[Cite as State v. Flynn, 2012-Ohio-1554.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. -vs- : : MAGGIE FLYNN : Case No. 11-CA-0105 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
NUNC PRO TUNC
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 11TRC3323
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 4, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JONATHAN C. DIERNBACH ANDREW T. SANDERSON 35 South Park Place 21 West Church Street Suite 35 Suite 201 Newark, OH 43055 Newark, OH 43055 LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} On April 2, 2011, Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper Jody Sawyers
observed a vehicle make a right turn from the left hand driving lane without using the
right hand turn lane. Trooper Sawyers effectuated a traffic stop. The vehicle was being
operated by appellant, Maggie Flynn. Upon investigation, appellant was charged with
driving while under the influence in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) and (2), improper
turn in violation of R.C. 4511.36, and failure to wear a seat belt in violation of R.C.
4513.263.
{¶2} On June 8, 2011, appellant filed a motion to suppress, claiming an illegal
stop. A hearing was held on July 6, 2011. By judgment entry filed July 8, 2011, the trial
court denied the motion.
{¶3} On October 14, 2011, appellant pled no contest to the charges. By
judgment entry filed same date, the trial court found appellant guilty and sentenced her
to one hundred eighty days in jail, one hundred sixty days suspended.
{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignment of error is as follows:
I
{¶5} "THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN DENYING
THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT'S MOTION TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE."
{¶6} Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying her motion to suppress.
We disagree. LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 3
{¶7} There are three methods of challenging on appeal a trial court's ruling on a
motion to suppress. First, an appellant may challenge the trial court's findings of fact.
In reviewing a challenge of this nature, an appellate court must determine whether said
findings of fact are against the manifest weight of the evidence. State v. Fanning
(1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19; State v. Klein (1991), 73 Ohio App.3d 485; State v. Guysinger
(1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 592. Second, an appellant may argue the trial court failed to
apply the appropriate test or correct law to the findings of fact. In that case, an
appellate court can reverse the trial court for committing an error of law. State v.
Williams (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 37. Finally, assuming the trial court's findings of fact
are not against the manifest weight of the evidence and it has properly identified the law
to be applied, an appellant may argue the trial court has incorrectly decided the ultimate
or final issue raised in the motion to suppress. When reviewing this type of claim, an
appellate court must independently determine, without deference to the trial court's
conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate legal standard in any given case.
State v. Curry (1994), 95 Ohio App.3d 93; State v. Claytor (1993), 85 Ohio App.3d 623;
Guysinger. As the United States Supreme Court held in Ornelas v. U.S. (1996), 116
S.Ct. 1657, 1663, "…as a general matter determinations of reasonable suspicion and
probable cause should be reviewed de novo on appeal."
{¶8} In Terry v. Ohio (1968), 392 U.S. 1, 22, the United States Supreme Court
determined that "a police officer may in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate
manner approach a person for purposes of investigating possible criminal behavior
even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest." However, for the propriety
of a brief investigatory stop pursuant to Terry, the police officer involved "must be able LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 4
to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences
from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion." Id. at 21. Such an investigatory
stop "must be viewed in the light of the totality of the surrounding circumstances"
presented to the police officer. State v. Freeman (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 291, paragraph
one of the syllabus.
{¶9} The gravamen of the issue presented in this case is whether Trooper
Sawyers's knowledge at the time of the stop was sufficient to support a reasonable
articulable suspicion to warrant the stop. Appellant argues the video of the stop does
not support the trooper's testimony that he observed her make a right turn from the left
hand driving lane cutting across the designated right hand turn lane.
{¶10} Trooper Sawyers first observed appellant's vehicle coming out of a parking
lot driving "kind of erratic." July 6, 2011 T. at 5. This caused him to follow the vehicle
and continue his observation:
{¶11} "Q. And you mentioned what did you observe that you can see?
{¶12} "A: Uh…when we got to the intersection where uh…there is a Airport
Road, I guess they consider it there to go back towards uh…Indian Mound Mall,
uh…Kroger's is on the right and the Indian Mount Mall is on the left uh…the vehicle was
in the left hand lane and there is two turn lanes beside it and the vehicle was in the left
hand driving lane and turned across the right hand lane across through the berm into
the parking lot for the Kroger parking area and White Castle also.
{¶13} "***
{¶14} "Q. Okay and you say she then…when she turned into the parking lot just
cut across the right hand lane is that correct? LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 5
{¶15} "A. Right.
{¶16} "***
{¶17} "Q. Now it appears that she doesn't make a 90 degree turn so would it be
fair to say she actually has to be in the right hand lane before she begins her turn?
{¶18} "A. She might have been over the…in the lane in that line but she did not
go to the right hand lane to make that transition from the direct right hand lane into the
parking lot. Do you understand what I am saying? There wasn't an immediate…there
wasn't a lane change prior to the intersection prior to getting to the intersection." Id. at
6-7, 8, 12, respectively.
{¶19} At that point, Trooper Sawyers stopped appellant as she was in the White
Castle drive-thru. Id. at 9.
{¶20} During rebuttal at the conclusion of the suppression hearing, the
prosecutor admitted the video view was obstructed during the turn and "you can't see
what she does exactly." Id. at 17. Defense counsel also stated there was "good and
bad" in the video and appellant was "slowing down for the turn well before the
intersection so it only makes since (sic) that she was also getting over." Id, at 16.
{¶21} The trial court heard the testimony of Trooper Sawyers and watched the
video of the stop. In its judgment entry filed July 8, 2011, the trial court specifically
found Trooper Sawyers observed an illegal turn:
{¶22} "For the reasons which follow the Court overrules the Defendant's Motion
and rules that the Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper, J. D. Sawyers, not only had a
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Flynn, 2012-Ohio-1554.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. -vs- : : MAGGIE FLYNN : Case No. 11-CA-0105 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
NUNC PRO TUNC
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 11TRC3323
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 4, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JONATHAN C. DIERNBACH ANDREW T. SANDERSON 35 South Park Place 21 West Church Street Suite 35 Suite 201 Newark, OH 43055 Newark, OH 43055 LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} On April 2, 2011, Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper Jody Sawyers
observed a vehicle make a right turn from the left hand driving lane without using the
right hand turn lane. Trooper Sawyers effectuated a traffic stop. The vehicle was being
operated by appellant, Maggie Flynn. Upon investigation, appellant was charged with
driving while under the influence in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) and (2), improper
turn in violation of R.C. 4511.36, and failure to wear a seat belt in violation of R.C.
4513.263.
{¶2} On June 8, 2011, appellant filed a motion to suppress, claiming an illegal
stop. A hearing was held on July 6, 2011. By judgment entry filed July 8, 2011, the trial
court denied the motion.
{¶3} On October 14, 2011, appellant pled no contest to the charges. By
judgment entry filed same date, the trial court found appellant guilty and sentenced her
to one hundred eighty days in jail, one hundred sixty days suspended.
{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignment of error is as follows:
I
{¶5} "THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN DENYING
THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT'S MOTION TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE."
{¶6} Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying her motion to suppress.
We disagree. LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 3
{¶7} There are three methods of challenging on appeal a trial court's ruling on a
motion to suppress. First, an appellant may challenge the trial court's findings of fact.
In reviewing a challenge of this nature, an appellate court must determine whether said
findings of fact are against the manifest weight of the evidence. State v. Fanning
(1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19; State v. Klein (1991), 73 Ohio App.3d 485; State v. Guysinger
(1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 592. Second, an appellant may argue the trial court failed to
apply the appropriate test or correct law to the findings of fact. In that case, an
appellate court can reverse the trial court for committing an error of law. State v.
Williams (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 37. Finally, assuming the trial court's findings of fact
are not against the manifest weight of the evidence and it has properly identified the law
to be applied, an appellant may argue the trial court has incorrectly decided the ultimate
or final issue raised in the motion to suppress. When reviewing this type of claim, an
appellate court must independently determine, without deference to the trial court's
conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate legal standard in any given case.
State v. Curry (1994), 95 Ohio App.3d 93; State v. Claytor (1993), 85 Ohio App.3d 623;
Guysinger. As the United States Supreme Court held in Ornelas v. U.S. (1996), 116
S.Ct. 1657, 1663, "…as a general matter determinations of reasonable suspicion and
probable cause should be reviewed de novo on appeal."
{¶8} In Terry v. Ohio (1968), 392 U.S. 1, 22, the United States Supreme Court
determined that "a police officer may in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate
manner approach a person for purposes of investigating possible criminal behavior
even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest." However, for the propriety
of a brief investigatory stop pursuant to Terry, the police officer involved "must be able LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 4
to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences
from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion." Id. at 21. Such an investigatory
stop "must be viewed in the light of the totality of the surrounding circumstances"
presented to the police officer. State v. Freeman (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 291, paragraph
one of the syllabus.
{¶9} The gravamen of the issue presented in this case is whether Trooper
Sawyers's knowledge at the time of the stop was sufficient to support a reasonable
articulable suspicion to warrant the stop. Appellant argues the video of the stop does
not support the trooper's testimony that he observed her make a right turn from the left
hand driving lane cutting across the designated right hand turn lane.
{¶10} Trooper Sawyers first observed appellant's vehicle coming out of a parking
lot driving "kind of erratic." July 6, 2011 T. at 5. This caused him to follow the vehicle
and continue his observation:
{¶11} "Q. And you mentioned what did you observe that you can see?
{¶12} "A: Uh…when we got to the intersection where uh…there is a Airport
Road, I guess they consider it there to go back towards uh…Indian Mound Mall,
uh…Kroger's is on the right and the Indian Mount Mall is on the left uh…the vehicle was
in the left hand lane and there is two turn lanes beside it and the vehicle was in the left
hand driving lane and turned across the right hand lane across through the berm into
the parking lot for the Kroger parking area and White Castle also.
{¶13} "***
{¶14} "Q. Okay and you say she then…when she turned into the parking lot just
cut across the right hand lane is that correct? LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 5
{¶15} "A. Right.
{¶16} "***
{¶17} "Q. Now it appears that she doesn't make a 90 degree turn so would it be
fair to say she actually has to be in the right hand lane before she begins her turn?
{¶18} "A. She might have been over the…in the lane in that line but she did not
go to the right hand lane to make that transition from the direct right hand lane into the
parking lot. Do you understand what I am saying? There wasn't an immediate…there
wasn't a lane change prior to the intersection prior to getting to the intersection." Id. at
6-7, 8, 12, respectively.
{¶19} At that point, Trooper Sawyers stopped appellant as she was in the White
Castle drive-thru. Id. at 9.
{¶20} During rebuttal at the conclusion of the suppression hearing, the
prosecutor admitted the video view was obstructed during the turn and "you can't see
what she does exactly." Id. at 17. Defense counsel also stated there was "good and
bad" in the video and appellant was "slowing down for the turn well before the
intersection so it only makes since (sic) that she was also getting over." Id, at 16.
{¶21} The trial court heard the testimony of Trooper Sawyers and watched the
video of the stop. In its judgment entry filed July 8, 2011, the trial court specifically
found Trooper Sawyers observed an illegal turn:
{¶22} "For the reasons which follow the Court overrules the Defendant's Motion
and rules that the Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper, J. D. Sawyers, not only had a
reasonable suspicion of criminal activity to justify the traffic stop but, in fact, he had
probable cause to make the stop in as much as he observed the Defendant making an LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 6
illegal turn from the straight lane on State Route 79 in Heath Ohio onto the Kroger
parking lot. Stated differently the Defendant was traveling northbound on State Route
79. There are two northbound lanes. She was in the left hand lane and made a right
hand turn in the intersection traversing the right hand lane prior to entering the Kroger
parking lot. Such a maneuver is clearly illegal pursuant to Ohio's traffic code. Moreover
the only testimony presented was a video tape which was inconclusive and the officer's
testimony which was not."
{¶23} Appellant challenges the trial court's findings on credibility of the trooper
and observation of the video. The weight to be given to the evidence and the credibility
of the witnesses are issues for the trier of fact. State v. Jamison (1990), 49 Ohio St.3d
182, certiorari denied (1990), 498 U.S. 881. The trier of fact "has the best opportunity to
view the demeanor, attitude, and credibility of each witness, something that does not
translate well on the written page." Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, 1997-
Ohio-260.
{¶24} From our review of the video, we concur there is an obstructed view of
appellant. However, the video does show a rapid, diagonal movement from the left
hand driving lane into the Kroger/White Castle parking lot. We concur with the trial
court's analysis that erratic driving was shown and it supported the trooper's testimony.
{¶25} Upon review, we find the trial court did not err in denying the motion to
suppress.
{¶26} The sole assignment of error is denied. LIcking County, Case No. 11-CA-0105 7
{¶27} The judgment of the Municipal Court of Licking County, Ohio is hereby
affirmed.
By Farmer, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Hoffman, J. concur.
S / Sheila G. Farmer__________
_S /W. Scott Gwin___________
_S/ William B. Hoffman_________
JUDGES
SGF/sg 307 [Cite as State v. Flynn, 2012-Ohio-1554.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : MAGGIE FLYNN : (NUNC PRO TUNC) : Defendant-Appellant : CASE NO. 11-CA-0105
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Municipal Court of Licking County, Ohio is affirmed. Costs to appellant.