[Cite as State v. Fourdyce, 2026-Ohio-1702.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 25CA012255
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE TOMAS FOURDYCE OBERLIN MUNICIPAL COURT COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 24CRB00237
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: May 11, 2026
CARR, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Tomas J. Fourdyce appeals the judgment of the Oberlin
Municipal Court. This Court affirms but remands the matter for the trial court to issue a nunc pro
tunc entry to correct a typographical error in the sentencing entry.
I.
{¶2} In June 2024, a complaint was filed alleging that on June 11, 2024, Fourdyce
committed the offense of menacing in violation of R.C. 2903.22 by threatening the Mayor of the
Village of Wellington (“the Mayor”) during a phone call.
{¶3} The matter proceeded to a bench trial at which both the Mayor and Fourdyce
testified. The trial court found Fourdyce guilty and proceeded to sentence him. At the sentencing
hearing, the trial court imposed a 10-day sentence which it then suspended. However, the
sentencing entry reflects that the trial court sentenced Fourdyce to 30 days with all of it suspended. 2
Because it is clear that the sentencing entry contains a clerical error, upon remand, the trial court
shall issue a nunc pro tunc entry to correctly reflect the 10-day sentence and suspension.
{¶4} Fourdyce has appealed, raising a single assignment of error for our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE VERDICT IN THIS CASE IS AGAINST THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE AND SHOULD BE REVERSED BECAUSE IT VIOLATES THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF OHIO. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONVICTING MR. FOURDYCE OF MENACING ([R.C.] 2903.22) WHEN THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE THE “KNOWINGLY” ELEMENT.
{¶5} In his sole assignment of error, Fourdyce asserts that the State failed to prove that
he knowingly caused the Mayor to believe that Fourdyce would cause the Mayor physical harm.
Thus, Fourdyce maintains that the finding of guilt is based upon insufficient evidence. Fourdyce
has not argued that the conviction is not supported by the weight of the evidence.
{¶6} When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must review the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether the evidence before the
trial court was sufficient to sustain a conviction. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 279 (1991).
An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶7} Fourdyce was found guilty of violating R.C. 2903.22. R.C. 2903.22(A)(1) provides
in relevant part, that “[n]o person shall knowingly cause another to believe that the offender will 3
cause physical harm to the person or property of the other person . . . .” “‘Physical harm to persons’
means any injury, illness, or other physiological impairment, regardless of its gravity or duration.”
R.C. 2901.01(A)(3). “‘Physical harm to property’ means any tangible or intangible damage to
property that, in any degree, results in loss to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment. [It]
does not include wear and tear occasioned by normal use.” R.C. 2901.01(A)(4).
A person acts knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the person is aware that the person’s conduct will probably cause a certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances when the person is aware that such circumstances probably exist. When knowledge of the existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge is established if a person subjectively believes that there is a high probability of its existence and fails to make inquiry or acts with a conscious purpose to avoid learning the fact.
R.C. 2901.22(B).
{¶8} “Under R.C. 2903.22(A), therefore, a defendant does not need to intend to cause
the victim to fear physical harm; it is sufficient that the defendant was aware that his conduct
would probably cause that result. An overt threat is not required. Rather, the statute proscribes a
much broader spectrum of behavior by criminalizing any conduct engaged in by a person knowing
that such conduct would cause another to believe the offender will cause the other person . . .
physical harm.” (Internal citations and quotations omitted.) State v. Williams, 2019-Ohio-1931,
¶ 6 (9th Dist.).
{¶9} At trial, the Mayor testified that he had been the Mayor of the Village of Wellington
for 9 years and prior to that he had served 14 years as a council member. The Mayor indicated
that he had a few dealings with Fourdyce over the years related to different issues. The Mayor
acknowledged that Fourdyce had served on the Design Review Board and some of the interactions
related to that. Most of the interactions occurred over Facebook Messenger. The Mayor testified
that it was common for him to engage in dialogue with residents over social media. The Mayor’s 4
office was also open to the public, and his cell phone number was available to residents. The
Mayor also admitted that on rare occasions, a resident would also show up at his house to raise an
issue or concern.
{¶10} In May 2023, Fourdyce reached out to the Mayor asking questions about the
Cemetery Board. The Mayor told Fourdyce that, if he was having issues with the Cemetery Board,
he should probably contact an attorney. Fourdyce thanked the Mayor.
{¶11} Fourdyce later reached out to the Mayor stating that Fourdyce was not getting
anywhere with the Cemetery Board. Fourdyce’s mother had previously purchased four plots in
the cemetery, but they were not completely paid for. Two of the plots housed the remains of
Fourdyce’s brother and sister and the cemetery may have filled one or both of the other two plots.
Fourdyce wanted the Village of Wellington to take responsibility and help resolve the issue.
{¶12} The Mayor proposed that the Cemetery Board would find four new plots and absorb
the expense to move the remains of Fourdyce’s siblings to the new plots. Fourdyce seemed to be
agreeable to the idea but also questioned whether he could sign the agreement if Fourdyce’s mother
refused.
{¶13} Fourdyce later told the Mayor that Fourdyce’s mother was no longer speaking to
him and he was upset, agitated, and angry.
{¶14} In approximately April 2024, Fourdyce came to a council meeting and spoke at the
meeting. The Mayor described Fourdyce as being angry and indicated that he was saying things
that were not true. The Mayor began to interrupt Fourdyce to correct him, and Fourdyce became
agitated and ended up leaving the meeting. The Mayor subsequently reached out to Fourdyce and
told him that the Mayor probably should have let Fourdyce continue speaking but the Mayor was
frustrated with the false statements Fourdyce made at the meeting and previously on social media. 5
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[Cite as State v. Fourdyce, 2026-Ohio-1702.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 25CA012255
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE TOMAS FOURDYCE OBERLIN MUNICIPAL COURT COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 24CRB00237
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: May 11, 2026
CARR, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Tomas J. Fourdyce appeals the judgment of the Oberlin
Municipal Court. This Court affirms but remands the matter for the trial court to issue a nunc pro
tunc entry to correct a typographical error in the sentencing entry.
I.
{¶2} In June 2024, a complaint was filed alleging that on June 11, 2024, Fourdyce
committed the offense of menacing in violation of R.C. 2903.22 by threatening the Mayor of the
Village of Wellington (“the Mayor”) during a phone call.
{¶3} The matter proceeded to a bench trial at which both the Mayor and Fourdyce
testified. The trial court found Fourdyce guilty and proceeded to sentence him. At the sentencing
hearing, the trial court imposed a 10-day sentence which it then suspended. However, the
sentencing entry reflects that the trial court sentenced Fourdyce to 30 days with all of it suspended. 2
Because it is clear that the sentencing entry contains a clerical error, upon remand, the trial court
shall issue a nunc pro tunc entry to correctly reflect the 10-day sentence and suspension.
{¶4} Fourdyce has appealed, raising a single assignment of error for our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE VERDICT IN THIS CASE IS AGAINST THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE AND SHOULD BE REVERSED BECAUSE IT VIOLATES THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF OHIO. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONVICTING MR. FOURDYCE OF MENACING ([R.C.] 2903.22) WHEN THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE THE “KNOWINGLY” ELEMENT.
{¶5} In his sole assignment of error, Fourdyce asserts that the State failed to prove that
he knowingly caused the Mayor to believe that Fourdyce would cause the Mayor physical harm.
Thus, Fourdyce maintains that the finding of guilt is based upon insufficient evidence. Fourdyce
has not argued that the conviction is not supported by the weight of the evidence.
{¶6} When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must review the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether the evidence before the
trial court was sufficient to sustain a conviction. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 279 (1991).
An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶7} Fourdyce was found guilty of violating R.C. 2903.22. R.C. 2903.22(A)(1) provides
in relevant part, that “[n]o person shall knowingly cause another to believe that the offender will 3
cause physical harm to the person or property of the other person . . . .” “‘Physical harm to persons’
means any injury, illness, or other physiological impairment, regardless of its gravity or duration.”
R.C. 2901.01(A)(3). “‘Physical harm to property’ means any tangible or intangible damage to
property that, in any degree, results in loss to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment. [It]
does not include wear and tear occasioned by normal use.” R.C. 2901.01(A)(4).
A person acts knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the person is aware that the person’s conduct will probably cause a certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances when the person is aware that such circumstances probably exist. When knowledge of the existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge is established if a person subjectively believes that there is a high probability of its existence and fails to make inquiry or acts with a conscious purpose to avoid learning the fact.
R.C. 2901.22(B).
{¶8} “Under R.C. 2903.22(A), therefore, a defendant does not need to intend to cause
the victim to fear physical harm; it is sufficient that the defendant was aware that his conduct
would probably cause that result. An overt threat is not required. Rather, the statute proscribes a
much broader spectrum of behavior by criminalizing any conduct engaged in by a person knowing
that such conduct would cause another to believe the offender will cause the other person . . .
physical harm.” (Internal citations and quotations omitted.) State v. Williams, 2019-Ohio-1931,
¶ 6 (9th Dist.).
{¶9} At trial, the Mayor testified that he had been the Mayor of the Village of Wellington
for 9 years and prior to that he had served 14 years as a council member. The Mayor indicated
that he had a few dealings with Fourdyce over the years related to different issues. The Mayor
acknowledged that Fourdyce had served on the Design Review Board and some of the interactions
related to that. Most of the interactions occurred over Facebook Messenger. The Mayor testified
that it was common for him to engage in dialogue with residents over social media. The Mayor’s 4
office was also open to the public, and his cell phone number was available to residents. The
Mayor also admitted that on rare occasions, a resident would also show up at his house to raise an
issue or concern.
{¶10} In May 2023, Fourdyce reached out to the Mayor asking questions about the
Cemetery Board. The Mayor told Fourdyce that, if he was having issues with the Cemetery Board,
he should probably contact an attorney. Fourdyce thanked the Mayor.
{¶11} Fourdyce later reached out to the Mayor stating that Fourdyce was not getting
anywhere with the Cemetery Board. Fourdyce’s mother had previously purchased four plots in
the cemetery, but they were not completely paid for. Two of the plots housed the remains of
Fourdyce’s brother and sister and the cemetery may have filled one or both of the other two plots.
Fourdyce wanted the Village of Wellington to take responsibility and help resolve the issue.
{¶12} The Mayor proposed that the Cemetery Board would find four new plots and absorb
the expense to move the remains of Fourdyce’s siblings to the new plots. Fourdyce seemed to be
agreeable to the idea but also questioned whether he could sign the agreement if Fourdyce’s mother
refused.
{¶13} Fourdyce later told the Mayor that Fourdyce’s mother was no longer speaking to
him and he was upset, agitated, and angry.
{¶14} In approximately April 2024, Fourdyce came to a council meeting and spoke at the
meeting. The Mayor described Fourdyce as being angry and indicated that he was saying things
that were not true. The Mayor began to interrupt Fourdyce to correct him, and Fourdyce became
agitated and ended up leaving the meeting. The Mayor subsequently reached out to Fourdyce and
told him that the Mayor probably should have let Fourdyce continue speaking but the Mayor was
frustrated with the false statements Fourdyce made at the meeting and previously on social media. 5
{¶15} Eventually, Fourdyce’s mother relented and agreed with the proposed resolution.
On June 11, 2024, the Mayor received a phone call from Fourdyce around 6:00 pm. Fourdyce was
very irate. He accused the Mayor of knowing that his siblings’ remains were being moved that
day and Fourdyce was upset that he was not told about it. The Mayor testified that he did not
know about the moving of the remains ahead of time as he does not directly oversee the cemetery.
The Mayor asserted that he only knew it had occurred after it was over. The Mayor indicated that
Fourdyce was yelling on the phone and blaming everyone including the Mayor. Fourdyce then
said, “I’m coming for you[.]” Following that statement, Fourdyce ended the call.
{¶16} The Mayor took the statement as a threat and described being shocked. The Mayor
took it as a threat because his prior dealings with Fourdyce caused him to think that Fourdyce was
someone who “act[ed] on emotion, act[ed] on anger, [and] [absolved] himself of any blame of
anything, and cast[] it upon others.” The Mayor expressed fear that Fourdyce would show up at
his home. The Mayor believed Fourdyce might cause the Mayor physical harm due to Fourdyce’s
erratic behavior on social media and how he handled other issues. The Mayor reported the incident
to the police within 15 minutes of it occurring. Prior to the June 11, 2024 incident, the Mayor had
never filed a complaint or gone to the police about Fourdyce’s behavior.
{¶17} Fourdyce also testified about the events at issue. Fourdyce acknowledged that
Fourdyce’s mother had still owed money on one of the plots. In May 2023, Fourdyce visited the
cemetery and noticed that one of the family plots had been used when it should have been empty.
Fourdyce tried to raise his concern with the Cemetery Board but was not getting anywhere. Then
he reached out to the Mayor in June 2023. The Mayor proposed moving Fourdyce’s siblings to
other graves in the same section. In April 2024, Fourdyce went to the council meeting because he
wanted to know the date that his siblings’ remains would be moved. Fourdyce described being 6
interrupted and berated by the Mayor. This made Fourdyce agitated and he left. Fourdyce
acknowledged that the Mayor later called Fourdyce to apologize. Fourdyce reiterated in the call
that his main concern was knowing when his siblings’ remains would be moved.
{¶18} On June 11, 2024, Fourdyce stopped by the cemetery and saw that his siblings’
remains were being moved and that they were being moved to a section not in the original proposal.
It was very upsetting to Fourdyce because he had made it clear that he wanted to be there for the
moving of the remains. In addition, Fourdyce was also distressed because his sister’s remains
were moved close to the remains of the person who was responsible for her death. Further, the
remains of the siblings were not buried in the correct order. Fourdyce called the funeral director
and was told that the funeral director was told not to tell Fourdyce the date the remains would be
moved.
{¶19} Next, Fourdyce called the Mayor. Fourdyce asked the Mayor if he was aware of
the situation and the Mayor said that he had received a message about it earlier but did not care.
Fourdyce called the Mayor an “evil person” and said that Fourdyce was “coming for [the Mayor’s]
title.” Then Fourdyce hung up on the Mayor. Fourdyce admitted that he made the statement
knowingly and voluntarily.
{¶20} Fourdyce testified that he meant that he was going to run against the Mayor and
had no intention of causing the Mayor physical harm. Fourdyce denied ever saying that he was
coming for the Mayor. Fourdyce claimed to have posted on social media over the years about his
intent to run against the Mayor but did not present any of the posts as evidence. Fourdyce also
acknowledged that he no longer lived in the Village of Wellington and could not run for Mayor of
the Village of Wellington if he did not live there. Fourdyce additionally admitted that he told the 7
Mayor in a message on Facebook Messenger that Fourdyce had been caused “so much pain and
suffering” and that he was “ready to move forward and make this end once and for all[.]”
{¶21} Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we can only
conclude that Fourdyce has not demonstrated that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the
guilty verdict. There was evidence of a long-standing issue concerning the four cemetery plots
and involving Fourdyce and government entities and officials. Understandably, Fourdyce was
very emotional and upset about what had occurred and was occurring. Nonetheless, the record
contains evidence that Fourdyce called up the Mayor, yelled at him, told the Mayor that Fourdyce
was “coming for” the Mayor, and then hung up. The Mayor perceived this as a threat and quickly
reported the incident to the police. Irrespective of whether Fourdyce intended to threaten the
Mayor, his behavior and statement, when viewed in a light most favorable to the State, support
that Fourdyce acted knowingly; it would be reasonable to conclude that Fourdyce realized that his
statement, given his irate state, would be perceived as a threat of physical harm. See Williams,
2019-Ohio-1931, at ¶ 6 (9th Dist.).
{¶22} Fourdyce’s assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶23} Fourdyce’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Oberlin
Municipal Court is affirmed, and the matter is remanded for the issuance of a nunc pro tunc
sentencing entry as explained above.
Judgment affirmed, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 8
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Oberlin Municipal
Court, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period
for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to
mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the
docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
DONNA J. CARR FOR THE COURT
HENSAL, J. SUTTON, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
DENISE G. WILMS, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
PATRICK WARD, Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.