[Cite as State v. Eischen, 2021-Ohio-23.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-18-1263
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201602267
v.
Gary Allen Eischen DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: January 8, 2021
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Alyssa Breyman, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Henry Schaefer, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Gary Allen Eischen, appeals from the November 29, 2018
judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, which revoked his community
control sanction and sentenced him to a 14-month prison term, to be served consecutive
to a judicial sanction of 1146 days imposed for violation of his postrelease control
sanction imposed in a prior action. {¶ 2} In 2015, appellant was convicted of gross sexual imposition, a felony of the
fourth degree, and was sentenced to 17 months in prison. He was classified as a Tier I
sex offender. The conviction also carried a mandatory five-year term of postrelease
control. Appellant completed his sentence in approximately February 2016, and was
placed on postrelease control.
{¶ 3} On July 11, 2016, appellant was convicted of a lesser included offense of
attempted failure to notify, R.C. 2923.02, 2950.05(A) and (F)(2), and 2950.99(A)(1)(a), a
felony of the fourth degree, because he failed to verify his current address with the Lucas
County Sheriff’s Office as required by his Tier I sex offender classification. The court
informed appellant at the plea hearing that his plea could constitute a violation of
appellant’s postrelease control sanction and the court could impose a sentence based on
the remaining time. However, when appellant was sentenced, the court imposed a four-
year community control sanction for the attempted failure to notify offense and did not
impose a sentence for the violation of postrelease control. The court further notified
appellant that if he violated the terms of his community control sanction, the court could
sentence him to 14 months in prison.
{¶ 4} On January 9, 2018, appellant admitted to a community control violation,
failing to report to his parole officer, without a hearing. Appellant failed to appear for
sentencing but was subsequently arrested and sentenced on November 29, 2018, to
14 months in prison pursuant to R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(f) on the community control
violation. Furthermore, the court found appellant’s failure to report was also a violation
2. of his postrelease control conditions. Therefore, the trial court imposed an additional
prison term of 1146 days, to be served consecutive to the 14-month sentence.
{¶ 5} Appellant appeals and asserts a single assignment of error:
Appellant’s sentence is contrary to law.
{¶ 6} Appellant first argues the imposition of a 14-month sentence for violation of
his community control sanction. He asserts the violation was a technical violation, not a
new felony offense, and R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(ii) applies. He asserts that the trial court
never made a determination of whether the failure to notify conviction was a technical or
non-technical violation. Therefore, he argues, the trial court was limited to imposing
only a term of 180 days. Appellant acknowledges that he never challenged the sentence
in the trial court, but asserts it constitutes plain error on appeal.
{¶ 7} Plain errors will be considered on appeal only if: 1) there was actual error,
2) the error is obvious from the record, and 3) the error affected substantial rights, which
requires we find beyond a reasonable doubt that but for the error, the outcome of the trial
would have been otherwise. State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502, 2007-Ohio-4642, 873
N.E.2d 306, ¶ 16.
{¶ 8} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c), if an offender violates the terms of his
community control sanction imposed for a fourth-degree felony conviction, the
sentencing court may impose a penalty, including a prison term pursuant to R.C. 2929.14,
subject to the limitation:
3. (ii) If the prison term is imposed for any technical violation of the
conditions of a community control sanction imposed for a felony of the
fourth degree that is not an offense of violence and is not a sexually
oriented offense or for any violation of law committed while under a
community control sanction imposed for such a felony that consists of a
new criminal offense and that is not a felony, the prison term shall not
exceed one hundred eighty days.
{¶ 9} At issue in this case is whether the failure of the trial court to determine if
there was a technical violation restricts the court’s ability to impose a prison term of more
than 180 days.
{¶ 10} The term “technical violation” is not defined in R.C. 2929.15. The Ohio
Supreme Court rejected the narrow view that the community control violation is a
“technical violation” unless it constitutes a new felony offense. State v. Nelson, Slip
Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3690, ¶ 18. Furthermore, the Ohio Supreme Court has held that
the determination of whether or not the violation of a specific community control
condition is a technical violation must be left to the discretion of the trial court, which is
in a better position to determine if the nature of the condition imposed in each particular
case is a rehabilitative requirement or a general administrative requirement. State v.
Castner, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-4950.
{¶ 11} Furthermore, in State v. Calhoun, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-17-067, 2019-
Ohio-228, ¶ 27-30, we found that “a willful violation of the conditions of a probation
4. sanction was not a technical violation.” Id. at ¶ 32, citing State v. Puhl, 6th Dist. Wood
No. WD-96-059, 1997 WL 224972, *1-2, *5-6 (May 2, 1997). We also recognized that
where the trial court did not make a determination of whether or not the community
control violation was a technical violation, and the offender did not object, we would not
find plain error occurred when the record lacks substantial evidence of a “technical
violation.” Id. at ¶ 33.
{¶ 12} Applying the rationale of the Calhoun case, we find plain error has not
been established in this case regarding the imposition of a penalty for the violation of a
community control condition by willfully failing to report to a probation officer.
Appellant was initially convicted in 2016 of the reduced charge of attempted failure to
report his address to the sheriff as a Tier I sex offender. The court imposed a community
control sanction. Shortly after appellant was released from the correction facility in
2017, where he had been serving 60 days for another conviction, appellant failed to
contact his parole officer and his whereabouts were unknown. A warrant was issued and
on January 9, 2018, appellant appeared to admit to the community control violation of
failing to report to his parole officer without a hearing. Subsequently, he did not appear
for sentencing on the community control violation, despite having been allowed a
continuance with the warning that during the interim he had better make progress on his
compliance with the community control conditions. The court issued a warrant for
appellant’s arrest and he was apprehended approximately seven months later. He later
5.
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[Cite as State v. Eischen, 2021-Ohio-23.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-18-1263
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201602267
v.
Gary Allen Eischen DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: January 8, 2021
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Alyssa Breyman, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Henry Schaefer, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Gary Allen Eischen, appeals from the November 29, 2018
judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, which revoked his community
control sanction and sentenced him to a 14-month prison term, to be served consecutive
to a judicial sanction of 1146 days imposed for violation of his postrelease control
sanction imposed in a prior action. {¶ 2} In 2015, appellant was convicted of gross sexual imposition, a felony of the
fourth degree, and was sentenced to 17 months in prison. He was classified as a Tier I
sex offender. The conviction also carried a mandatory five-year term of postrelease
control. Appellant completed his sentence in approximately February 2016, and was
placed on postrelease control.
{¶ 3} On July 11, 2016, appellant was convicted of a lesser included offense of
attempted failure to notify, R.C. 2923.02, 2950.05(A) and (F)(2), and 2950.99(A)(1)(a), a
felony of the fourth degree, because he failed to verify his current address with the Lucas
County Sheriff’s Office as required by his Tier I sex offender classification. The court
informed appellant at the plea hearing that his plea could constitute a violation of
appellant’s postrelease control sanction and the court could impose a sentence based on
the remaining time. However, when appellant was sentenced, the court imposed a four-
year community control sanction for the attempted failure to notify offense and did not
impose a sentence for the violation of postrelease control. The court further notified
appellant that if he violated the terms of his community control sanction, the court could
sentence him to 14 months in prison.
{¶ 4} On January 9, 2018, appellant admitted to a community control violation,
failing to report to his parole officer, without a hearing. Appellant failed to appear for
sentencing but was subsequently arrested and sentenced on November 29, 2018, to
14 months in prison pursuant to R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(f) on the community control
violation. Furthermore, the court found appellant’s failure to report was also a violation
2. of his postrelease control conditions. Therefore, the trial court imposed an additional
prison term of 1146 days, to be served consecutive to the 14-month sentence.
{¶ 5} Appellant appeals and asserts a single assignment of error:
Appellant’s sentence is contrary to law.
{¶ 6} Appellant first argues the imposition of a 14-month sentence for violation of
his community control sanction. He asserts the violation was a technical violation, not a
new felony offense, and R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(ii) applies. He asserts that the trial court
never made a determination of whether the failure to notify conviction was a technical or
non-technical violation. Therefore, he argues, the trial court was limited to imposing
only a term of 180 days. Appellant acknowledges that he never challenged the sentence
in the trial court, but asserts it constitutes plain error on appeal.
{¶ 7} Plain errors will be considered on appeal only if: 1) there was actual error,
2) the error is obvious from the record, and 3) the error affected substantial rights, which
requires we find beyond a reasonable doubt that but for the error, the outcome of the trial
would have been otherwise. State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502, 2007-Ohio-4642, 873
N.E.2d 306, ¶ 16.
{¶ 8} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c), if an offender violates the terms of his
community control sanction imposed for a fourth-degree felony conviction, the
sentencing court may impose a penalty, including a prison term pursuant to R.C. 2929.14,
subject to the limitation:
3. (ii) If the prison term is imposed for any technical violation of the
conditions of a community control sanction imposed for a felony of the
fourth degree that is not an offense of violence and is not a sexually
oriented offense or for any violation of law committed while under a
community control sanction imposed for such a felony that consists of a
new criminal offense and that is not a felony, the prison term shall not
exceed one hundred eighty days.
{¶ 9} At issue in this case is whether the failure of the trial court to determine if
there was a technical violation restricts the court’s ability to impose a prison term of more
than 180 days.
{¶ 10} The term “technical violation” is not defined in R.C. 2929.15. The Ohio
Supreme Court rejected the narrow view that the community control violation is a
“technical violation” unless it constitutes a new felony offense. State v. Nelson, Slip
Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3690, ¶ 18. Furthermore, the Ohio Supreme Court has held that
the determination of whether or not the violation of a specific community control
condition is a technical violation must be left to the discretion of the trial court, which is
in a better position to determine if the nature of the condition imposed in each particular
case is a rehabilitative requirement or a general administrative requirement. State v.
Castner, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-4950.
{¶ 11} Furthermore, in State v. Calhoun, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-17-067, 2019-
Ohio-228, ¶ 27-30, we found that “a willful violation of the conditions of a probation
4. sanction was not a technical violation.” Id. at ¶ 32, citing State v. Puhl, 6th Dist. Wood
No. WD-96-059, 1997 WL 224972, *1-2, *5-6 (May 2, 1997). We also recognized that
where the trial court did not make a determination of whether or not the community
control violation was a technical violation, and the offender did not object, we would not
find plain error occurred when the record lacks substantial evidence of a “technical
violation.” Id. at ¶ 33.
{¶ 12} Applying the rationale of the Calhoun case, we find plain error has not
been established in this case regarding the imposition of a penalty for the violation of a
community control condition by willfully failing to report to a probation officer.
Appellant was initially convicted in 2016 of the reduced charge of attempted failure to
report his address to the sheriff as a Tier I sex offender. The court imposed a community
control sanction. Shortly after appellant was released from the correction facility in
2017, where he had been serving 60 days for another conviction, appellant failed to
contact his parole officer and his whereabouts were unknown. A warrant was issued and
on January 9, 2018, appellant appeared to admit to the community control violation of
failing to report to his parole officer without a hearing. Subsequently, he did not appear
for sentencing on the community control violation, despite having been allowed a
continuance with the warning that during the interim he had better make progress on his
compliance with the community control conditions. The court issued a warrant for
appellant’s arrest and he was apprehended approximately seven months later. He later
5. admitted he had failed to appear because he was afraid the court would impose a sentence
for violation of his postrelease control.
{¶ 13} Viewing the record as a whole, it is clear appellant’s failure to register his
address as a Tier I sex offender, failure to comply with his community control sanction to
report to his probation officer, failure to appear for sentencing on the community control
violation, and failure to comply with any of the community control conditions for another
seven months until his apprehension represented a pattern of willful violation of court
orders to avoid the requirements imposed upon him by the court. This was not a case
where the offender merely missed a single meeting with his probation officer. Therefore,
we find insufficient evidence to warrant a finding of plain error.
{¶ 14} Appellant also argues that the trial court committed error when it imposed a
prison term for the violation of a condition of postrelease control. He contends the trial
court could have terminated his postrelease control sanction in 2016 when he committed
a second felony offense, attempted failure to notify. However, the court did not do so
and lacked authority to terminate his postrelease control sanction for the violation of a
community control sanction imposed as a sentence for the 2016 felony offense.
{¶ 15} R.C. 2929.141 provides that when an offender who is convicted of or
pleads guilty to the commission of a felony while on postrelease control, the court may
terminate the term of postrelease control, and impose, in addition to a prison term for the
new felony, a prison term for the postrelease control violation and the two sentences must
be ordered to be served consecutively. R.C. 2929.141(A)(1). Alternatively, the court can
6. impose a new sanction for the postrelease control violation under R.C. 2929.15 to
2929.18 “that shall be served concurrently or consecutively, as specified by the court,
with any community control sanctions for the new felony.” R.C. 2929.141(A)(2).
{¶ 16} R.C. 2929.141 does not authorize a trial court to terminate a postrelease
control sanction upon the violation of a community control sanction. State v. Prince, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103265, 2016-Ohio-2724, ¶ 12-13. The plain language of R.C.
2929.141(A) requires that the offender on postrelease control have committed another
felony. The violation of the community control sanction in this case did not involve a
felony offense.
{¶ 17} Therefore, we find appellant’s sole assignment of error well-taken.
{¶ 18} Having found that the trial court did commit error prejudicial to appellant
and that substantial justice has not been done, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of
Common Pleas is reversed because the trial court could not terminate appellant’s
postrelease control. The sentence of 1146 days imposed for violation of his postrelease
control is vacated. This case is remanded to the trial court for resentencing because the
trial court cannot terminate a postrelease control sanction for the violation of a
community control sanction. Appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant
to App.R. 24.
Judgment reversed and remanded.
7. State v. Eischen C.A. No. L-18-1263
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Gene A. Zmuda, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.