[Cite as State v. Fresenko, 2016-Ohio-4958.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 103473
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
CHRISTOPHER T. FRESENKO DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-15-595357-A
BEFORE: E.T. Gallagher, J., E.A. Gallagher, P.J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2016 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Michael H. Murphy Michael H. Murphy Attorney at Law 20325 Center Ridge Road Suite 512 Rocky River, Ohio 44116
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Kerry A. Sowul Paul M. Soucie Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys The Justice Center, 8th and 9th Floors 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Christopher Fresenko (“Fresenko”), appeals his
sentence following a guilty plea. He raises the following assignment of error for our
review:
1. The sentence handed down by the trial court was not commensurate with the crime committed.
{¶2} After careful review of the record and relevant case law, we affirm
Fresenko’s sentence.
I. Procedural and Factual History
{¶3} In April 2015, the Cleveland police discovered Fresenko “passed out” in the
front seat of a stolen vehicle. Fresenko appeared to be “highly intoxicated.”
{¶4} In May 2015, Fresenko was charged with receiving stolen property in
violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fourth degree. In June 2015, Fresenko
pleaded guilty to an amended count of attempted receiving stolen property, a felony of the
fifth degree.
{¶5} At sentencing, the trial court imposed a 12-month prison term and advised
Fresenko of his postrelease control obligations.
{¶6} Fresenko now appeals from his sentence.
II. Law and Analysis {¶7} In his sole assignment of error, Fresenko argues his sentence was not
commensurate with the offense he committed.
{¶8} When reviewing felony sentences, this court may increase, reduce, or modify
a sentence, or it may vacate and remand the matter for resentencing, only if we clearly
and convincingly find that either the record does not support the sentencing court’s
statutory findings or the sentence is contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). A sentence
is contrary to law if the sentence falls outside the statutory range for the particular degree
of offense or the trial court failed to consider the purposes and principles of felony
sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12. State v.
Hinton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102710, 2015-Ohio-4907, ¶ 10, citing State v. Smith, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100206, 2014-Ohio-1520, ¶ 13.
{¶9} In State v. Marcum, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-1002, the Ohio Supreme
Court held that when a sentence is imposed solely after consideration of the factors in
R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, appellate courts “may vacate or modify any sentence that is
not clearly and convincingly contrary to law only if the appellate court finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the record does not support the sentence.” Id. at ¶ 23.
{¶10} When sentencing a defendant, the court must consider the purposes and
principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors set
forth in R.C. 2929.12. State v. Hodges, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99511,
2013-Ohio-5025, ¶ 7. R.C. 2929.11(A) provides that a sentence imposed for a felony
shall be reasonably calculated to achieve the two overriding purposes of felony sentencing (1) to protect the public from future crime by the offender and others, and (2)
to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court determines will
accomplish those purposes. The sentence imposed shall be “commensurate with and not
demeaning to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and its impact on the victim, and
consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders.” R.C.
2929.11(B).
{¶11} The sentencing court must consider the seriousness and recidivism factors
set forth in R.C. 2929.12 in determining the most effective way to comply with the
purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11. Hodges at ¶ 9. R.C.
2929.12 provides a non-exhaustive list of factors a trial court must consider when
determining the seriousness of the offense and the likelihood that the offender will
commit future offenses.
{¶12} R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 are not factfinding statutes. Accordingly,
although the trial court must consider the principles and purposes of sentencing as well as
the mitigating factors as outlined above, the court is not required to use particular
language or make specific findings on the record regarding its consideration of those
factors. State v. Wilson, 129 Ohio St.3d 214, 2011-Ohio-2669, 951 N.E.2d 381, ¶ 31;
State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99759, 2014-Ohio-29, ¶ 13. Consideration of the
appropriate factors can be presumed unless the defendant affirmatively shows otherwise.
Id., citing State v. Stevens, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130278, 2013-Ohio-5218, ¶ 12.
Moreover, a trial court’s statement in its sentencing journal entry that it considered the required statutory factors is sufficient to fulfill a trial court’s obligations under R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12. State v. Sutton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 102300 and 102302,
2015-Ohio-4074, ¶ 72, citing State v. Clayton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99700,
2014-Ohio-112, ¶ 9.
{¶13} In challenging the length of his sentence, Fresenko relies on former R.C.
2929.14(C). Under former R.C. 2929.14(C), prior to imposing maximum sentences for
felony convictions, trial courts were required to make certain findings, including, inter
alia, that the offender committed the worst form of the offense. See State v. Combs, 2d
Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-6, 2013-Ohio-4816, ¶ 7. However, that part of the statute was
severed, on constitutional grounds, in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856,
845 N.E.2d 470, and was not reenacted by the passage of H.B. 86. Id. at ¶ 8-11. Thus,
our review is limited to whether the trial court’s sentence was contrary to law.
{¶14} In this case, the trial court sentenced Fresenko within the applicable
statutory range. R.C. 2929.14(A)(5) provides, “[f]or a felony of the fifth degree, the
prison term shall be six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve months.” The trial
court imposed the maximum 12-month sentence for Fresenko’s fifth-degree felony
conviction. There is no statutory requirement for findings in order to impose the
maximum sentences, and a trial court has the discretion to impose a prison sentence
within the statutory range. “Trial courts have full discretion to impose a prison sentence
within the statutory range and are no longer required to make findings or give their
reasons for imposing maximum * * * sentences.” State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, at paragraph seven of the syllabus. Because the trial
court sentenced Fresenko within the statutory range, the imposition of a maximum
sentence was not contrary to law. See Sutton at ¶ 74.
{¶15} Moreover, the record reflects that the trial court carefully considered the
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[Cite as State v. Fresenko, 2016-Ohio-4958.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 103473
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
CHRISTOPHER T. FRESENKO DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-15-595357-A
BEFORE: E.T. Gallagher, J., E.A. Gallagher, P.J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2016 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Michael H. Murphy Michael H. Murphy Attorney at Law 20325 Center Ridge Road Suite 512 Rocky River, Ohio 44116
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Kerry A. Sowul Paul M. Soucie Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys The Justice Center, 8th and 9th Floors 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Christopher Fresenko (“Fresenko”), appeals his
sentence following a guilty plea. He raises the following assignment of error for our
review:
1. The sentence handed down by the trial court was not commensurate with the crime committed.
{¶2} After careful review of the record and relevant case law, we affirm
Fresenko’s sentence.
I. Procedural and Factual History
{¶3} In April 2015, the Cleveland police discovered Fresenko “passed out” in the
front seat of a stolen vehicle. Fresenko appeared to be “highly intoxicated.”
{¶4} In May 2015, Fresenko was charged with receiving stolen property in
violation of R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the fourth degree. In June 2015, Fresenko
pleaded guilty to an amended count of attempted receiving stolen property, a felony of the
fifth degree.
{¶5} At sentencing, the trial court imposed a 12-month prison term and advised
Fresenko of his postrelease control obligations.
{¶6} Fresenko now appeals from his sentence.
II. Law and Analysis {¶7} In his sole assignment of error, Fresenko argues his sentence was not
commensurate with the offense he committed.
{¶8} When reviewing felony sentences, this court may increase, reduce, or modify
a sentence, or it may vacate and remand the matter for resentencing, only if we clearly
and convincingly find that either the record does not support the sentencing court’s
statutory findings or the sentence is contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). A sentence
is contrary to law if the sentence falls outside the statutory range for the particular degree
of offense or the trial court failed to consider the purposes and principles of felony
sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12. State v.
Hinton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102710, 2015-Ohio-4907, ¶ 10, citing State v. Smith, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100206, 2014-Ohio-1520, ¶ 13.
{¶9} In State v. Marcum, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-1002, the Ohio Supreme
Court held that when a sentence is imposed solely after consideration of the factors in
R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, appellate courts “may vacate or modify any sentence that is
not clearly and convincingly contrary to law only if the appellate court finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the record does not support the sentence.” Id. at ¶ 23.
{¶10} When sentencing a defendant, the court must consider the purposes and
principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors set
forth in R.C. 2929.12. State v. Hodges, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99511,
2013-Ohio-5025, ¶ 7. R.C. 2929.11(A) provides that a sentence imposed for a felony
shall be reasonably calculated to achieve the two overriding purposes of felony sentencing (1) to protect the public from future crime by the offender and others, and (2)
to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court determines will
accomplish those purposes. The sentence imposed shall be “commensurate with and not
demeaning to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and its impact on the victim, and
consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders.” R.C.
2929.11(B).
{¶11} The sentencing court must consider the seriousness and recidivism factors
set forth in R.C. 2929.12 in determining the most effective way to comply with the
purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11. Hodges at ¶ 9. R.C.
2929.12 provides a non-exhaustive list of factors a trial court must consider when
determining the seriousness of the offense and the likelihood that the offender will
commit future offenses.
{¶12} R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 are not factfinding statutes. Accordingly,
although the trial court must consider the principles and purposes of sentencing as well as
the mitigating factors as outlined above, the court is not required to use particular
language or make specific findings on the record regarding its consideration of those
factors. State v. Wilson, 129 Ohio St.3d 214, 2011-Ohio-2669, 951 N.E.2d 381, ¶ 31;
State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99759, 2014-Ohio-29, ¶ 13. Consideration of the
appropriate factors can be presumed unless the defendant affirmatively shows otherwise.
Id., citing State v. Stevens, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130278, 2013-Ohio-5218, ¶ 12.
Moreover, a trial court’s statement in its sentencing journal entry that it considered the required statutory factors is sufficient to fulfill a trial court’s obligations under R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12. State v. Sutton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 102300 and 102302,
2015-Ohio-4074, ¶ 72, citing State v. Clayton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99700,
2014-Ohio-112, ¶ 9.
{¶13} In challenging the length of his sentence, Fresenko relies on former R.C.
2929.14(C). Under former R.C. 2929.14(C), prior to imposing maximum sentences for
felony convictions, trial courts were required to make certain findings, including, inter
alia, that the offender committed the worst form of the offense. See State v. Combs, 2d
Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-6, 2013-Ohio-4816, ¶ 7. However, that part of the statute was
severed, on constitutional grounds, in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856,
845 N.E.2d 470, and was not reenacted by the passage of H.B. 86. Id. at ¶ 8-11. Thus,
our review is limited to whether the trial court’s sentence was contrary to law.
{¶14} In this case, the trial court sentenced Fresenko within the applicable
statutory range. R.C. 2929.14(A)(5) provides, “[f]or a felony of the fifth degree, the
prison term shall be six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve months.” The trial
court imposed the maximum 12-month sentence for Fresenko’s fifth-degree felony
conviction. There is no statutory requirement for findings in order to impose the
maximum sentences, and a trial court has the discretion to impose a prison sentence
within the statutory range. “Trial courts have full discretion to impose a prison sentence
within the statutory range and are no longer required to make findings or give their
reasons for imposing maximum * * * sentences.” State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, at paragraph seven of the syllabus. Because the trial
court sentenced Fresenko within the statutory range, the imposition of a maximum
sentence was not contrary to law. See Sutton at ¶ 74.
{¶15} Moreover, the record reflects that the trial court carefully considered the
purposes and principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing
factors in R.C. 2929.12. In addition to the trial court’s notation in the sentencing entry
that it “considered all required factors of law,” including R.C. 2929.11, the record in this
case reflects that the trial court did, in fact, consider both R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. At
the sentencing hearing, the trial court made the following relevant statements on the
record:
Well, the first thing I have to do, Mr. Fresenko, is decide whether or not I am going to put you in prison or put you on probation for a felony of the fifth degree.
***
In order to make that decision I have to look at the seriousness of this offense and whether there are aspects that make it more serious than what I would otherwise expect or less serious because of these circumstances. And I also have to look at your record as to whether or not you are likely to re-offend in the future.
The probation department has determined that you are a moderate risk for re-offending in the future.
I find that an amazing conclusion based on this record. I think you are a high risk, because I think the likelihood of you re-offending is high given the past and given the circumstances that occurred just before this situation and your past history that I have already mentioned.
So I think you are a high risk in that regard. So factoring in all these issues in my mind, I don’t think probation is appropriate under these circumstances. I am going to put you in prison. I think your conduct warrants it.
I have no faith that you are ready to do the things that you say that you are going to do. You haven’t demonstrated it since you have been picking up these cases for the last recent period. And there is no indication that you are able to do what you say that you want to do.
Plus I think you are a risk to the community. You got out, you posted bond on DUI and you totaled your car, then pick up another car, steal it, highly intoxicated. That’s a set of facts that’s dangerous to you and dangerous to the community.
{¶16} Based on the foregoing, we find the trial court thoroughly and completely
considered, analyzed, and discussed on the record all relevant statutory factors prior to
sentencing Fresenko. In doing so, the trial court expressly considered the seriousness of
Fresenko’s conduct and the danger he posed to the public. Moreover, the court
considered all relevant recidivism factors, including Fresenko’s history of alcohol abuse
and his criminal history, which included two felony convictions and 42 misdemeanor
cases, most of them alcohol related. Under these circumstances, we find Fresenko has
not shown by “clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the
sentence.” See Marcum, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 23. Accordingly,
Fresenko’s sentence was not contrary to law.
{¶17} Fresenko’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶18} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, P.J., and FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR