State v. Elie

899 So. 2d 689, 2004 La.App. 1 Cir. 1610, 2005 La. App. LEXIS 669, 2005 WL 676410
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedMarch 24, 2005
DocketNo. 2004 KA 1610
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 899 So. 2d 689 (State v. Elie) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Elie, 899 So. 2d 689, 2004 La.App. 1 Cir. 1610, 2005 La. App. LEXIS 669, 2005 WL 676410 (La. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinions

I «DOWNING, J.

The defendant, Melvin Jerome Elie, was indicted by a grand jury on the charge of second degree murder in violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1. Defendant pled not guilty and the matter proceeded to trial by jury. A jury adjudged the defendant guilty of the responsive verdict of manslaughter, a violation of La. R.S. 14:31. The defendant moved for a new trial and for post judgment verdict of acquittal, but his motions were denied. Defendant’s Motion to Reconsider Sentence was also denied. The defendant was sentenced to serve twenty years at hard labor.

[692]*692The defendant timely appealed his conviction and sentence asserting three assignments of error as follows:

1. The trial court erred when it did not grant the defendant’s Batson challenge at the conclusion of the voir dire.
2. The trial court erred when it denied the defendant’s motion for mistrial when a witness testified in court that the defendant was locked up.
3. The trial court erred when it denied the defendant’s motion for mistrial when the prosecutor did not properly turn over evidence of prior convictions of the defendant.

Defendant’s conviction is reversed, his sentence is vacated and this matter is remanded to the trial court for a new trial.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On December 8, 2002, Quinton Joseph was shot and killed as he allegedly sat in the back seat of a vehicle being operated by George Smith. Tyrone Butler and Daniel Badon were in the vehicle at the time of the shooting. On the previous night, Mr. Joseph and the defendant were both present at 2042 Sober Street in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, near the location of the shooting. The defendant was engaged in a game of dominos when Mr. Joseph arrived. Mr. Joseph allegedly verbally threatened the defendant and a physical altercation occurred between the two men. Mr. Joseph left the residence allegedly stating, “It ain’t over.”

\,LAW AND ARGUMENT

Batson Challenge

In his first assignment of error, the defendant argues that the trial court erred when it did not grant his Batson challenge at the conclusion of the voir dire. The defendant asserts that the state clearly failed to provide adequate race-neutral reasons for its peremptory challenges, which were specifically directed to exclude a class of people based on their race.

In Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), the Supreme Court adopted the following three-step analysis to determine whether or not the constitutional rights of a defendant or prospective jurors had been infringed by impermissible discriminatory practices. First, the defendant must make a prima facie showing that the prosecutor has exercised peremptory challenges on the basis of race. Second, if the requisite showing has been made, the burden shifts to the prosecutor to articulate a race-neutral explanation for striking the jurors in question. Finally, the trial court must determine whether the defendant has carried his burden of proving purposeful discrimination. State v. Burns, 98-0602, p. 19 (La.App. 1st Cir.2/19/99), 734 So.2d 693, 704, writ denied, 99-0829 (La.9/24/99), 747 So.2d 1114.

The second step in this process does not demand an explanation that is persuasive, or even plausible. Because a trial judge’s findings pertaining to purposeful discrimination turn largely on credibility evaluations, such findings ordinarily should be entitled to great deference by a reviewing court. Reasons offered to explain the exercise of peremptory challenges should be deemed race-neutral unless a discriminatory intent was inherent in those reasons. Bums, 98-0602 at pp. 19-20, 734 So.2d at 704.

For a Batson challenge to succeed, it is not enough that a racially discriminatory result be evidenced; rather, that result must ultimately be traced to a Rracially discriminatory purpose. Thus, the sole focus of the Batson inquiry is [693]*693upon the intent of the prosecutor at the time he exercised his peremptory strikes. State v. Green, 94-0887, pp. 23-24 (La.5/22/95), 655 So.2d 272, 287.

In the instant case, the parties had to select from three jury panels consisting of forty-two potential jurors. Of the forty-two jurors, twelve were African-American. Of the twelve, the prosecution used peremptory challenges to strike eight and challenged one for cause. The defense struck one African-American. Ultimately, the jury was made up of eleven whites, one black and two alternates, one of which was black. At the close of voir dire, defense counsel raised a Batson challenge and objected to the prosecutor’s use of peremptory challenges to strike potential jurors based solely upon the fact that they were African-Americans.

The trial court found that the defendant met the first prong of Batson and asked the state to provide race-neutral explanations for five of the African-American jurors that the state challenged. At this point, the prosecutor indicated his intent to take writs because he wanted to raise a Batson challenge based on the defense’s striking of white jurors. The trial court stated that it would allow the writs, but the prosecutor decided to wait until after the voir dire challenge. When the prosecutor was unable to give explanations for striking three of the five African-American jurors, the trial court decided to hold the matter over until the next morning. Once again, the prosecutor stated his intent to raise a Batson challenge based on the defense’s striking of white jurors. In response, counsel for defendant provided race-neutral explanations for each white juror that he struck.

The following colloquy took place as a result of the Batson challenge:

THE COURT:

Well, just let me say this: I am concerned the state has challenged eight African-Americans, black jurors. I’m not saying that that’s a valid Bat-son challenge, but I do believe it at least gets us — as you say, Mr. Tray-lor, bottom numbers, it gets us to (sic) past the threshold. So I am going to the next stage. I Uwould like for you to explain your race-neutral reasons for challenging the jurors. And I will assist you in that regard because there are several to me that were obvious. One of which is Ms. Kathleen Cage, Ms. Linda Tyler, and Mr. Germaine Jacobs. So I will accept the race-neutral reasons for the three of them. I will ask you to give me a race-neutral reason for Dimitria Johnson, Ylanda Jordan[,] Tremayne King, Marilyn Sterling, and Gloria Zeno.
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PROSECUTOR (MR. TRAYLOR):
Tremayne King, he had a hard time with the issue of not showing a gun. He used the example of what if it was a car, could you find — I admit, judge, that was a good job of rehabilitation. But obviously a gun is different from a car. He equivocated. I just didn’t get a good feel for him, judge. He didn’t seem very interested in being here. He was happy when he got off.
With respect to Ms. Gloria Zeno, she had a bunch of family members who have been arrested, having dealt with the criminal justice system.

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Bluebook (online)
899 So. 2d 689, 2004 La.App. 1 Cir. 1610, 2005 La. App. LEXIS 669, 2005 WL 676410, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-elie-lactapp-2005.