State v. Freshment

2002 MT 61, 43 P.3d 968, 309 Mont. 154, 2002 Mont. LEXIS 76
CourtMontana Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 28, 2002
Docket00-242
StatusPublished
Cited by49 cases

This text of 2002 MT 61 (State v. Freshment) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Montana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Freshment, 2002 MT 61, 43 P.3d 968, 309 Mont. 154, 2002 Mont. LEXIS 76 (Mo. 2002).

Opinions

Justice James C. Nelson

delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Joseph Freshment (Freshment) was convicted by a jury of two counts of sexual intercourse without consent, §§ 45-5-503(1) and - 503(3)(a), MCA, in the Thirteenth Judicial District Court, Yellowstone County. Prior to trial, Freshment moved to sever the two counts into separate trials, because the counts involved separate victims on separate occasions. The District Court denied this motion. During jury voir dire, Freshment made motions to dismiss two of the jurors for cause which were denied by the District Court. Freshment appeals these denials and also argues he was given ineffective assistance of counsel in that his attorney failed to object to a third juror for cause. Because we reverse on the failure to dismiss the two jurors for cause, we do not address the ineffective assistance of counsel argument. We affirm on the issue of severance. Therefore, this case is remanded to the District Court for retrial.

¶2 We address the following issues on appeal:

¶3 1. Did the District Court abuse its discretion when it denied Freshment’s motions to dismiss two jurors for cause?

¶4 2. Did the District Court abuse its discretion by denying Freshment’s motion to sever the charges and hold separate trials?

¶5 We decline to address a third issue raised by Freshment, ineffective assistance of counsel for failure to assert a third juror should be dismissed for cause, because of our conclusion on the first issue.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶6 Because our holding in this case requires remand to the District Court for retrial, we discuss the facts of the charges only to the extent necessary to dispose of the issues on appeal.

¶7 On December 28,1998, Freshment was charged with two counts of sexual intercourse without consent. Prior to trial, Freshment moved to sever the two counts into separate trials because each involved separate victims on separate occasions. The District Court denied this motion concluding Freshment did not demonstrate sufficient prejudice to overcome the proper joinder of the charges in the information under § 46-11-404(1), MCA. Further details will be discussed under this issue below.

¶8 During voir dire, Freshment moved to dismiss two jurors for cause because of the opinions they expressed regarding his asserted defense [157]*157to one of the charges. For one of the counts of sexual intercourse without consent, Freshment asserted the defense of consent by the alleged victim. Because this victim was under 16 years of age, Freshment’s defense of consent is only valid if he had a reasonable belief that the victim was old enough to give a valid consent, i.e. 16-years-of-age or older. See § 45-5-511, MCA. Freshment’s counsel Kevin Peterson (Peterson) brought up the example of the famous country singer LeAnn Rimes1 and asked the following question of the prospective jurors:

PETERSON: Is there anybody here who even though there’s a reasonable belief in their mind that Mr. Freshment could have believed that one of the, or both of the, of the 15-year-olds was in fact 16 at the time of the act that would not be able to acquit him?
JUROR PAULA K. PORTER (PORTER): In that instance, I mean, isn’t that why the statutory rape was made, the law was made? I mean, a lot of girls can he, you know, and be younger than they look. He’s the adult, would you really take the chance if it was just a matter of a year or two. No, I’m - He’s the adult.
PETERSON: Under no circumstance then are you telling me that could you [sic] acquit?
PORTER: No, I really couldn’t.
PETERSON: Okay. Even if the law were given to you that 16 is the age of consent?
PORTER: Even then I couldn’t do it.
PETERSON: And you would not follow the law even if that turned out to be the facts of the case?
PORTER: Well, I might be forced to follow the law, but I wouldn’t agree with it. That’s not the way I’d probably vote.
PETERSON: You would lean towards not following the law; is that fair?
PORTER: Yeah.

After challenging Porter for cause, the District Court allowed the State’s attorney, Beverly Tronrud (Tronrud), to question her. Their exchange proceeded as follows:

TRONRUD: Ms. Porter, the Judge is going to give you a set of instructions, if you’re chosen as a juror, that lists out all the law [158]*158that you have to follow. I think one of the instructions that you’ll be given is it says that anyone under 16 cannot consent. But if the defendant can show that he thought she was 16 or older, that’s a defense. If the Judge instructs you as to what the law is, you can follow the law, can’t you?
PORTER: Yes. But this comes down to a matter of judgment, and if the girl’s foolish, I mean, every man knows, or a woman, if the situation was reversed, that a matter of months in a birthday, if there’s a chance, you don’t take a chance.
TRONRUD: Something you said in that it’s all a matter of a judgment and your judgment of the witnesses as well, and if the defendant chooses to testify, you will have a judgment of him, in light of the other witnesses, too -
PORTER: Right.
TRONRUD: - is that fair to say?
PORTER: Yeah.
TRONRUD: So you’re just judging everything together and you’re going to apply the law to that, would that be fair?
PORTER: Yeah.
TRONRUD: Would you be able to do that?
PORTER: Yeah.
TRONRUD: Okay. Thank you.

The State objects [to dismissal for cause], Your Honor.

Following this exchange, the District Court stated: “That objection is sustained. I think the juror has stated that she will at least follow that law.”

¶9 In response to the same question regarding the defense of consent in the context of a belief the victim was old enough to consent, Juror James L. Hansen (Hansen) stated:

HANSEN: Well, I would certainly consider that the girl lied as a defense, but I think a defendant in this case should, oh, probably be perceptive enough to realize that teenagers lie about their ages, and I think he should be cautious enough to be aware of that.
PETERSON: If you were faced with a decision of acquitting based on a reasonable belief that the girl or the young woman we’re talking about here represented herself as older than 15, and you could see that it was reasonable to, for a defendant to maybe rely on that, could you acquit him?
HANSEN: I’m not sure.
PETERSON: What would give you pause?
[159]*159HANSEN: Well, I guess just the fact that teenagers do sometimes lie about their age, and I would consider that that may have been the information the defendant was given, it would still be difficult for me to do.

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Bluebook (online)
2002 MT 61, 43 P.3d 968, 309 Mont. 154, 2002 Mont. LEXIS 76, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-freshment-mont-2002.