State v. Donley

2024 Ohio 5508

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 22, 2024
• Docket: 30120
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Donley, 2024-Ohio-5508.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO : : Appellee : C.A. No. 30120 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2014 CR 01142 : ISREAL DONLEY : (Criminal Appeal from Common Pleas : Court) Appellant : :

...........

OPINION

Rendered on November 22, 2024

ISREAL DONLEY, Pro Se Appellant

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH H. CHANEY, Attorney for Appellee

.............

EPLEY, P.J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant Isreal Donley appeals from a judgment of the

Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas that denied his motion for a new trial without

a hearing. For the reasons that follow, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.

I. Facts and Procedural History -2-

{¶ 2} The following facts are taken from our opinion in State v. Donley, 2022-Ohio-

4003 (2d Dist.) (Donley III). On March 26, 2014, Detective Patrick O'Connell of the

Montgomery County R.A.N.G.E. Task Force observed a suspected drug transaction

between the resident of a home occupied by a known drug dealer and the driver of a

white GMC Yukon, who was later identified as Donley. Det. O’Connell informed his fellow

task force member, Deputy Frederick Zollers, of the transaction and advised Dep. Zollers

that the Yukon had very dark window tint. After the Yukon left the residence, Dep. Zollers

initiated a traffic stop based on the window tint and ran Donley's identification information

through his computer system. In doing so, Dep. Zollers learned that the vehicle was

registered to Donley’s wife, Alma, and that Donley had an outstanding warrant from the

juvenile court for a child support issue. Dep. Zollers thereafter arrested Donley pursuant

to the warrant and called for a canine unit to do a sniff of the vehicle.

{¶ 3} Within a few minutes, Deputy Joseph Caito arrived at the scene with his

canine. Dep. Caito walked his canine around the vehicle, and the canine alerted to the

odor of drugs at the area between the front and rear driver-side doors of the vehicle.

Thereafter, Dep. Caito terminated the drug sniff, returned his canine to his cruiser, and

assisted Dep. Zollers with searching the interior of the vehicle. The search, however, did

not yield any drugs.

{¶ 4} Because Donley had been arrested and had been the sole occupant of the

vehicle, Dep. Zollers had Donley’s vehicle towed. Before the tow truck driver drove away

with the vehicle, a man who identified himself as Donley’s brother asked if he could get

something out of the vehicle. Because the vehicle was being impounded by the police, -3-

the tow truck driver did not let the man retrieve anything out of the vehicle.

{¶ 5} At the tow yard, the tow truck driver attempted to start Donley’s vehicle so

that he could put it in a parking spot, but the vehicle would not start. The tow truck driver

then looked under the hood of the vehicle to see if there was a mechanical problem.

Under the hood, the tow truck driver found a gun and a magazine inside a brown, wool-

knit hat that was lying on top of the vehicle’s battery. The tow truck driver also discovered

that the battery had a loose connection.

{¶ 6} After finding the gun and the magazine, the tow truck driver contacted the

sheriff's office. The sheriff’s office then sent an evidence technician to the tow yard. While

the evidence technician was collecting evidence related to the gun, a tow yard employee,

“out of curiosity,” flipped open the vehicle’s gas tank lid and observed a pair of brown

jersey gloves wadded up on top of the gas cap. The evidence technician told the

employee not to touch the gloves and then removed the gloves himself. In doing so, the

evidence technician found inside one of the gloves a baggie containing a white powdery

substance that tested positive for cocaine.

{¶ 7} The jury considered the foregoing information and found Donley guilty of

possession of cocaine and having weapons while under disability. The trial court then

held a joint sentencing hearing during which it sentenced Donley for these offenses and

for offenses in Montgomery C.P. Nos. 2014-CR-2391 and 2014-CR-3312. The trial court

imposed a ten-year prison term for possession of cocaine and a concurrent three-year

prison term for having weapons while under disability. The trial court ordered the resulting

ten-year prison term to be served concurrently to a 36-month prison term imposed in Case -4-

No. 2014-CR-2391 and consecutively to a 36-month prison term imposed in Case No.

2014-CR-3312. Donley was therefore sentenced to an aggregate term of 13 years in

prison.

{¶ 8} Donley appealed from his convictions. In doing so, he raised several

assignments of error, including that his convictions for possession of cocaine and having

weapons while under disability were not supported by sufficient evidence and were

against the manifest weight of the evidence. On February 17, 2017, this court affirmed

Donley’s conviction for possession of cocaine but vacated his conviction for having

weapons while under disability on grounds that there was insufficient evidence to

establish that Donley knowingly possessed the gun that was discovered in his vehicle.

State v. Donley, 2017-Ohio-562 (2d Dist.).

{¶ 9} Two years later, Donley filed a “Motion for Final Appealable Order” wherein

he challenged the post-release control sanctions imposed by the trial court at his joint

sentencing hearing. The trial court denied the motion and Donley appealed. On appeal,

we found that the trial court had misstated the post-release control sanctions imposed in

Case Nos. 2014-CR-2391 and 2014-CR-3312, but we found no error in the post-release

control sanction imposed in the instant case. State v. Donley, 2020-Ohio-391 (2d Dist.).

{¶ 10} In August 2021, more than six years after his conviction, Donley filed a

petition for post-conviction relief pursuant to R.C. 2953.21. In the petition, Donley argued

that he had been denied his constitutional rights to a fair trial and confrontation because

he had been unable to confront and attack the credibility of one of the State’s witnesses,

Dep. Caito, using certain criminal activity and misconduct in which Dep. Caito had -5-

engaged near the time of Donley’s trial. The criminal activity was Dep. Caito’s 2017 fourth-

degree-felony grand theft conviction for stealing money from a local police union between

2014 and 2016.

{¶ 11} Donley argued that the detective’s criminal activity would have been

admissible at trial for purposes of attacking the veracity and credibility of Dep. Caito’s

testimony and claimed that the new evidence would have “shifted the balance of justice”

in his favor had it been presented to the jury. Donley acknowledged that Dep. Caito’s

criminal activity had not been discovered until after his trial, but he still argued that he

should not have been deprived of his right to confront a witness.

{¶ 12} The trial court overruled Donley’s petition, finding that evidence of Dep.

Caito’s legal troubles would not have been admissible under Evid.R. 404(B). On appeal,

we affirmed, noting that a witness credibility challenge is insufficient to demonstrate, by

clear and convincing evidence, that “no reasonable factfinder would have found the

petitioner guilty of the offense.” Donley III, 2022-Ohio-4003, at ¶ 25. We also stated that

Donley’s suggestion that the verdict would have been in his favor had Dep. Caito’s

credibility been challenged was pure speculation. Id. at ¶ 26.

{¶ 13} On December 15, 2023, Donley filed a motion for leave to file a delayed

motion for a new trial. The motion stated that a family member had discovered evidence

that called into question the credibility of Dep. Caito, specifically that he had been

convicted of theft in 2017. It also noted that the deputy had received a “Letter of Caution”

for alleged misconduct. The trial court overruled Donley’s motion, finding that he had

previously raised the issue in his petition for post-conviction relief that had been -6-

considered and overruled in December 2021. Accordingly, the court found that “further

consideration of this issue is precluded by the doctrine of res judicata.”

{¶ 14} Donley has appealed, raising two assignments of error.

II. Unavoidable Delay

{¶ 15} In his first assignment of error, Donley contends that the trial court abused

its discretion when it determined that he “was not unavoidably delayed from discovering

information which the State did not disclose in Violation of his 4 th and 14th Amendment

Rights[.]” Appellant’s Brief at 6. He seems to argue that the State should have told him

that one of its witnesses, Dep. Caito, had been disciplined at work for turning off his in-

car and on-person recording devices to threaten a person in the back of his cruiser and

that he had been convicted of theft.

{¶ 16} According to Crim.R. 33, a new trial may be granted on motion of a

defendant when new evidence material to the defense is discovered, which the defendant

could not with reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the trial. Crim. R.

33(A)(6). This must be done within 120 days of the verdict, and if not, a defendant “must

first file a motion for leave, showing by clear and convincing proof that he has been

unavoidably prevented from filing a motion in a timely fashion.” State v. Stevens, 2010-

Ohio-556, ¶ 10 (2d Dist.). A person is unavoidably prevented from filing if the party had

no knowledge of the existence of the ground supporting the motion for a new trial and

could not have learned of its existence within the time prescribed for filing the motion in

the exercise of reasonable diligence. State v. Bethel, 2022-Ohio-783, ¶ 21. The decision

whether to grant a new trial on account of newly discovered evidence falls within the -7-

sound discretion of the trial court. State v. LaMar, 2002-Ohio-2128, ¶ 85.

{¶ 17} To decide this case, however, it is not necessary to analyze whether a new

trial should have been granted because it was foreclosed by the doctrine of res judicata.

“Pursuant to the doctrine of res judicata, a valid final judgment on the merits bars all

subsequent actions based on any claim arising out of the transaction or occurrence that

was the subject matter of the previous action.” State v. Reed, 2015-Ohio-3051, ¶ 26 (2d

Dist.), quoting State v. Collins, 2013-Ohio-3645, ¶ 9 (2d Dist.). Accord State v. Hatton,

2013-Ohio-475, ¶ 16 (4th Dist.) (“[R]es judicata bars a motion for a new trial when the

movant raised, or could have raised, that issue, in a prior action.”). “[T]he doctrine serves

to preclude a defendant who has had his day in court from seeking a second on that same

issue. In so doing, res judicata promotes the principles of finality and judicial economy by

preventing endless relitigation of an issue on which a defendant has already received a

full and fair opportunity to be heard.” State v. Saxon, 2006-Ohio-1245, ¶ 18.

{¶ 18} Donley filed a petition for post-conviction relief in August 2021 in which he

argued that his constitutional rights had been infringed because he was unable to confront

and attack the credibility of Dep. Caito using the criminal activity and professional

misconduct in which he had engaged. He cited Dep. Caito’s 2017 conviction for grand

theft and the “Letter of Caution” he received from his employer and argued that, had this

evidence been available to him at trial, the outcome would have been different. Both the

trial court and this Court rejected that argument.

{¶ 19} Donley makes the same arguments now, just in the context of a motion for

a new trial instead of a petition for post-conviction relief. Thus, res judicata acts as a bar -8-

to consideration. But even if consideration were not barred by res judicata, the motion

would be unsuccessful.

{¶ 20} To grant a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence, the court

must find that the new evidence discloses “a strong probability that it will change the result

if a new trial is granted” and cannot be “merely cumulative to former evidence.” LaMar at

¶ 85, quoting State v. Hawkins, 66 Ohio St.3d 339, 350 (1993). Accord State v. Ayers,

2022-Ohio-1910, ¶ 116 (5th Dist.). In considering this same argument in Donley III, we

noted that Donley’s claim that the jury’s verdict would have shifted in his favor had he

been able to challenge Dep. Caito’s credibility using the criminal activity in question and

the “Letter of Caution” was “purely speculative.” Donley III at ¶ 26. We also reasoned that

Caito’s credibility would not have made a difference in the trial because the deputy played

such a small role in the case. Dep. Caito simply responded to the stop to have his canine

partner conduct a free-air sniff. While he assisted with the search of the car’s interior, no

drugs were found there, and he was not present when the drugs were discovered. As we

stated the last time we considered this issue, “[g]iven Dep. Caito’s limited role in the case,

we fail to see how attacking his credibility in the manner proposed by Donley would have

affected the jury’s verdict.” Id. at ¶ 27.

{¶ 21} The trial court did not abuse its discretion by overruling Donley’s motion for

leave to file a delayed motion for a new trial. The first assignment of error is overruled.

III. Evidentiary Hearing

{¶ 22} In his second assignment of error, Donley claims that the trial court abused

its discretion in failing to hold an evidentiary hearing. This argument, though, is defeated -9-

by res judicata as well: there could be no consideration of a hearing because the motion

itself was barred by res judicata. The second assignment of error is overruled.

IV. Conclusion

{¶ 23} The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.

WELBAUM, J. and TUCKER, J., concur.