[Cite as State v. Farless, 2016-Ohio-1571.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals Nos. L-15-1060 L-15-1061 Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201402772 v. CR0201402689
Brett Farless DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: April 15, 2016
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jennifer M. Lambdin, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Lawrence A. Golf, for appellant.
***** PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Brett Farless, appeals from two February 4, 2015 judgments of
the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas in case Nos. CR0201402689 and
CR0201402772. In both judgments, appellant was convicted and sentenced following the
entry of a guilty plea to two counts of burglary. Appellant was sentenced to 16 years of imprisonment, 4 years on each count to be served consecutively in an Ohio Department
of Rehabilitation and Corrections facility. On appeal, he asserts the following
assignments of error:
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR: THE TRIAL COURT
COMMITTED ERROR TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT BY
IMPOSING COURT COSTS AND FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF APPELLANT’S PRESENT OR
FUTURE ABILITY TO PAY.
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR: APPELLANT RECEIVED
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN VIOLATION OF HIS
RIGHTS UNDER THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS
TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, §10 OF
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
{¶ 2} Appellant’s two assignments of error will be addressed together so that each
cost or financial sanction may be addressed separately. In his first assignment of error,
appellant argues the trial court erred as a matter of law by imposing court costs and
financial sanctions without first determining that he had the ability to pay based on a
meaningful inquiry or consideration of the fact that he had been sentenced to 16 years of
imprisonment.
{¶ 3} At the sentencing hearing and in its sentencing judgments, the court found
appellant “ha[d], or reasonably could be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of
2. the applicable costs of supervision, confinement, assigned counsel, and prosecution”
pursuant to R.C. 9.92(C), 2929.18, and 2951.021, and restitution to the victims in the
amounts of $180, $3,500, and $260.
{¶ 4} Our standard of review on this issue is whether the imposition of costs and
financial sanctions was contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(A)(4) and (G)(2)(b). State v.
Collins, 2015-Ohio-3710, 41 N.E.3d 899, ¶ 31 (12th Dist.).
{¶ 5} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues his counsel rendered
ineffective assistance by failing to object to the imposition of costs and financial
sanctions. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of appointed counsel, the
defendant must show that his counsel’s representation “fell below an objective standard
of reasonableness,” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80
L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and “prejudice arises from counsel’s performance.” State v.
Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraph two of the syllabus.
Generally, when the action of counsel amounts to a trial tactic, it cannot later be used in a
challenge that the trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland at
689; State v. Elmore, 111 Ohio St.3d 515, 2006-Ohio-6207, 857 N.E.2d 547, ¶ 116.
Some of the costs imposed by the court are mandatory and must be imposed
regardless of whether the defendant has the ability to pay the cost. R.C. 9.92(C) requires
the court to impose a cost for the citizens reward program without consideration of
whether the defendant had the ability to pay the cost. State v. Maloy, 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-10-1350, 2011-Ohio-6919, ¶ 12. Therefore, the trial court did not err by imposing this
3. cost and appellant’s counsel did not have this cost remitted to him pursuant to the statute.
Appellant has not shown a reasonable probability the court would have remitted the cost
to him.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(a) provides that the trial court shall include in every
sentencing judgment the costs of prosecution without consideration of whether the
defendant has the ability to pay such costs. State v. Rohda, 6th Dist. No. F-06-007, 2006-
Ohio-6291, ¶ 13. Therefore, we find the trial court did not err by imposing the costs of
prosecution.
{¶ 7} If the offender files a motion for waiver of payment of the court costs, the
trial court has the discretion to waive payment of court costs. R.C. 2942.092; State v.
Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, ¶ 11. Appellant did not file
a motion for a waiver. However, R.C. 2947.23(C) provides that the trial court retains
jurisdiction to address the waiver, suspension, or modification of the payment of the court
costs. Therefore, the defendant does not need to move at the time of sentencing for
waiver of the payment of costs. State v. Farnese, 4th Dist. Washington No. 15CA11,
2015-Ohio-3533, ¶ 12-16. The decision of whether to seek a waiver at the time of
sentencing or a later date is a matter of strategy and cannot be reviewed on appeal. State
v. Pultz, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-14-083, 2016-Ohio-329.
{¶ 8} R.C. 2921.18(A)(1) permits the trial court to order restitution as a financial
sanction based on evidence in the record of the actual economic loss suffered by the
victim that was directly and proximately caused by the offense. State v. Welden, 12th
4. Dist. Warren No. CA2011-01-005, 2011-Ohio-4345, ¶ 19-21. However, in this case,
appellant agreed in the plea agreement to make full restitution to both victims in the
amount to be determined by the trial court. At the time of the sentencing hearing, the
parties stipulated to the restitution amount. We find, therefore, the trial court did not err
by imposing this financial sanction pursuant to the plea agreement. R.C. 2953.08(D)(1);
State v. Burns, 2012-Ohio-4191, 976 N.E.2d 969, ¶ 20 (6th Dist.); State v. Dahms, 6th
Dist. Sandusky No. S-11-028, 2012-Ohio-3181, ¶ 17. Again, we find there was no basis
on which appellant’s counsel could have objected.
{¶ 9} R.C. 2929.18(A)(5)(a)(ii) requires that the trial court impose against all
convicted defendants a financial sanction for the costs of confinement in a state
institution to the extent he is able to pay. R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) also requires the trial court
to consider the defendant’s present and future ability to pay any financial sanction.
{¶ 10} Likewise, R.C. 2941.51(D) provides that the cost of appointed counsel
must be paid by the county as approved by the court. The court can order the defendant
to pay all or a part of the cost of appointed counsel but only if the court determines that
the offender “has, or reasonably may be expected to have, the means to meet some part of
the costs of the services rendered.” Id.
{¶ 11} Because of our limited review under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b), we review
only whether there was evidence in the record that the court considered the defendant’s
ability to pay the cost of confinement and appointed counsel. State v. Beach, 2015-Ohio-
3445, 41 N.E.3d 187, ¶ 54 (9th Dist.); State v.
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[Cite as State v. Farless, 2016-Ohio-1571.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals Nos. L-15-1060 L-15-1061 Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201402772 v. CR0201402689
Brett Farless DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: April 15, 2016
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jennifer M. Lambdin, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Lawrence A. Golf, for appellant.
***** PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Brett Farless, appeals from two February 4, 2015 judgments of
the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas in case Nos. CR0201402689 and
CR0201402772. In both judgments, appellant was convicted and sentenced following the
entry of a guilty plea to two counts of burglary. Appellant was sentenced to 16 years of imprisonment, 4 years on each count to be served consecutively in an Ohio Department
of Rehabilitation and Corrections facility. On appeal, he asserts the following
assignments of error:
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR: THE TRIAL COURT
COMMITTED ERROR TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT BY
IMPOSING COURT COSTS AND FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF APPELLANT’S PRESENT OR
FUTURE ABILITY TO PAY.
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR: APPELLANT RECEIVED
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN VIOLATION OF HIS
RIGHTS UNDER THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS
TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, §10 OF
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
{¶ 2} Appellant’s two assignments of error will be addressed together so that each
cost or financial sanction may be addressed separately. In his first assignment of error,
appellant argues the trial court erred as a matter of law by imposing court costs and
financial sanctions without first determining that he had the ability to pay based on a
meaningful inquiry or consideration of the fact that he had been sentenced to 16 years of
imprisonment.
{¶ 3} At the sentencing hearing and in its sentencing judgments, the court found
appellant “ha[d], or reasonably could be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of
2. the applicable costs of supervision, confinement, assigned counsel, and prosecution”
pursuant to R.C. 9.92(C), 2929.18, and 2951.021, and restitution to the victims in the
amounts of $180, $3,500, and $260.
{¶ 4} Our standard of review on this issue is whether the imposition of costs and
financial sanctions was contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(A)(4) and (G)(2)(b). State v.
Collins, 2015-Ohio-3710, 41 N.E.3d 899, ¶ 31 (12th Dist.).
{¶ 5} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues his counsel rendered
ineffective assistance by failing to object to the imposition of costs and financial
sanctions. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of appointed counsel, the
defendant must show that his counsel’s representation “fell below an objective standard
of reasonableness,” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80
L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and “prejudice arises from counsel’s performance.” State v.
Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraph two of the syllabus.
Generally, when the action of counsel amounts to a trial tactic, it cannot later be used in a
challenge that the trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland at
689; State v. Elmore, 111 Ohio St.3d 515, 2006-Ohio-6207, 857 N.E.2d 547, ¶ 116.
Some of the costs imposed by the court are mandatory and must be imposed
regardless of whether the defendant has the ability to pay the cost. R.C. 9.92(C) requires
the court to impose a cost for the citizens reward program without consideration of
whether the defendant had the ability to pay the cost. State v. Maloy, 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-10-1350, 2011-Ohio-6919, ¶ 12. Therefore, the trial court did not err by imposing this
3. cost and appellant’s counsel did not have this cost remitted to him pursuant to the statute.
Appellant has not shown a reasonable probability the court would have remitted the cost
to him.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(a) provides that the trial court shall include in every
sentencing judgment the costs of prosecution without consideration of whether the
defendant has the ability to pay such costs. State v. Rohda, 6th Dist. No. F-06-007, 2006-
Ohio-6291, ¶ 13. Therefore, we find the trial court did not err by imposing the costs of
prosecution.
{¶ 7} If the offender files a motion for waiver of payment of the court costs, the
trial court has the discretion to waive payment of court costs. R.C. 2942.092; State v.
Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, ¶ 11. Appellant did not file
a motion for a waiver. However, R.C. 2947.23(C) provides that the trial court retains
jurisdiction to address the waiver, suspension, or modification of the payment of the court
costs. Therefore, the defendant does not need to move at the time of sentencing for
waiver of the payment of costs. State v. Farnese, 4th Dist. Washington No. 15CA11,
2015-Ohio-3533, ¶ 12-16. The decision of whether to seek a waiver at the time of
sentencing or a later date is a matter of strategy and cannot be reviewed on appeal. State
v. Pultz, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-14-083, 2016-Ohio-329.
{¶ 8} R.C. 2921.18(A)(1) permits the trial court to order restitution as a financial
sanction based on evidence in the record of the actual economic loss suffered by the
victim that was directly and proximately caused by the offense. State v. Welden, 12th
4. Dist. Warren No. CA2011-01-005, 2011-Ohio-4345, ¶ 19-21. However, in this case,
appellant agreed in the plea agreement to make full restitution to both victims in the
amount to be determined by the trial court. At the time of the sentencing hearing, the
parties stipulated to the restitution amount. We find, therefore, the trial court did not err
by imposing this financial sanction pursuant to the plea agreement. R.C. 2953.08(D)(1);
State v. Burns, 2012-Ohio-4191, 976 N.E.2d 969, ¶ 20 (6th Dist.); State v. Dahms, 6th
Dist. Sandusky No. S-11-028, 2012-Ohio-3181, ¶ 17. Again, we find there was no basis
on which appellant’s counsel could have objected.
{¶ 9} R.C. 2929.18(A)(5)(a)(ii) requires that the trial court impose against all
convicted defendants a financial sanction for the costs of confinement in a state
institution to the extent he is able to pay. R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) also requires the trial court
to consider the defendant’s present and future ability to pay any financial sanction.
{¶ 10} Likewise, R.C. 2941.51(D) provides that the cost of appointed counsel
must be paid by the county as approved by the court. The court can order the defendant
to pay all or a part of the cost of appointed counsel but only if the court determines that
the offender “has, or reasonably may be expected to have, the means to meet some part of
the costs of the services rendered.” Id.
{¶ 11} Because of our limited review under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b), we review
only whether there was evidence in the record that the court considered the defendant’s
ability to pay the cost of confinement and appointed counsel. State v. Beach, 2015-Ohio-
3445, 41 N.E.3d 187, ¶ 54 (9th Dist.); State v. Jackson, 2015-Ohio-2473, 38 N.E.3d 407,
5. ¶ 79 (9th Dist.); State v. Jones, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1193, 2015-Ohio-629, ¶ 40;
State v. Cooper, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1296, 2014-Ohio-1294, ¶ 29.
{¶ 12} Appellee argues that appellant will be able to work while serving his
sentence in prison and up to 25 percent of his income can be used to pay for the costs of
confinement and the payment of court-ordered restitution to the victims. R.C.
5145.16(C)(8)(a) and (b)(i). This would be a sufficient consideration except that there is
no indication in the record that this fact was even considered by the court.
{¶ 13} The trial court in this case stated that it had considered the issue and found
appellant “ha[d], or reasonably could be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of
the applicable costs.”
{¶ 14} Upon a review of the evidence, we find there was no evidence before the
court that appellant had any present ability to pay the cost of confinement or the cost of
appointed counsel. During the sentencing hearing the court noted that appellant had a
history, beginning in his teenage years, of alcohol abuse and drug abuse. Appellant
indicated a desire to participate in a drug treatment program but his insurance did not
cover the cost. He has a history of misdemeanor theft-related offenses of primarily
elderly people to finance his addictions. Until the time of his arrest, appellant had been
living off family support and part-time jobs for three years. He had been diagnosed with
mental health disorders but did not take the prescribed medicine because of the cost. At
the time of the current offenses, he was living with friends and at hotels. Appellant was
6. found indigent by the trial court and counsel was appointed to represent appellant during
the trial proceedings and on appeal.
{¶ 15} However, as to his future ability to earn income, there was evidence
appellant is a healthy 29-year-old man, although he had problems standing for long
periods of time due to having a clubfoot. Furthermore, appellant had been sentenced to
16 years of imprisonment and will return to society as a convicted felon. Appellant also
has been ordered to pay restitution to the victims and had other costs assessed at
sentencing that cannot or have not been waived.
{¶ 16} Although there was little evidence of appellant’s future earning ability, we
find that there was evidence in the record that the court had complied with the applicable
statutes and considered appellant’s future ability to pay the costs of confinement and
appointed counsel.
{¶ 17} While appellant argues that his counsel should have objected to the trial
court’s finding that appellant had a present or future ability to pay these costs, he has not
identified any additional information his counsel could have presented which might have
influenced the court’s determination. Therefore, we find appellant has failed to meet his
burden to show that his counsel’s inaction fell below a reasonable standard.
{¶ 18} Appellant’s first and second assignments of error are not well-taken.
7. {¶ 19} Having found that the trial court did not commit error prejudicial to
appellant, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay the court costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Stephen A. Yarbrough, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/?source=6.
8.