State v. Easton

126 P.3d 1256, 204 Or. App. 1, 2006 Ore. App. LEXIS 53
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedJanuary 25, 2006
DocketC973377CR; A118180
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 126 P.3d 1256 (State v. Easton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Easton, 126 P.3d 1256, 204 Or. App. 1, 2006 Ore. App. LEXIS 53 (Or. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

*3 BREWER, C. J.

In two separate cases, defendant pleaded no contest to charges of attempted first-degree sexual abuse and first-degree rape. He received a 60-month sentence for the rape conviction and a 14-month sentence for the attempted sexual abuse conviction. Defendant stipulated, and the trial court ordered at the sentencing proceeding, that the sentences were to be served consecutively. However, the written judgments did not so specify. Pursuant to ORS 138.083, the court later entered an amended judgment in the first case to correct the error and make the 14-month sentence in that case consecutive to the 60-month sentence in the second case. Defendant appeals from the amended judgment, arguing that ORS 138.083 did not authorize the type of sentence modification made in this case and that, because the 14-month sentence had been executed, the court lacked jurisdiction to amend the judgment.

ORS 138.222(2)(d) precludes appellate courts from reviewing a sentence that results from a stipulated sentencing agreement. Defendant, however, is asking us to decide whether the trial court had jurisdiction to modify his sentence. A stipulation cannot extend to matters of jurisdiction, State v. Miner, 218 Or 502, 504, 342 P2d 773 (1959), and thus nothing in ORS 138.222(2)(d) precludes us from considering defendant’s jurisdictional challenge. Accordingly, if the amended judgment is appealable, defendant’s challenge to it is reviewable. See State v. Young, 188 Or App 247, 251, 71 P3d 119, rev den, 336 Or 125 (2003).

We turn to the question of appealability. ORS 138.050(1) provides, in part, that a defendant who has pleaded guilty or no contest may take an appeal if he or she makes a showing that the disposition “[e]xceeds the maximum allowable by law” or is “unconstitutionally cruel and unusual.” Defendant asserts that the sentence at issue here exceeds the maximum allowable by law. This court’s decisions establish that “a disposition exceeds the maximum allowed by law if it is not imposed consistently with statutory requirements.” State v. Stubbs, 193 Or App 595, 606, 91 P3d 774 (2004) (quoting State v. Sumerlin, 139 Or App 579, 582, *4 913 P2d 340 (1996) (emphasis and internal quotation marks omitted)). Based on that understanding, we held in Stubbs that the defendant could appeal under circumstances substantially similar to those present here. In Stubbs, the sentencing court intended to impose consecutive sentences totaling 40 months, but the original judgment incorrectly gave a total incarceration term of 38 months. 193 Or App at 597. As in the present case, the judgment was corrected pursuant to ORS 138.083, and the defendant sought to challenge it on the ground that the sentence had been executed. Id. at 597-98. We held:

“The gravamen of defendant’s argument on appeal is that the amended sentence imposed in this case was not imposed consistently with statutory requirements, because the trial court lacked authority to modify a sentence that had already been ‘executed,’ in light of ORS 137.010(6) (certain sentencing options remain open only ‘until the person is delivered to the custody of the Department of Corrections’). At this point, we express no opinion as to whether defendant is correct in asserting that his amended sentence was imposed in a manner inconsistent with that statute; the only issue before us is whether defendant’s argument is one that is cognizable as pertaining to a ‘disposition’ that ‘[e]xceeds the maximum allowable by law.’ ORS 138.050(l)(a). We conclude that it is.”

Id. at 607 (emphasis in original). That holding also is consistent with our decisions in State v. Rojas-Montalvo, 153 Or App 222, 957 P2d 163, rev den, 327 Or 192 (1998) (ORS 138.050 did not bar challenge to consecutive sentences), and Sumerlin, 139 Or App at 584-89 (asserted errors pertaining to merger of sentences, as well as consecutive sentences, are appealable under ORS 138.050 after plea of guilty). Because the present case is materially indistinguishable from Stubbs, we conclude that the judgment is appealable. 1

*5 We turn to the merits of defendant’s arguments. ORS 138.083(1) provides, in part:

“The sentencing court shall retain authority irrespective of any notice of appeal after entry of judgment of conviction to modify its judgment and sentence to correct any arithmetic or clerical errors or to delete or modify any erroneous term in the judgment.”

Again, defendant asserts in part that ORS 138.083(1) did not authorize the trial court’s action here because the error that the amended judgment corrected was not clerical. Instead, defendant argues, the error was substantive, constituted the exercise of a judicial function, and was no mere scrivener’s mistake. Whether an error is considered “substantive” or concerns a “judicial function” is beside the point, however. That is because ORS 138.083 permits a court to correct “any erroneous term in the judgment.” (Emphasis added.) Defendant’s first asserted basis for reversal is unavailing.

Defendant next contends that the trial court was precluded from modifying his sentence because the sentence had been “executed,” that is, he had been delivered to the Department of Corrections and commenced serving his sentences. At this point, it is helpful to trace back to its source the proposition that a court may not modify a sentence that has been “executed.” That proposition was discussed at length in State ex rel O’Leary v. Jacobs, 295 Or 632, 669 P2d 1128 (1983), which concerned a court’s sentencing authority *6 under ORS 137.010

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
126 P.3d 1256, 204 Or. App. 1, 2006 Ore. App. LEXIS 53, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-easton-orctapp-2006.