[Cite as State v. Dzelajlija, 2013-Ohio-4589.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95851
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
JAMES DZELAJLIJA DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; REMANDED FOR RESENTECING
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-478630
BEFORE: Kilbane, J., Boyle, P.J., and Rocco, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 17, 2013 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender Cullen Sweeney John T. Martin Assistant Public Defenders 310 Lakeside Avenue - Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor T. Allan Regas Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center - 8th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
{¶1} This cause is before this court on remand from the Ohio Supreme Court in
State v. Dzelajlija, Slip Opinion No. 2012-0651, 2013-Ohio-3724, for further review of
our decision released March 8, 2012,1 on reconsideration. The Ohio Supreme Court,
having reversed our judgment in this case, has remanded it to us with instructions to
determine whether James Dzelajlija’s convictions for two counts of robbery are against
the manifest weight of the evidence. For the reasons set forth below, we conclude that
the convictions are not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, we
affirm Dzelajlija’s convictions and remand to the trial court for resentencing.
{¶2} These protracted proceedings stem from the September 30, 2005 robbery of
a furniture store employee who was making a night deposit. On March 23, 2006,
defendant, the boyfriend of a store employee, was indicted on two counts of robbery and
receiving stolen property. A jury trial began on August 31, 2006, and the defendant was
convicted of the robbery charges. He was sentenced to concurrent seven-year terms of
imprisonment, plus five years of postrelease control. On appeal, this court determined
that the trial court admitted inadmissible and prejudicial opinion evidence as to a
witness’s truthfulness and the case was reversed and remanded for a new trial. State v.
Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88805, 2007-Ohio-4050 (“Dzelajlija I”).
{¶3} A retrial began on February 12, 2008. The defendant was convicted of
both robbery charges. He was again sentenced to a seven-year term of imprisonment and a concurrent five-year term of imprisonment, plus three years of postrelease control, to be
served consecutively to an unrelated conviction in Case No. CR-475938. On appeal, the
defendant asserted that the indictments were defective under State v. Colon, 118 Ohio
St.3d 26, 2008-Ohio-1624, 885 N.E.2d 917 (“Colon I”) and State v. Colon, 119 Ohio
St.3d 204, 2008-Ohio-3749, 893 N.E.2d 169 (“Colon II”), and that his convictions were
against the manifest weight of the evidence. This court concluded that the indictments
were defective under Colon I and Colon II for failing to charge the defendant with the
requisite mens rea of recklessness. Therefore, this court again reversed defendant’s
convictions and remanded the matter for a new trial. In light of that conclusion, this
court held that the defendant’s challenge to the weight of the evidence supporting his
convictions was moot. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91115,
2009-Ohio-1072 (“Dzelajlija II”).
{¶4} On May 20, 2009, the matter was returned to the docket of the trial judge.
On August 27, 2010, however, the Ohio Supreme Court overruled Colon I and Colon II,
and held that where an indictment charges an offense by tracking the language of the
criminal statute, it is not defective for failure to identify a culpable mental state when the
statute itself fails to specify a mental state. State v. Horner, 126 Ohio St.3d 466,
2010-Ohio-3830, 935 N.E.2d 26.
{¶5} On September 14, 2010, the trial court held a hearing in this matter to
determine the effect of the Horner decision. The trial court concluded that the Horner
1State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95851, 2013-Ohio-913. decision constituted extraordinary circumstances that justified the reimposition of the
sentence that had been imposed on February 21, 2008, without holding another trial. On
appeal, this court concluded that under Horner, the trial court properly concluded that the
robbery charges herein are not defective, but that the sentence could not be reimposed in
light of the earlier challenge to the manifest weight of the evidence that had earlier been
declared moot and had never been resolved. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
95851, 2011-Ohio-6445 (“Dzelajlija III”).
{¶6} On March 8, 2012, this court granted the state’s motion for reconsideration
and ruled that, even though Horner had overruled the Colon cases, the structural error
analysis from Colon was still applicable to this case. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 95851, 2012-Ohio-913 (“Dzelajlija IV”).
{¶7} On discretionary appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court, the matter was
reversed and remanded to this court stating:
Dzelajlija’s convictions were vacated in Dzelajlija II based on two cases from this court that we have repudiated. On remand, the trial court resentenced Dzelajlija. The sentence was improper because Dzelajlija’s manifest-weight argument had not yet been resolved. Accordingly, we remand this case to the court of appeals with instructions to consider this outstanding issue.
{¶8} In determining whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, the appellate court sits as a “thirteenth juror” and disagrees with the factfinder’s
resolution of the conflicting testimony. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 54, citing Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982). The reviewing court must examine the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and
determine whether the jury “‘clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage
of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.’ ” Thompkins,
quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).
{¶9} The appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of the jury,
and reversal on manifest weight grounds is reserved for “the exceptional case in which
the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.” Thompkins, quoting Martin.
{¶10} In this matter, William Bond (“Bond”), assistant manager of Elgin’s
Furniture Store, testified that shortly after 9:00 p.m., on September 30, 2005, he drove to
National City Bank, directly across the street from the furniture store, to make the night
deposit of $1,570.10 in cash, and $1,874.12 in checks. As Bond parked next to the night
deposit box and got out of his car, an assailant in a black and white ski cap approached
from behind a nearby dumpster. The assailant repeatedly punched Bond in the face and
head, forcing him to the ground behind his car. Bond threw the bag of deposits toward
the assailant who then fled.
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[Cite as State v. Dzelajlija, 2013-Ohio-4589.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95851
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
JAMES DZELAJLIJA DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; REMANDED FOR RESENTECING
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-478630
BEFORE: Kilbane, J., Boyle, P.J., and Rocco, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 17, 2013 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender Cullen Sweeney John T. Martin Assistant Public Defenders 310 Lakeside Avenue - Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor T. Allan Regas Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center - 8th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
{¶1} This cause is before this court on remand from the Ohio Supreme Court in
State v. Dzelajlija, Slip Opinion No. 2012-0651, 2013-Ohio-3724, for further review of
our decision released March 8, 2012,1 on reconsideration. The Ohio Supreme Court,
having reversed our judgment in this case, has remanded it to us with instructions to
determine whether James Dzelajlija’s convictions for two counts of robbery are against
the manifest weight of the evidence. For the reasons set forth below, we conclude that
the convictions are not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, we
affirm Dzelajlija’s convictions and remand to the trial court for resentencing.
{¶2} These protracted proceedings stem from the September 30, 2005 robbery of
a furniture store employee who was making a night deposit. On March 23, 2006,
defendant, the boyfriend of a store employee, was indicted on two counts of robbery and
receiving stolen property. A jury trial began on August 31, 2006, and the defendant was
convicted of the robbery charges. He was sentenced to concurrent seven-year terms of
imprisonment, plus five years of postrelease control. On appeal, this court determined
that the trial court admitted inadmissible and prejudicial opinion evidence as to a
witness’s truthfulness and the case was reversed and remanded for a new trial. State v.
Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88805, 2007-Ohio-4050 (“Dzelajlija I”).
{¶3} A retrial began on February 12, 2008. The defendant was convicted of
both robbery charges. He was again sentenced to a seven-year term of imprisonment and a concurrent five-year term of imprisonment, plus three years of postrelease control, to be
served consecutively to an unrelated conviction in Case No. CR-475938. On appeal, the
defendant asserted that the indictments were defective under State v. Colon, 118 Ohio
St.3d 26, 2008-Ohio-1624, 885 N.E.2d 917 (“Colon I”) and State v. Colon, 119 Ohio
St.3d 204, 2008-Ohio-3749, 893 N.E.2d 169 (“Colon II”), and that his convictions were
against the manifest weight of the evidence. This court concluded that the indictments
were defective under Colon I and Colon II for failing to charge the defendant with the
requisite mens rea of recklessness. Therefore, this court again reversed defendant’s
convictions and remanded the matter for a new trial. In light of that conclusion, this
court held that the defendant’s challenge to the weight of the evidence supporting his
convictions was moot. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91115,
2009-Ohio-1072 (“Dzelajlija II”).
{¶4} On May 20, 2009, the matter was returned to the docket of the trial judge.
On August 27, 2010, however, the Ohio Supreme Court overruled Colon I and Colon II,
and held that where an indictment charges an offense by tracking the language of the
criminal statute, it is not defective for failure to identify a culpable mental state when the
statute itself fails to specify a mental state. State v. Horner, 126 Ohio St.3d 466,
2010-Ohio-3830, 935 N.E.2d 26.
{¶5} On September 14, 2010, the trial court held a hearing in this matter to
determine the effect of the Horner decision. The trial court concluded that the Horner
1State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95851, 2013-Ohio-913. decision constituted extraordinary circumstances that justified the reimposition of the
sentence that had been imposed on February 21, 2008, without holding another trial. On
appeal, this court concluded that under Horner, the trial court properly concluded that the
robbery charges herein are not defective, but that the sentence could not be reimposed in
light of the earlier challenge to the manifest weight of the evidence that had earlier been
declared moot and had never been resolved. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
95851, 2011-Ohio-6445 (“Dzelajlija III”).
{¶6} On March 8, 2012, this court granted the state’s motion for reconsideration
and ruled that, even though Horner had overruled the Colon cases, the structural error
analysis from Colon was still applicable to this case. State v. Dzelajlija, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 95851, 2012-Ohio-913 (“Dzelajlija IV”).
{¶7} On discretionary appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court, the matter was
reversed and remanded to this court stating:
Dzelajlija’s convictions were vacated in Dzelajlija II based on two cases from this court that we have repudiated. On remand, the trial court resentenced Dzelajlija. The sentence was improper because Dzelajlija’s manifest-weight argument had not yet been resolved. Accordingly, we remand this case to the court of appeals with instructions to consider this outstanding issue.
{¶8} In determining whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, the appellate court sits as a “thirteenth juror” and disagrees with the factfinder’s
resolution of the conflicting testimony. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 54, citing Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982). The reviewing court must examine the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and
determine whether the jury “‘clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage
of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.’ ” Thompkins,
quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).
{¶9} The appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of the jury,
and reversal on manifest weight grounds is reserved for “the exceptional case in which
the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.” Thompkins, quoting Martin.
{¶10} In this matter, William Bond (“Bond”), assistant manager of Elgin’s
Furniture Store, testified that shortly after 9:00 p.m., on September 30, 2005, he drove to
National City Bank, directly across the street from the furniture store, to make the night
deposit of $1,570.10 in cash, and $1,874.12 in checks. As Bond parked next to the night
deposit box and got out of his car, an assailant in a black and white ski cap approached
from behind a nearby dumpster. The assailant repeatedly punched Bond in the face and
head, forcing him to the ground behind his car. Bond threw the bag of deposits toward
the assailant who then fled.
{¶11} Bond immediately drove to the North Randall Police Department and gave a
written statement regarding the robbery to Lieutenant Harry Rose (“Lieutenant Rose”).
Bond sustained a large bruise to his right eye and a cut underneath his eye. He was
treated by North Randall paramedics. Bond also testified that prior to the robbery, the defendant had been to the furniture store on two occasions to speak with cashier Jennifer
Martin (“Martin”).
{¶12} Martin testified that she had worked as a cashier at Elgin’s and was living
with the defendant at the time of the robbery. The defendant visited her at work a
couple of times per week as the store was closing for the evening. The defendant
subsequently asked Martin where the store deposits were taken, and she told him that they
were taken across the street to National City Bank. Shortly before the robbery, Martin
came home from work and complained to the defendant that Bond had not helped her.
The defendant then jokingly stated that he should rob Bond, and Martin replied that she
did not think that was a good idea.
{¶13} Martin further stated that on the day of the robbery, the defendant’s best
friend, Bobby Jones (“Jones”), arrived at the store shortly before closing time and said
something that caused her concern. When she arrived home later, the defendant and
Jones were getting out of Jones’s truck. Martin inquired about whether the defendant
had gone ahead with the robbery, and he stated that he did not because a police car was
parked nearby. A few minutes later, however, the defendant threw an envelope at her
that contained an Elgin’s bank deposit slip and $500 in cash. He reportedly told her that
he had given the assistant manager a “shiner,” and told her not to say anything. They
then used the cash to purchase two money orders to pay their rent.
{¶14} When Martin arrived at work the next week, she saw that Bond had two
black eyes. She did not report the matter to the police because she was in shock and fearful of losing her job. Several weeks later, however, the police questioned her.
Martin gave police a six-page statement regarding the robbery and information
concerning the defendant. Several weeks later, on December 5, 2005, Martin recorded a
phone message that the defendant left on her cell phone. In this call, the defendant
informed her that he was the man who had robbed the store manager, and that he had
spoken with the police and explained to them that she was not involved in the offense.
The defendant then apologized to Martin, told her that he loved her, and apologized if his
actions caused her to lose her job. Martin also told the jury that she had been charged
with receiving stolen property, and that she participated in a diversion program. She
further stated that the case against her is now resolved.
{¶15} During interviews with the North Randall Police Chief, Ronald Mosley, and
Lieutenant Rose, the defendant at first denied knowing anything about the robbery.
However, after learning that Martin may be indicted, he told the officers, “I did it, I
robbed [Bond].” Bank surveillance photos depict an individual in the area shortly before
Bond arrived at the bank. The police obtained no additional information regarding the
identification or whereabouts of Jones.
{¶16} From the foregoing, we cannot say that the jury lost its way in convicting the
defendant of the offenses. The record establishes that the defendant had been in the
store prior to the robbery, expressed an interest in the deposits, and spoke of robbing the
manager. On the date of the robbery, he gave Martin money and a store receipt. He
also left a message for Martin in which he inculpated himself and stated that Martin was uninvolved in the crime. The defendant did not present evidence. On this record, and
weighing the evidence and all reasonable inferences, we are unable to conclude that the
court clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice in convicting
the defendant of the robbery charges.
{¶17} The convictions are not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶18} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed, and this case is remanded to the
trial court for resentencing
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR