had been filed in both matters on Garrett’s behalf, and the court indicated that it
had ordered and reviewed a presentence investigation report (“PSI”) in Case No. 2010 CR
4099/2. After imposing sentence therein, and subsequently imposing sentence in the instant
matter, the court indicated as follows:
Further, in 10CR4058, Court orders that, well, again regarding this
matter, based on the PSI, I know - - we all know that Mr. Garrett is going to 3
serve a life sentence here. But as far as his health, he’s in good health. I
know he hasn’t worked in the past, but theoretically, he could obtain a GED
through prison.
The Court is going to make a finding that Mr. Garrett has a future
ability to pay with regard to restitution. And also, this whole issue of prison
pay comes into play here as well. Theoretically, restitution could be paid
from prison pay. So the Court orders restitution to Comfort Suites in the
amount of $540, to Greg Edwards in the amount of $170, and to BP Gas
Station in the amount of $168, and to Theresa Lakens * * * in the amount of
$396. (Emphasis added).
{¶ 3} Defense counsel objected “to any order of restitution * * * on this person’s
present or future ability to pay considering the sentence given in this Court,” and the
following exchange occurred:
THE COURT: We have information that Mr. Garrett is in good
health. He is - - he did complete the eleventh grade. He could, in his time
incarceration (sic), get his GED so he could - - he actually could take courses.
We’ve had people go through and get college degrees in prison. I think
somebody got a law degree, maybe two fellow (sic) got law degrees.
***
MR. SKELTON: * * * So whatever degree he gets or he doesn’t get,
the likelihood that he’s going to be able to make restitution I believe by law is
so remote that this Court doesn’t have the authority to order it. * * * 4
THE COURT: * * * That objection is noted. Again, I’m talking
about future. I know we - - it’s a lot of speculation, I can see.
MR. SKELTON: * * * And I think that’s the objection.
THE COURT: But I think he has a future ability to pay and so the
Court does order the restitution. I understand no present ability to pay again
other than possible prison pay. So the exception is noted. (Emphasis added).
{¶ 4} The pre-sentence investigation report from Case No. 2010 CR 4099
indicates that Garrett was 20 years old, that he was in good physical health, that he
completed the eleventh grade, and that he “has never held verifiable employment; however,
considered himself self supported. When asked how he supported himself, Mr. Garrett
replied, ‘Things just happened.’” The PSI reflects a lengthy criminal record. The PSI
further reflects that Garrett is the sixth of seven children, and that he has a daughter whom
he “believes is in the custody of Children’s Services; however, has no way of confirming his
suspicion.” The PSI indicates that Garrett “is ordered to pay $61.20 per month [in child
support] per month, and has an arrears of $153, with no payments ever made.” Garrett
smoked one pound of marijuana a week, beginning at age 17, and he used cocaine on one
occasion in December, 2012, according to the PSI. The PSI does not indicate that Garrett has
any assets.
{¶ 5} Garrett’s sole assigned error is as follows:
“THE COURT ERRED WHEN ORDERING RESTITUTION BE PAID BY A
DEFENDANT WHO RECEIVES A THIRTY-YEAR (30) TO LIFE SENTENCE OF
INCARCERATION.” 5
{¶ 6} R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) provides that a court imposing sentence upon an
offender for a felony may also sentence the offender to financial sanctions, including
restitution. R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) provides: “Before imposing a financial sanction under
section 2929.18 of the Revised Code * * * , the court shall consider the offender's present
and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or fine.” “The trial court does not need
to hold a hearing on the issue of financial sanctions, and there are no express factors that the
court must take into consideration or make on the record.” State v. Culver, 160 Ohio
App.3d 172, 2005-Ohio-1359, 826 N.E.2d 367, ¶ 57 (2d Dist.) (upholding financial
sanctions where this Court could infer that the trial court considered Culver’s ability to pay,
given “Culver's then gainful employment, his long employment history, and the fact that he
had always had the ability to work. At the time of the hearing, Culver was making $500 a
week * * * . The court also inquired into Culver's assets. And finally, in the sentencing entry,
the court deferred payment until two months after Culver was released from prison.”) Id., ¶
59; see also, State v. Frock, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2004 CA 76, 2007-Ohio-1026, ¶ 9 (“Given
the lengthy sentence [of 19 ½ years] imposed in this case - and the dearth of encouraging
information about Frock in the PSI - we are constrained to conclude that the record fails to
demonstrate that the court considered Frock’s present ability to pay restitution [in the
amount of $17,029.00].”) (emphasis added).
{¶ 7} “A trial court need not even state that it considered an offender's ability to
pay. State v. Parker, Champaign App. No.
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[Cite as State v. Garrett, 2013-Ohio-3035.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 25426
v. : T.C. NO. 10CR4058/2
TRAMMEL D. GARRETT : (Criminal appeal from Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 12th day of July , 2013.
APRIL F. CAMPBELL, Atty. Reg. No. 0089541, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
RICHARD S. SKELTON, Atty. Reg. No. 0040694, 130 W. Second Street, Suite 1818, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
DONOVAN, J.
{¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the Notice of Appeal of Trammel D.
Garrett, filed October 18, 2012. Garrett appeals from the trial court’s September 19, 2012
Judgment Entry of Conviction, following pleas of guilty, on two counts of aggravated
robbery (deadly weapon), in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1), felonies of the first degree,
both with firearm specifications. Garrett received an aggregate sentence of 16 years.
Pursuant to a plea agreement, remaining charges in the indictment were dismissed, and the
court ordered that Garrett’s 16-year sentence be served concurrently to an aggregate term of
30 years to life imposed on multiple counts in another Montgomery County matter (2010 CR
4099/2), as well as a probation revocation matter from Green County (2011 CR 040). The
trial court further ordered restitution herein in the amount of $1,274.00, and it is the order of
restitution that is the subject of this appeal.
{¶ 2} On September 10, 2012, Garrett entered his pleas herein, and his plea form
indicates, under the heading “Other sanctions,” as follows: “Restitution to Comfort Suites in
the amount of $540, Greg Edwards in the amount of $170, BP Gas Station in the amount of
$168, and Teresa Lakins in the amount of $396.” Defense counsel indicated to the court
that he waived a presentence investigation. Prior to sentencing in Case No. 2010 CR
4099/2, also on September 10, 2012, defense counsel advised the court that an affidavit of
indigency had been filed in both matters on Garrett’s behalf, and the court indicated that it
had ordered and reviewed a presentence investigation report (“PSI”) in Case No. 2010 CR
4099/2. After imposing sentence therein, and subsequently imposing sentence in the instant
matter, the court indicated as follows:
Further, in 10CR4058, Court orders that, well, again regarding this
matter, based on the PSI, I know - - we all know that Mr. Garrett is going to 3
serve a life sentence here. But as far as his health, he’s in good health. I
know he hasn’t worked in the past, but theoretically, he could obtain a GED
through prison.
The Court is going to make a finding that Mr. Garrett has a future
ability to pay with regard to restitution. And also, this whole issue of prison
pay comes into play here as well. Theoretically, restitution could be paid
from prison pay. So the Court orders restitution to Comfort Suites in the
amount of $540, to Greg Edwards in the amount of $170, and to BP Gas
Station in the amount of $168, and to Theresa Lakens * * * in the amount of
$396. (Emphasis added).
{¶ 3} Defense counsel objected “to any order of restitution * * * on this person’s
present or future ability to pay considering the sentence given in this Court,” and the
following exchange occurred:
THE COURT: We have information that Mr. Garrett is in good
health. He is - - he did complete the eleventh grade. He could, in his time
incarceration (sic), get his GED so he could - - he actually could take courses.
We’ve had people go through and get college degrees in prison. I think
somebody got a law degree, maybe two fellow (sic) got law degrees.
***
MR. SKELTON: * * * So whatever degree he gets or he doesn’t get,
the likelihood that he’s going to be able to make restitution I believe by law is
so remote that this Court doesn’t have the authority to order it. * * * 4
THE COURT: * * * That objection is noted. Again, I’m talking
about future. I know we - - it’s a lot of speculation, I can see.
MR. SKELTON: * * * And I think that’s the objection.
THE COURT: But I think he has a future ability to pay and so the
Court does order the restitution. I understand no present ability to pay again
other than possible prison pay. So the exception is noted. (Emphasis added).
{¶ 4} The pre-sentence investigation report from Case No. 2010 CR 4099
indicates that Garrett was 20 years old, that he was in good physical health, that he
completed the eleventh grade, and that he “has never held verifiable employment; however,
considered himself self supported. When asked how he supported himself, Mr. Garrett
replied, ‘Things just happened.’” The PSI reflects a lengthy criminal record. The PSI
further reflects that Garrett is the sixth of seven children, and that he has a daughter whom
he “believes is in the custody of Children’s Services; however, has no way of confirming his
suspicion.” The PSI indicates that Garrett “is ordered to pay $61.20 per month [in child
support] per month, and has an arrears of $153, with no payments ever made.” Garrett
smoked one pound of marijuana a week, beginning at age 17, and he used cocaine on one
occasion in December, 2012, according to the PSI. The PSI does not indicate that Garrett has
any assets.
{¶ 5} Garrett’s sole assigned error is as follows:
“THE COURT ERRED WHEN ORDERING RESTITUTION BE PAID BY A
DEFENDANT WHO RECEIVES A THIRTY-YEAR (30) TO LIFE SENTENCE OF
INCARCERATION.” 5
{¶ 6} R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) provides that a court imposing sentence upon an
offender for a felony may also sentence the offender to financial sanctions, including
restitution. R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) provides: “Before imposing a financial sanction under
section 2929.18 of the Revised Code * * * , the court shall consider the offender's present
and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or fine.” “The trial court does not need
to hold a hearing on the issue of financial sanctions, and there are no express factors that the
court must take into consideration or make on the record.” State v. Culver, 160 Ohio
App.3d 172, 2005-Ohio-1359, 826 N.E.2d 367, ¶ 57 (2d Dist.) (upholding financial
sanctions where this Court could infer that the trial court considered Culver’s ability to pay,
given “Culver's then gainful employment, his long employment history, and the fact that he
had always had the ability to work. At the time of the hearing, Culver was making $500 a
week * * * . The court also inquired into Culver's assets. And finally, in the sentencing entry,
the court deferred payment until two months after Culver was released from prison.”) Id., ¶
59; see also, State v. Frock, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2004 CA 76, 2007-Ohio-1026, ¶ 9 (“Given
the lengthy sentence [of 19 ½ years] imposed in this case - and the dearth of encouraging
information about Frock in the PSI - we are constrained to conclude that the record fails to
demonstrate that the court considered Frock’s present ability to pay restitution [in the
amount of $17,029.00].”) (emphasis added).
{¶ 7} “A trial court need not even state that it considered an offender's ability to
pay. State v. Parker, Champaign App. No. 03CA0017, 2004-Ohio-1313, ¶ 42.” State v.
Russell, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23454, 2010-Ohio-4765, ¶ 62. “The record should,
however, contain ‘evidence that the trial court considered the offender's present and future 6
ability to pay before imposing the sanction of restitution.’ State v. Robinson, Hancock App.
No. 5-04-12, 2004-Ohio-5346, 2004 WL 2260101, at ¶ 17.” Culver, ¶ 57. “The trial court
may comply with its obligation by considering a presentence investigation report (‘PSI’),
which includes information about the defendant’s age, health, education, and work history.
State v. Ratliff, 194 Ohio App.3d 202, 2011-Ohio-2313, 955 N.E.2d 425, ¶ 12 (2d Dist.).”
State v. Willis, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24477, 2012-Ohio-294, ¶ 4.
{¶ 8} We note that in Willis, the defendant was 31 years old, he received a two
year sentence, and the trial court ordered restitution in the amount of $20,352.08. When
defense counsel requested that restitution be waived, the trial court responded, “‘it’s
speculative as to the future ability or inability in the way of projecting that so that request is
overruled.’” Id., ¶ 7. This Court, in reversing and remanding the matter for further
proceedings on the issue of restitution, concluded as follows:
* * * We appreciate the court’s frustration with the conjecture
possibly involved in considering future ability to pay. However, this is a
legislative mandate and, based on the court’s response, it appears that the trial
court did not “consider” and determine, given the facts before it, whether
Willis would likely be able to pay $20,352.08 in restitution upon his release
from prison. We cannot presume that the trial court met its obligation under
R.C. 2929.29(B)[(5)]. Id.
{¶ 9} Herein, we initially note that Garrett was sentenced to an aggregate term of
30 years to life in a companion case, plus 16 years concurrent herein. A PSI reflects that he
has no past employment history or demonstrated ability to work, and he owes an arrearage 7
on his child support obligation. The matter herein bears some similarity to Willis, in that in
imposing sentence, the trial court concluded that restitution “theoretically” could be paid
from “possible” prison employment, that Garrett “could” pursue further education, and
further, the court acknowledged that “it’s a lot of speculation” regarding Garrett’s future
ability to pay. While the State asserts that “Garrett will have the opportunity to earn wages
for work while in the institution, and approved sources may deposit funds into his account,”
from which restitution may be paid, this argument is entirely speculative and ignores the
statutory mandate in R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) that the trial court determine ability to pay. Unlike
Willis, wherein a two-year sentence bears the probability of release and employment,
Garrett’s life sentence does not. As in Frock, there is a dearth of encouraging information
about Garrett in the PSI, other than his good health, and we conclude that the court imposed
a restitution order based upon theoretical scenarios and speculation and not upon the facts
before it. For the foregoing reasons, Garrett’s sole assigned error is sustained.
{¶ 10} The order of restitution is reversed and vacated. In all other respects the
judgment of conviction is affirmed. All remaining aspects of the trial court’s judgment
remain unaffected.
FAIN, P.J. and HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
April F. Campbell Richard S. Skelton Hon. Timothy N. O’Connell