State v. Francisco

199 P.3d 478
Court of Appeals of Washington·Decided January 8, 2009·No. 26499-8-III·Published·Cited by 15 cases

Opinion

199 P.3d 478 (2009)

STATE of Washington, Respondent,
v.
Edwin S. FRANCISCO, Appellant.

No. 26499-8-III.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 3.

January 8, 2009.

*480 William D. McCool, Attorney at Law, Walla Walla, WA, for Appellant.

Gabriel E. Acosta, Attorney at Law, Walla Walla, WA, for Respondent.

SCHULTHEIS, C.J.

¶ 1 Edwin Francisco appeals his convictions of possession of cocaine and minor in possession or consumption of liquor. He challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to establish that he consumed or possessed alcohol and assigns error to the trial court's (1) failure to grant his motion for a directed verdict, (2) admission of testimony that drug users typically do not give away drugs, (3) failure to sustain his objection to the State testifying about matters not in the record during rebuttal argument, and (4) denial of his motion for a mistrial based on prosecutorial misconduct and a judicial comment on the evidence. We find the evidence insufficient to support Mr. Francisco's conviction for possession of alcohol and reverse that conviction. However, we reject his other assignments of error. We therefore reverse in part and affirm in part.

FACTS

¶ 2 At about 3:00 a.m. on June 3, 2006, police officer Lonnie Croft was dispatched to a residence in College Place, Washington to investigate a report of a person sleeping in a driveway. Upon arrival, Officer Croft saw Mr. Francisco lying on a driveway about 20 to 30 feet from the street. The officer tried to rouse Mr. Francisco, but he was unresponsive. Officer Croft could detect a strong odor of alcohol coming from Mr. Francisco. After a few minutes, Officer Croft elicited a few incoherent responses from Mr. Francisco pertaining to his name, address, and birthday. Eventually, he was able to determine Mr. Francisco's full name, age, and address.

¶ 3 Upon confirming that Mr. Francisco was under 21 years of age, Officer Croft arrested him for minor in possession of alcohol by consumption. During a search incident to arrest, Officer Croft found a baggy of cocaine in the front pocket of Mr. Francisco's jeans. The State charged Mr. Francisco with possession of cocaine and minor in consumption/possession of liquor.

¶ 4 During trial, Officer Croft testified that upon contact, Mr. Francisco was so inebriated that he could not have walked the short distance (two-tenths of a mile) to his home. He also testified that during the initial contact, Mr. Francisco reported being 19 years old, although he would have been 21 in less than three months.

¶ 5 At the close of the State's case, Mr. Francisco moved to dismiss the minor in possession of liquor charge, arguing that the State had failed to prove that he had possessed or consumed liquor in Washington State. He argued that because the incident occurred near the Oregon border, a rational trier of fact could not determine beyond a reasonable doubt where Mr. Francisco had acquired or consumed the alcohol.

¶ 6 The court denied the motion, stating, "[W]e know he consumed. . . . Where else could he have consumed it? . . . He was here. He was on foot. He wasn't very far from home. To me that's circumstantial evidence *481 it happened here locally." Report of Proceedings (RP) at 97.

¶ 7 Mr. Francisco presented his defense. Four witnesses testified that Mr. Francisco did not have a reputation as a drug user. Mr. Francisco testified that he remembered going to two parties on the evening of June 2. He remembered drinking at the first party, but did not testify as to its location. He stated that the second party occurred in the Eastgate area of College Place, but that he could only recall about 20 minutes of the party because he was already drunk when he arrived. He believed he had blacked out and could not recall how he came into possession of the cocaine.

¶ 8 After both sides rested, Mr. Francisco moved for a directed verdict on the possession of alcohol charge, arguing there was no evidence of where he had consumed the alcohol. The trial court denied the motion.

¶ 9 During closing argument, defense counsel argued that the jury should believe Mr. Francisco's claim that he did not know how the cocaine got in his pocket because he did not have a dirty urinalysis (U.A.). He argued: "[Y]ou saw that [the prosecutor] kept coming up with all these records from the jail, right? What record did he not produce for you? He did not produce for you a dirty urinalysis. Because one did not exist. The State knows that." RP at 186.

¶ 10 The State responded that the jail needs a court order before it can give an inmate a U.A. Defense counsel objected that the prosecutor was testifying and that his comment was untrue. The court responded that the jail must have a court order before it can give a U.A. Defense counsel objected that now the court was testifying. The court told the jury to disregard its statement. After closing arguments, Mr. Francisco moved for a mistrial based on the trial court's statement. The court denied the motion.

¶ 11 The jury convicted Mr. Francisco of both counts. He filed a motion for a new trial, alleging the prosecutor committed misconduct for testifying to matters not in evidence and judicial misconduct. He also filed a motion for arrest of judgment due to insufficiency of proof that Mr. Francisco had consumed alcohol in Washington. The trial court denied both motions. Mr. Francisco appeals.

ANALYSIS

Sufficiency of the Evidence

¶ 12 Mr. Francisco challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction of minor in possession/consumption of alcohol. In determining the sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and ask whether any rational trier of fact could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Salinas, 119 Wash.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 (1992). Circumstantial evidence is considered as reliable as direct evidence and we defer to the trier of fact on issues of credibility, conflicting evidence, and the persuasiveness of the evidence. State v. Myers, 133 Wash.2d 26, 38, 941 P.2d 1102 (1997).

¶ 13 RCW 66.44.270(2)(a) makes it "unlawful for any person under the age of twenty-one years to possess, consume, or otherwise acquire any liquor." "`Consume' includes the putting of liquor to any use, whether by drinking or otherwise." Former RCW 66.04.010(9) (2005). Possession can be established if a person "knows of the substance's presence, it is immediately accessible, and he or she exercises dominion or control over it." State v. Dalton, 72 Wash. App. 674, 676, 865 P.2d 575 (1994).

¶ 14 However, the presence of liquor in a person's body does not constitute possession because the person's power to control, possess, or dispose of it ends upon assimilation. State v. Hornaday, 105 Wash.2d 120, 126, 713 P.2d 71 (1986); State v. Allen, 63 Wash.App. 623, 625, 821 P.2d 533 (1991).

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State v. Francisco, 199 P.3d 478 (Wash. Ct. App. 2009).

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