[Cite as State v. Farmer, 2014-Ohio-2812.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Appellate Case No. 25956 Plaintiff-Appellee : : Trial Court Case No. 07-CR-4216 v. : : DAVID A. FARMER : (Criminal Appeal from : (Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
........... OPINION Rendered on the 27th day of June, 2014. ...........
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by KIRSTEN A. BRANDT, Atty. Reg. #0070162, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, P.O. Box 972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
DAVID A. FARMER, #A585-458, London Correctional Institution, Post Office Box 69, London, Ohio 43140-0069 Defendant-Appellant, pro se
.............
HALL, J.,
{¶ 1} David Farmer appeals pro se from the trial court’s decision and entry overruling his motion for leave to file a delayed motion for a new trial.
{¶ 2} In his sole assignment of error, Farmer challenges the trial court’s finding that
he was not unavoidably prevented from discovering a witness’s history of mishandling evidence
and that this allegedly withheld information was not material.
{¶ 3} The record reflects that Farmer was arrested in 2007 on two counts of rape and
one count of gross sexual imposition involving a young child. Thereafter, the trial court partially
sustained a motion to suppress evidence. It denied the motion, however, with respect to DNA test
results. At trial, the victim testified about what had happened. The State also presented
eyewitness testimony from the victim’s cousin. In addition, DNA expert Amy Rismiller testified
that saliva found on Farmer’s penis contained a mixture of his and the victim’s DNA. A jury
found him guilty on all counts in 2008, and the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of
twenty years to life in prison. This court affirmed on direct appeal on November 13, 2009. See
State v. Farmer, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22852, 2009-Ohio-6013. Three and one-half years
later, on May 23, 2013, Farmer filed a motion for leave to file a delayed motion for a new trial.
Accompanying the motion for leave was a copy of the proposed new-trial motion. (Doc. #2-3).
The trial court denied Farmer leave to file his motion. (Doc. #10). This appeal followed.
{¶ 4} Under Crim.R. 33(A)(6), a convicted defendant may move for a new trial “when
new evidence material to the defense is discovered which the defendant could not with
reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the trial.” Pursuant to Crim.R. 33(B), such
a motion must be filed within 120 days after the verdict unless the trial court finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the defendant was unavoidably prevented from discovering the
evidence sooner. A defendant is unavoidably prevented from moving for a new trial if he had no
knowledge of the ground supporting the motion and with reasonable diligence could not have 3
learned of that ground within the time prescribed for filing the motion. State v. Isa, 2d Dist.
Champaign No. 2013CA20, 2014-Ohio-139, ¶ 8. We review the denial of a motion for leave to
file a delayed new-trial motion for an abuse of discretion. State v. Portis, 2d Dist. Clark No.
2012-CA-76, 2013-Ohio-1822, ¶ 2.
{¶ 5} In his motion for leave, Farmer cited two pieces of newly discovered evidence:
(1) the fact that Rismiller previously had been disciplined for contaminating DNA samples and
(2) the fact that the trial court did not hold a competency hearing for the complaining witness,
who was under ten years of age. Farmer claimed he fortuitously discovered the first fact while
performing legal research in prison and coming across the case of State v. Scott, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 22745, 2010-Ohio-1919, which we note was filed and publicly released April
30, 2010. He argued that Rismiller’s disciplinary history was impeachment evidence that the
State had failed to disclose even though the discipline had preceded his trial.1 Neither Farmer’s
motion nor his accompanying affidavit specified when he had found the Scott case. With regard
to the second fact, the lack of a competency hearing, Farmer claimed his trial attorney falsely told
him a hearing had been held. According to Farmer, he did not learn otherwise until he received a
copy of the full docket sometime in 2011.
{¶ 6} In denying Farmer’s motion for leave, the trial court first noted that the record
1 In Scott, the defendant unsuccessfully “sought to question Rismiller about a memorandum from her technical leader at the Miami Valley Regional Crime Lab to a supervisor about prior, unrelated contamination of DNA evidence during analysis, a matter for which she had apparently been disciplined in the past.” Scott at ¶ 41. The nature, extent or time frame of the purported discipline, or whether it had any impact on 2008 forms of DNA analysis was not part of the record. Upon review, this court opined that “the defense, in an attempt to impeach an expert opinion, should have been permitted to cross-examine Rismiller about any documented issues concerning her handling of specimens, even if her specific role in the prior case were different from the her role in Scott’s case (i.e., the collection v. the analysis of DNA evidence ).” Id. at ¶ 42. This court ultimately found the denial of cross examination to be harmless error, however, in light of the substantial evidence against Scott. Id. at ¶ 43. 4
belied his claim about the lack of a competency hearing. The trial court cited a June 17, 2008
entry in which it found the child victim competent to testify following an in camera hearing.
Farmer has conceded that issue on appeal. With regard to Rismiller’s disciplinary history, the
trial court made three findings: (1) that her name and contact information were provided in
discovery and defense counsel could have questioned her about her DNA handling practices
before trial; (2) that the Scott decision was issued on April 30, 2010 and Farmer had failed to
explain why he waited until May 23, 2013 to seek leave to file a delayed new-trial motion; and
(3) that the non-disclosure of Rismiller’s past discipline did not materially affect his substantial
rights or deny him a fair trial in any event.
{¶ 7} For present purposes, we will focus on the trial court’s first two findings, which
are dispositive of Farmer’s motion for leave. In support of the first finding, the trial court
reasoned:
In the case at bar, on June 12, 2008, the prosecution filed the State of
Ohio’s Written List of Witnesses. Among the witness[es] listed: “AMY
RISMILLER, Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory, 361 West Third Street,
Dayton, Ohio 45402.” Id. Thus, at least eleven days prior to the commencement of
the trial, the defense was placed on notice that Ms. Rismiller would be a State’s
witness. As in State v. Portis, supra, there is no reason why Mr. Farmer’s attorney
could not have spoken to Ms. Rismiller prior to trial. In cases involving forensic
evidence, “chain of custody” is always a potential trial issue. A reasonably diligent
interview would have included questioning Rismiller regarding the policy and
practice of the Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory in the handling of DNA 5
specimens—and whether she has been in compliance with that policy and practice.
Therefore, this Court finds Mr. Farmer failed to present clear and convincing
evidence that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering this evidence within
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[Cite as State v. Farmer, 2014-Ohio-2812.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Appellate Case No. 25956 Plaintiff-Appellee : : Trial Court Case No. 07-CR-4216 v. : : DAVID A. FARMER : (Criminal Appeal from : (Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : :
........... OPINION Rendered on the 27th day of June, 2014. ...........
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by KIRSTEN A. BRANDT, Atty. Reg. #0070162, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, P.O. Box 972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
DAVID A. FARMER, #A585-458, London Correctional Institution, Post Office Box 69, London, Ohio 43140-0069 Defendant-Appellant, pro se
.............
HALL, J.,
{¶ 1} David Farmer appeals pro se from the trial court’s decision and entry overruling his motion for leave to file a delayed motion for a new trial.
{¶ 2} In his sole assignment of error, Farmer challenges the trial court’s finding that
he was not unavoidably prevented from discovering a witness’s history of mishandling evidence
and that this allegedly withheld information was not material.
{¶ 3} The record reflects that Farmer was arrested in 2007 on two counts of rape and
one count of gross sexual imposition involving a young child. Thereafter, the trial court partially
sustained a motion to suppress evidence. It denied the motion, however, with respect to DNA test
results. At trial, the victim testified about what had happened. The State also presented
eyewitness testimony from the victim’s cousin. In addition, DNA expert Amy Rismiller testified
that saliva found on Farmer’s penis contained a mixture of his and the victim’s DNA. A jury
found him guilty on all counts in 2008, and the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of
twenty years to life in prison. This court affirmed on direct appeal on November 13, 2009. See
State v. Farmer, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22852, 2009-Ohio-6013. Three and one-half years
later, on May 23, 2013, Farmer filed a motion for leave to file a delayed motion for a new trial.
Accompanying the motion for leave was a copy of the proposed new-trial motion. (Doc. #2-3).
The trial court denied Farmer leave to file his motion. (Doc. #10). This appeal followed.
{¶ 4} Under Crim.R. 33(A)(6), a convicted defendant may move for a new trial “when
new evidence material to the defense is discovered which the defendant could not with
reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the trial.” Pursuant to Crim.R. 33(B), such
a motion must be filed within 120 days after the verdict unless the trial court finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the defendant was unavoidably prevented from discovering the
evidence sooner. A defendant is unavoidably prevented from moving for a new trial if he had no
knowledge of the ground supporting the motion and with reasonable diligence could not have 3
learned of that ground within the time prescribed for filing the motion. State v. Isa, 2d Dist.
Champaign No. 2013CA20, 2014-Ohio-139, ¶ 8. We review the denial of a motion for leave to
file a delayed new-trial motion for an abuse of discretion. State v. Portis, 2d Dist. Clark No.
2012-CA-76, 2013-Ohio-1822, ¶ 2.
{¶ 5} In his motion for leave, Farmer cited two pieces of newly discovered evidence:
(1) the fact that Rismiller previously had been disciplined for contaminating DNA samples and
(2) the fact that the trial court did not hold a competency hearing for the complaining witness,
who was under ten years of age. Farmer claimed he fortuitously discovered the first fact while
performing legal research in prison and coming across the case of State v. Scott, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 22745, 2010-Ohio-1919, which we note was filed and publicly released April
30, 2010. He argued that Rismiller’s disciplinary history was impeachment evidence that the
State had failed to disclose even though the discipline had preceded his trial.1 Neither Farmer’s
motion nor his accompanying affidavit specified when he had found the Scott case. With regard
to the second fact, the lack of a competency hearing, Farmer claimed his trial attorney falsely told
him a hearing had been held. According to Farmer, he did not learn otherwise until he received a
copy of the full docket sometime in 2011.
{¶ 6} In denying Farmer’s motion for leave, the trial court first noted that the record
1 In Scott, the defendant unsuccessfully “sought to question Rismiller about a memorandum from her technical leader at the Miami Valley Regional Crime Lab to a supervisor about prior, unrelated contamination of DNA evidence during analysis, a matter for which she had apparently been disciplined in the past.” Scott at ¶ 41. The nature, extent or time frame of the purported discipline, or whether it had any impact on 2008 forms of DNA analysis was not part of the record. Upon review, this court opined that “the defense, in an attempt to impeach an expert opinion, should have been permitted to cross-examine Rismiller about any documented issues concerning her handling of specimens, even if her specific role in the prior case were different from the her role in Scott’s case (i.e., the collection v. the analysis of DNA evidence ).” Id. at ¶ 42. This court ultimately found the denial of cross examination to be harmless error, however, in light of the substantial evidence against Scott. Id. at ¶ 43. 4
belied his claim about the lack of a competency hearing. The trial court cited a June 17, 2008
entry in which it found the child victim competent to testify following an in camera hearing.
Farmer has conceded that issue on appeal. With regard to Rismiller’s disciplinary history, the
trial court made three findings: (1) that her name and contact information were provided in
discovery and defense counsel could have questioned her about her DNA handling practices
before trial; (2) that the Scott decision was issued on April 30, 2010 and Farmer had failed to
explain why he waited until May 23, 2013 to seek leave to file a delayed new-trial motion; and
(3) that the non-disclosure of Rismiller’s past discipline did not materially affect his substantial
rights or deny him a fair trial in any event.
{¶ 7} For present purposes, we will focus on the trial court’s first two findings, which
are dispositive of Farmer’s motion for leave. In support of the first finding, the trial court
reasoned:
In the case at bar, on June 12, 2008, the prosecution filed the State of
Ohio’s Written List of Witnesses. Among the witness[es] listed: “AMY
RISMILLER, Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory, 361 West Third Street,
Dayton, Ohio 45402.” Id. Thus, at least eleven days prior to the commencement of
the trial, the defense was placed on notice that Ms. Rismiller would be a State’s
witness. As in State v. Portis, supra, there is no reason why Mr. Farmer’s attorney
could not have spoken to Ms. Rismiller prior to trial. In cases involving forensic
evidence, “chain of custody” is always a potential trial issue. A reasonably diligent
interview would have included questioning Rismiller regarding the policy and
practice of the Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory in the handling of DNA 5
specimens—and whether she has been in compliance with that policy and practice.
Therefore, this Court finds Mr. Farmer failed to present clear and convincing
evidence that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering this evidence within
the time set forth in Crim.R. 33(B). For this reason, his motion is untimely.
(Doc. #10 at 4).
{¶ 8} On appeal, Farmer contends his knowledge of Rismiller’s name on a witness list
does not mean that with reasonable diligence he should have discovered her prior discipline
within the time required by Crim.R. 33(B). In our view, the issue is a close one. Based on our
review of the record, however, we cannot say the trial court’s resolution of the issue was
unreasonable. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion.
{¶ 9} In State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 564 N.E.2d 54 (1990), the Ohio Supreme
Court held that two defendants had failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that they
were unavoidably prevented from discovering juror misconduct. In reaching this conclusion, the
court noted that defense counsel could have interviewed jurors about any potential misconduct
but did not. The court reasoned: “It cannot be said with any degree of probability, let alone
conclusively, that [the defendant] was unavoidably prevented from discovering any alleged
misconduct * * * since none of his attorneys asked about juror misconduct, outside influence,
tampering or other improper conduct which could have been identified and proved by means of
outside sources.” Id. at 75.
{¶ 10} In the Portis case cited by the trial court below, the defendant was convicted of
complicity in the commission of a robbery. He later sought leave to file a delayed motion for a
new trial based on newly discovered evidence. Specifically, he claimed that he recently had 6
discovered previously undisclosed police interviews of two witnesses who allegedly possessed
exculpatory information. The trial court denied the motion. This court affirmed, reasoning:
* * * In the case before us, Portis was not unavoidably prevented from
discovering the existence of the witnesses, or the content of their testimony,
because their names were disclosed on the police report furnished to Portis’s
attorney.
Specifically, the documents attached to Portis’s motion indicate that the
State provided defense counsel with a discovery packet on January 3, 2008. The
packet included law enforcement reports. A copy of the police report, which is
also attached to Portis’s motion, lists Buck and Schoneberger as other persons
who were arrested in connection with the offense. In addition, the report contains
their birth dates and telephone numbers. Because the identities of Buck and
Schoneberger, and their contact information, were disclosed in January 2007,
there is no reason why either Portis or his attorney could not have spoken to these
individuals prior to the trial, which was held more than two months later.
Portis at ¶ 20-22.
{¶ 11} Similarly, the trial court here reasonably concluded that Farmer had not shown,
by clear and convincing evidence, that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering
information about Rismiller’s prior discipline. As the trial court correctly noted, Farmer knew
Rismiller’s name and contact information. The record does not demonstrate that his attorney
made any effort to speak with her. Under these circumstances, we cannot say the trial court
abused its discretion in denying Farmer’s motion for leave. 7
{¶ 12} But even if we were to accept Farmer’s claim that he could not have been
expected to discover Rismiller’s prior discipline with reasonable diligence because his attorney
had no reason to inquire about it, we still would find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
ruling. As an independent basis for denying Farmer’s motion, the trial court noted that the Scott
decision, which allegedly put him on notice of the disciplinary issue, was decided more than three
years before he sought leave. The trial court reasoned:
Mr. Farmer states that “It was not until I happened to be reading some
cases on LEXIS at the prison library that I happened to see the State v. Scott case
in which it discussed her [Rismiller] having been subjected to professional
discipline for botching previous work.” Affidavit of Defendant.
The decision of State v. Scott, Montgomery App. No. 22745, was issued on
April 30, 2010. Notably, this decision was rendered by the same appellate court
that considered Mr. Farmer’s own appeal (Montgomery App. No. 22852). It is not
until three years after the Scott decision was issued that Mr. Farmer—in reliance
upon Scott—has filed his Motion for Leave to File Delayed Motion for New Trial.
Stated differently, nine 120-day time periods have elapsed since the issuance of
[the] Scott decision and Mr. Farmer filing his Motion.
This Court finds the following: Through the exercise of due diligence, the
Scott decision—upon which Mr. Farmer relies—could have been discovered much
earlier than three years after that decision was issued. Therefore, this Court finds
Mr. Farmer has not sought leave to file a motion for new trial within a reasonable
time[;] through the exercise of due diligence, he could have discovered the 8
evidence—reported in the Scott decision—pertaining to Ms. Rismiller’s
disciplinary action.
(Doc. #`10 at 5-6).
{¶ 13} Assuming that Farmer reasonably could not have filed a new-trial motion within
120 days after the jury’s verdict because Scott was not decided until April 2010, he still was
required to seek leave within a reasonable time after discovering Scott. State v. McConnell, 2d
Dist. Montgomery No. 24315, 2011-Ohio-5555, ¶ 20 (“After the 120 days have elapsed the party
seeking leave to file a motion for new trial must prove he or she was unavoidably prevented from
discovering the new evidence and filing his or her motion within the prescribed period. Once the
evidence is known to the defendant, caselaw dictates that it is incumbent upon him to act within a
reasonable time period.”); State v. Davis, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010256, 2013-Ohio-846, ¶
10 (“In the present matter, Mr. Davis’ motion and affidavit fail to provide clear and convincing
proof as to why he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the telephone records in a timely
manner. Also, Mr. Davis provides no explanation as to why it was reasonable for him to wait an
additional eight months to file his motion for leave after obtaining the telephone records.”); State
v. Caulley, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-100, 2012-Ohio-2649, ¶ 12 (“In addition to
demonstrating that he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the evidence relied upon to
support the motion for new trial, a defendant seeking leave to file a delayed motion for new trial
also must show that the motion for leave was filed within a reasonable time after discovering the
evidence relied upon to support the motion for new trial.”).
{¶ 14} Notably absent from Farmer’s motion for leave and the accompanying affidavit is
any indication when he saw the Scott decision. He professed to have found it while reading case 9
law in the prison law library but did not specify when that event occurred. In light of the
unexplained three-year delay between the issuance of Scott and the filing of Farmer’s motion for
leave, we believe he failed to demonstrate that he filed the motion within a reasonable time after
discovering Scott. For this additional reason, the trial court did not err in denying his motion for
leave to file a delayed new-trial motion.
{¶ 15} The sole assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment of the Montgomery
County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.
FAIN, and WELBAUM, JJ., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Mathias H. Heck Kirsten Brandt David Farmer Hon. Dennis J. Langer