[Cite as State v. Duff, 2016-Ohio-2786.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. John W. Wise, J. -vs- : : JAMES R. DUFF : Case No. 15-CA-84 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 15-TRD-02169
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 29, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
AMY S. DAVISON GARY D. ANDORKA 40 West Main Street 1650 Lake Shore Drive Newrak, OH 43055 Suite 150 Columbus, OH 43204 Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 2
Farmer, P.J.
{¶1} On March 15, 2015, Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper Drew Untied cited
appellant, James Duff, for traveling 110 m.p.h. in a 70 m.p.h. zone in violation of R.C.
4511.21(D)(4).
{¶2} On March 24, 2015, appellant pled guilty to the charge and the trial court
ordered him to pay a fine and court costs and suspended his driver's license for one year
due to reckless driving. Appellant filed an appeal, claiming the trial court failed to provide
him with a proper arraignment as he had appeared without counsel and he was not
advised of any of his rights other than those included in the acknowledgment of rights
form. The state conceded the issue. By judgment entry filed September 14, 2015, this
court reversed the trial court's judgment and remanded the matter to the trial court for
further proceedings.
{¶3} Upon remand, a bench trial was held on October 20, 2015. Appellant was
represented by counsel. The trial court found appellant guilty as charged, and ordered
him to pay a fine and court costs and suspended his driver's license for six months due
to reckless driving.
{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶5} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED UPON REMAND BY NOT PROVIDING THE
DEFENDANT AN ARRAIGNMENT PRIOR TO CONDUCTING A TRIAL IN VIOLATION
OF OHIO TRAFFIC RULE 8(A)." Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 3
II
{¶6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN MAKING A FINDING OF
RECKLESSNESS UNDER OHIO REVISED CODE 4510.15 AND SUSPENDING
APPELLANT'S DRIVER'S LICENSE AS THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO
SHOW THAT APPELLANT OPERATED THE VEHICLE IN WILLFUL AND WANTON
DISREGARD TO THE SAFETY OF OTHERS."
{¶7} Appellant claims the trial court erred in not re-arraigning him upon remand.
We disagree.
{¶8} Appellant argues the trial court violated Traf.R. 8 which states the following
in pertinent part:
(A) Arraignment Time. Where practicable, every defendant shall be
arraigned before contested matters are taken up. Trial may be conducted
immediately following arraignment.
(B) Arraignment Procedure. Arraignment shall be conducted in
open court and shall consist of reading the complaint to the defendant, or
stating to him the substance of the charge, and calling on him to plead
thereto. The defendant shall be given a copy of the complaint, or shall
acknowledge receipt thereof, before being called upon to plead and may in
open court waive the reading of the complaint. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 4
(D) Explanation of Rights. Before calling upon a defendant to plead
at arraignment the judge shall cause him to be informed and shall determine
that defendant knows and understands:
(1) That he has a right to counsel and the right to a reasonable
continuance in the proceedings to secure counsel, and, pursuant to Criminal
Rule 44, the right to have counsel assigned without cost to himself if he is
unable to employ counsel;
(2) That he has a right to bail as provided in Rule 4;
(3) That he need make no statement at any point in the proceeding;
but any statement made may be used against him;
(4) That he has, where such right exists, a right to jury trial and that
he must, in petty offense cases, make a demand for a jury pursuant to
Criminal Rule 23;
(5) That if he is convicted a record of the conviction will be sent to
the Bureau of Motor Vehicles and become part of his driving record.
{¶9} Appellant argues upon remand, the trial court failed to re-arraign him and
instead set the matter for trial. Appellant was initially arraigned on March 24, 2015. After
remand, appellant obtained counsel, filed a motion for a continuance which was granted,
and participated in discovery. At no time during the proceedings did appellant object to
the failure to re-arraign him; therefore, he waived his right to challenge the issue on
appeal. As the United States Supreme Court stated in Garland v. Washington, 232 U.S. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 5
642, 646, 34 S.Ct. 456 (1914), adopting the dissenting opinion of Justice Peckham in
Crain v. United States, 162 U. S. 625, 649, 16 Sup.Ct. 952:
'***A waiver ought to be conclusively implied where the parties had
proceeded as if defendant had been duly arraigned, and a formal plea of
not guilty had been interposed, and where there was no objection made on
account of its absence until, as in this case, the record was brought to this
court for review. It would be inconsistent with the due administration of
justice to permit a defendant under such circumstances to lie by, say
nothing as to such an objection, and then for the first time urge it in this
court.'
{¶10} In Lester v. Leuck, 142 Ohio St. 91, 92-93 (1943), quoting State v. Kollar,
95 Ohio St. 89 (1915), the Supreme Court of Ohio stated the following:
'The law imposes upon every litigant the duty of vigilance in the trial
of a case, and even where the trial court commits an error to his prejudice,
he is required then and there to challenge the attention of the court to that
error, by excepting thereto, and upon failure of the court to correct the same
to cause his exceptions to be noted.
'It follows, therefore, that, for much graver reasons, a litigant cannot
be permitted, either intentionally or unintentionally, to induce or mislead a Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 6
court into the commission of an error and then procure a reversal of the
judgment for an error for which he was actively responsible.'
{¶11} Upon review, we find no error on the re-arraignment issue.
{¶12} Assignment of Error I is denied.
{¶13} Appellant claims the trial court abused its discretion in finding recklessness
and suspending his driver's license for excessive speed. We disagree.
{¶14} "This Court reviews the trial court's decision to suspend a defendant's
driver's license under R.C. 4510.15 (formerly R.C. 4507.34) for an abuse of discretion.
State v. Tamburin, 145 Ohio App.3d 774, 780, 764 N.E.2d 503 (9th Dist.2001)." State v.
Castagnola, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 15-COA-026, 2015-Ohio-4752, ¶ 19. In order to find
an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable,
arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
{¶15} R.C. 4510.15 permits a trial court to suspend a defendant's driver's license
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[Cite as State v. Duff, 2016-Ohio-2786.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. John W. Wise, J. -vs- : : JAMES R. DUFF : Case No. 15-CA-84 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 15-TRD-02169
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 29, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
AMY S. DAVISON GARY D. ANDORKA 40 West Main Street 1650 Lake Shore Drive Newrak, OH 43055 Suite 150 Columbus, OH 43204 Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 2
Farmer, P.J.
{¶1} On March 15, 2015, Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper Drew Untied cited
appellant, James Duff, for traveling 110 m.p.h. in a 70 m.p.h. zone in violation of R.C.
4511.21(D)(4).
{¶2} On March 24, 2015, appellant pled guilty to the charge and the trial court
ordered him to pay a fine and court costs and suspended his driver's license for one year
due to reckless driving. Appellant filed an appeal, claiming the trial court failed to provide
him with a proper arraignment as he had appeared without counsel and he was not
advised of any of his rights other than those included in the acknowledgment of rights
form. The state conceded the issue. By judgment entry filed September 14, 2015, this
court reversed the trial court's judgment and remanded the matter to the trial court for
further proceedings.
{¶3} Upon remand, a bench trial was held on October 20, 2015. Appellant was
represented by counsel. The trial court found appellant guilty as charged, and ordered
him to pay a fine and court costs and suspended his driver's license for six months due
to reckless driving.
{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶5} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED UPON REMAND BY NOT PROVIDING THE
DEFENDANT AN ARRAIGNMENT PRIOR TO CONDUCTING A TRIAL IN VIOLATION
OF OHIO TRAFFIC RULE 8(A)." Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 3
II
{¶6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN MAKING A FINDING OF
RECKLESSNESS UNDER OHIO REVISED CODE 4510.15 AND SUSPENDING
APPELLANT'S DRIVER'S LICENSE AS THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO
SHOW THAT APPELLANT OPERATED THE VEHICLE IN WILLFUL AND WANTON
DISREGARD TO THE SAFETY OF OTHERS."
{¶7} Appellant claims the trial court erred in not re-arraigning him upon remand.
We disagree.
{¶8} Appellant argues the trial court violated Traf.R. 8 which states the following
in pertinent part:
(A) Arraignment Time. Where practicable, every defendant shall be
arraigned before contested matters are taken up. Trial may be conducted
immediately following arraignment.
(B) Arraignment Procedure. Arraignment shall be conducted in
open court and shall consist of reading the complaint to the defendant, or
stating to him the substance of the charge, and calling on him to plead
thereto. The defendant shall be given a copy of the complaint, or shall
acknowledge receipt thereof, before being called upon to plead and may in
open court waive the reading of the complaint. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 4
(D) Explanation of Rights. Before calling upon a defendant to plead
at arraignment the judge shall cause him to be informed and shall determine
that defendant knows and understands:
(1) That he has a right to counsel and the right to a reasonable
continuance in the proceedings to secure counsel, and, pursuant to Criminal
Rule 44, the right to have counsel assigned without cost to himself if he is
unable to employ counsel;
(2) That he has a right to bail as provided in Rule 4;
(3) That he need make no statement at any point in the proceeding;
but any statement made may be used against him;
(4) That he has, where such right exists, a right to jury trial and that
he must, in petty offense cases, make a demand for a jury pursuant to
Criminal Rule 23;
(5) That if he is convicted a record of the conviction will be sent to
the Bureau of Motor Vehicles and become part of his driving record.
{¶9} Appellant argues upon remand, the trial court failed to re-arraign him and
instead set the matter for trial. Appellant was initially arraigned on March 24, 2015. After
remand, appellant obtained counsel, filed a motion for a continuance which was granted,
and participated in discovery. At no time during the proceedings did appellant object to
the failure to re-arraign him; therefore, he waived his right to challenge the issue on
appeal. As the United States Supreme Court stated in Garland v. Washington, 232 U.S. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 5
642, 646, 34 S.Ct. 456 (1914), adopting the dissenting opinion of Justice Peckham in
Crain v. United States, 162 U. S. 625, 649, 16 Sup.Ct. 952:
'***A waiver ought to be conclusively implied where the parties had
proceeded as if defendant had been duly arraigned, and a formal plea of
not guilty had been interposed, and where there was no objection made on
account of its absence until, as in this case, the record was brought to this
court for review. It would be inconsistent with the due administration of
justice to permit a defendant under such circumstances to lie by, say
nothing as to such an objection, and then for the first time urge it in this
court.'
{¶10} In Lester v. Leuck, 142 Ohio St. 91, 92-93 (1943), quoting State v. Kollar,
95 Ohio St. 89 (1915), the Supreme Court of Ohio stated the following:
'The law imposes upon every litigant the duty of vigilance in the trial
of a case, and even where the trial court commits an error to his prejudice,
he is required then and there to challenge the attention of the court to that
error, by excepting thereto, and upon failure of the court to correct the same
to cause his exceptions to be noted.
'It follows, therefore, that, for much graver reasons, a litigant cannot
be permitted, either intentionally or unintentionally, to induce or mislead a Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 6
court into the commission of an error and then procure a reversal of the
judgment for an error for which he was actively responsible.'
{¶11} Upon review, we find no error on the re-arraignment issue.
{¶12} Assignment of Error I is denied.
{¶13} Appellant claims the trial court abused its discretion in finding recklessness
and suspending his driver's license for excessive speed. We disagree.
{¶14} "This Court reviews the trial court's decision to suspend a defendant's
driver's license under R.C. 4510.15 (formerly R.C. 4507.34) for an abuse of discretion.
State v. Tamburin, 145 Ohio App.3d 774, 780, 764 N.E.2d 503 (9th Dist.2001)." State v.
Castagnola, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 15-COA-026, 2015-Ohio-4752, ¶ 19. In order to find
an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable,
arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
{¶15} R.C. 4510.15 permits a trial court to suspend a defendant's driver's license
if the traffic violation amounts to reckless operation:
Whenever a person is found guilty under the laws of this state, or
under any ordinance of any political subdivision of this state, of operating a
motor vehicle in violation of any such law or ordinance relating to reckless
operation, the trial court of any court of record, in addition to or independent
of all other penalties provided by law, may impose a class five suspension Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 7
of the offender's driver's or commercial driver's license or permit or
nonresident operating privilege from the range specified in division (A)(5) of
section 4510.02 of the Revised Code.
{¶16} R.C. 2901.22(C) states:
A person acts recklessly when, with heedless indifference to the
consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk that his conduct is
likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. A person
is reckless with respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference
to the consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk that such
circumstances are likely to exist.
{¶17} As explained by the Castagnola court, supra, at ¶ 20:
A court's authority to suspend a driver's license under R.C. 4510.15
may arise when a person has been charged with and convicted of speeding
under R.C. 4511.21, without any charge of reckless operation being made
under R.C. 4511. 20, inasmuch as a law or ordinance prohibiting speeding
is a prohibition "relating to reckless operation" of a motor vehicle within the
meaning of R.C. 4507.34, now 4510.15. State v. Newkirk, 21 Ohio App.2d
160, 255 N.E.2d 851 (5th Dist.1968). See also: State v. Secrest, 9th Dist. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 8
Wayne No. 04CA0023, 2004-Ohio-4585; State v. Short, 2d Dist.
Champaign No. 2003CA42, 2004-Ohio-5985.
{¶18} Appellant argues the circumstances sub judice do not equate to
recklessness. He argues the only fact presented was his speed of 110 m.p.h. in a 70
m.p.h. zone. Trooper Untied testified to the following (T. at 12-14):
Q. Okay and where were you located physically?
A. Um…I-70 Westbound near the 136 mile marker. Between 136
and 137.
Q. And you said you were stationary?
A. That is correct.
***
Q. For that area what is the posted speed limit for traffic?
A. 70.
Q. Okay now at the time you were checking traffic um...did any
vehicle I guess draw your attention to it with regard to speed?
A. Yes.
Q. What did you see?
A. I observed a black four door BMW traveling westbound in the left
lane. He was alone in the left lane and I visually estimated his vehicle well
over 100 miles an hour. It was quite shocking. Um…I activated my laser
and got three checks on the vehicle. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 9
Q. And what were the three checks?
A. It was 108, 110, and then down to 107.
Q. Okay and you said that he was alone in the left lane?
A. Correct.
Q. There weren't any other cars beside him?
A. There weren't any immediately in front of him or beside him or
ahead of him no ma'am.
{¶19} Appellant was travelling alone in the left lane of W I-70 and there were no
other vehicles immediately in front or behind him. T. at 13-14. W I-70 is three lanes of
traffic, the pavement was dry, the visibility was clear, and there were no adverse weather
conditions. T. at 17. Although all of these facts were uncontested, appellant's speed (110
m.p.h.) was in excess of fifty percent of the posted speed limit (70 m.p.h.). There can be
no other classification of the speed as grossly excessive, and such a speed is a conscious
disregard of a known risk and the rights and safety of others with heedless indifference
to the consequences.
{¶20} Upon review, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding
appellant's operation of his vehicle was reckless and in suspending appellant's driving
privileges.
{¶21} Assignment of Error II is denied. Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-84 10
{¶22} The judgment of the Municipal Court of Licking County, Ohio is hereby
affirmed.
By Farmer, P.J.
Gwin, J. and
Wise, J. concur.
SGF/sg 420