[Cite as State v. Dienes , 2012-Ohio-4588.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97578
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
FRANK DIENES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-549384
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 4, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Robert A. Dixon The Brownhoist Building 4403 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44103
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Scott Zarzycki Marc D. Bullard Assistant County Prosecutors 9th Floor, Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Frank Dienes (“Dienes”), appeals his conviction for
murder. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶2} In April 2011, Dienes was charged with aggravated murder with firearm
specifications, tampering with evidence, and gross abuse of a corpse. In May, he was
referred to the court psychiatric clinic to be evaluated for competence to stand trial. In
June, he was transferred to the clinic for a 20-day inpatient evaluation. In July, the court
was given the report and the clinic’s conclusion. The State stipulated to the report but
defense counsel did not. Defense counsel received additional time to seek an
independent report.
{¶3} In August, after thoroughly reviewing the report and deciding not to seek an
independent evaluation, defense counsel stipulated to the report. In November 2011,
Dienes pled guilty to an amended charge of murder with a one-year firearm specification.
The remaining charges were nolled. He was sentenced to life in prison with the
possibility of parole after 16 years.
{¶4} Dienes now appeals, raising three assignments of error.
Competency Hearing {¶5} In his first assignment of error, Dienes argues that he was denied due
process when the trial court failed to conduct a hearing regarding his competence to stand
trial.
{¶6} Dienes argues that he was denied due process when the trial court failed to
hold a hearing on his competency. If, in the alternative, a hearing was not required,
Dienes argues that he was denied due process when the trial court failed to make specific
findings that he was competent to stand trial. He fails to cite any statute or case law to
support his arguments.
{¶7} Dienes makes no argument that he was not competent to enter a guilty plea
or that his plea was not voluntarily, intelligently, or knowingly entered. The record
indicates that he clearly understood the nature of the proceedings. By entering a valid
guilty plea, Dienes waived any argument pertaining to his competency. State v. Fore, 18
Ohio App.2d 264, 269, 248 N.E.2d 633 (4th Dist.1969); State v. Crawford, 7th Dist. No.
91 C.A. 79, 1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 1343 (Mar. 5, 1993); State v. Denton, 2d Dist. No.
11376, 1989 Ohio App. LEXIS 4948 (Dec. 29, 1989). A plea of guilty is an “implied
admission of sanity.” Fore. See also State v. Jackson, 8th Dist. No. 80299,
2002-Ohio-2711.
{¶8} Furthermore, the parties stipulated to the report at a hearing. “* * * A
written report of the evaluation of the defendant may be admitted into evidence at the
hearing by stipulation[.] * * *” R.C. 2945.37(E). The court had in fact held numerous
pretrial hearings in which Dienes’s competency was discussed and addressed. After having stipulated to his competency, both parties waived the right to any additional
competency hearings because there was no need to rebut the report once both had
stipulated to it.
{¶9} This court has held that “[t]he competency issue is one that can be waived by
the parties. A hearing is not required in all situations, only those where the competency
issue is raised and maintained.” State v. Smith, 8th Dist. No. 95505,
2011-Ohio-2400, ¶5. In Smith, we held that where a defendant stipulates to competency,
a trial court need not hold a hearing pursuant to R.C. 2945.37(B) because a hearing is
only needed to introduce evidence rebutting the presumption of competency established
in R.C. 2945.37(G). Id. at ¶ 6; see also State v. Asadi-Ousley, 8th Dist. No. 96668,
2012-Ohio-106, ¶ 10.
{¶10} Finally, there is no statutory requirement that the court make specific
findings on the record regarding a defendant’s competency, above and beyond the report
itself. In the instant case, the court went so far as to state the report’s findings on the
record.
{¶11} Accordingly, the first assignment of error is overruled.
Recusal
{¶12} In his second assignment of error, Dienes argues that he was denied due
process when the trial judge failed to recuse himself after accusing Dienes of attempting
to manipulate the proceedings. {¶13} In the instant case, during a pretrial hearing the trial court engaged Dienes in
a discussion regarding its opinion, and that of the clinic’s expert, that Dienes was
manipulating the competency proceedings and malingering in the eyes of the court. The
court went on to modify Dienes’s bond in response to the alleged manipulation.
{¶14} First, we note that Dienes never actually sought the court’s recusal. Had
Dienes moved the court for recusal and the court refused, we would be without
jurisdiction to review this assignment of error. This court has no authority to consider
any questions about a trial court’s refusal to recuse itself. Grogan v. T.W. Grogan Co.,
143 Ohio App.3d 548, 758 N.E.2d 702 (8th Dist.2001); see also State v. Ramos, 88 Ohio
App.3d 394, 398, 623 N.E.2d 1336 (9th Dist.1993).
{¶15} Furthermore, Dienes did not object to the trial court’s comments and, thus,
we review for plain error. Crim.R. 52(B) provides that: “Plain errors or defects affecting
substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the
court.”
{¶16} Regardless, in State v. Wade, 53 Ohio St.2d 182, 373 N.E.2d 1244 (1978),
cert. granted and judgment vacated on other grounds, 438 U.S. 911, 98 S.Ct. 3138, 57
L.Ed.2d 1157 (1978), the Ohio Supreme Court set forth the following criteria to
determine whether a trial court’s remarks are prejudicial:
(1) The burden of proof is placed upon the defendant to demonstrate prejudice, (2) it is presumed that the trial judge is in the best position to decide when a breach is committed and what corrective measures are called for, (3) the remarks are to be considered in light of the circumstances under which they are made, (4) consideration is to be given to their possible effect upon the jury, and (5) to their possible impairment of the effectiveness of counsel. {¶17} In the instant case, the comments were made during a pretrial hearing and
not in the presence of a jury. The case never proceeded to trial, as Dienes pled guilty.
In terms of the circumstances under which the comments were made, the court was using
the clinic’s report to support the opinion that Dienes was manipulating the court.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Dienes , 2012-Ohio-4588.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97578
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
FRANK DIENES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-549384
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 4, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Robert A. Dixon The Brownhoist Building 4403 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44103
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Scott Zarzycki Marc D. Bullard Assistant County Prosecutors 9th Floor, Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Frank Dienes (“Dienes”), appeals his conviction for
murder. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶2} In April 2011, Dienes was charged with aggravated murder with firearm
specifications, tampering with evidence, and gross abuse of a corpse. In May, he was
referred to the court psychiatric clinic to be evaluated for competence to stand trial. In
June, he was transferred to the clinic for a 20-day inpatient evaluation. In July, the court
was given the report and the clinic’s conclusion. The State stipulated to the report but
defense counsel did not. Defense counsel received additional time to seek an
independent report.
{¶3} In August, after thoroughly reviewing the report and deciding not to seek an
independent evaluation, defense counsel stipulated to the report. In November 2011,
Dienes pled guilty to an amended charge of murder with a one-year firearm specification.
The remaining charges were nolled. He was sentenced to life in prison with the
possibility of parole after 16 years.
{¶4} Dienes now appeals, raising three assignments of error.
Competency Hearing {¶5} In his first assignment of error, Dienes argues that he was denied due
process when the trial court failed to conduct a hearing regarding his competence to stand
trial.
{¶6} Dienes argues that he was denied due process when the trial court failed to
hold a hearing on his competency. If, in the alternative, a hearing was not required,
Dienes argues that he was denied due process when the trial court failed to make specific
findings that he was competent to stand trial. He fails to cite any statute or case law to
support his arguments.
{¶7} Dienes makes no argument that he was not competent to enter a guilty plea
or that his plea was not voluntarily, intelligently, or knowingly entered. The record
indicates that he clearly understood the nature of the proceedings. By entering a valid
guilty plea, Dienes waived any argument pertaining to his competency. State v. Fore, 18
Ohio App.2d 264, 269, 248 N.E.2d 633 (4th Dist.1969); State v. Crawford, 7th Dist. No.
91 C.A. 79, 1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 1343 (Mar. 5, 1993); State v. Denton, 2d Dist. No.
11376, 1989 Ohio App. LEXIS 4948 (Dec. 29, 1989). A plea of guilty is an “implied
admission of sanity.” Fore. See also State v. Jackson, 8th Dist. No. 80299,
2002-Ohio-2711.
{¶8} Furthermore, the parties stipulated to the report at a hearing. “* * * A
written report of the evaluation of the defendant may be admitted into evidence at the
hearing by stipulation[.] * * *” R.C. 2945.37(E). The court had in fact held numerous
pretrial hearings in which Dienes’s competency was discussed and addressed. After having stipulated to his competency, both parties waived the right to any additional
competency hearings because there was no need to rebut the report once both had
stipulated to it.
{¶9} This court has held that “[t]he competency issue is one that can be waived by
the parties. A hearing is not required in all situations, only those where the competency
issue is raised and maintained.” State v. Smith, 8th Dist. No. 95505,
2011-Ohio-2400, ¶5. In Smith, we held that where a defendant stipulates to competency,
a trial court need not hold a hearing pursuant to R.C. 2945.37(B) because a hearing is
only needed to introduce evidence rebutting the presumption of competency established
in R.C. 2945.37(G). Id. at ¶ 6; see also State v. Asadi-Ousley, 8th Dist. No. 96668,
2012-Ohio-106, ¶ 10.
{¶10} Finally, there is no statutory requirement that the court make specific
findings on the record regarding a defendant’s competency, above and beyond the report
itself. In the instant case, the court went so far as to state the report’s findings on the
record.
{¶11} Accordingly, the first assignment of error is overruled.
Recusal
{¶12} In his second assignment of error, Dienes argues that he was denied due
process when the trial judge failed to recuse himself after accusing Dienes of attempting
to manipulate the proceedings. {¶13} In the instant case, during a pretrial hearing the trial court engaged Dienes in
a discussion regarding its opinion, and that of the clinic’s expert, that Dienes was
manipulating the competency proceedings and malingering in the eyes of the court. The
court went on to modify Dienes’s bond in response to the alleged manipulation.
{¶14} First, we note that Dienes never actually sought the court’s recusal. Had
Dienes moved the court for recusal and the court refused, we would be without
jurisdiction to review this assignment of error. This court has no authority to consider
any questions about a trial court’s refusal to recuse itself. Grogan v. T.W. Grogan Co.,
143 Ohio App.3d 548, 758 N.E.2d 702 (8th Dist.2001); see also State v. Ramos, 88 Ohio
App.3d 394, 398, 623 N.E.2d 1336 (9th Dist.1993).
{¶15} Furthermore, Dienes did not object to the trial court’s comments and, thus,
we review for plain error. Crim.R. 52(B) provides that: “Plain errors or defects affecting
substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the
court.”
{¶16} Regardless, in State v. Wade, 53 Ohio St.2d 182, 373 N.E.2d 1244 (1978),
cert. granted and judgment vacated on other grounds, 438 U.S. 911, 98 S.Ct. 3138, 57
L.Ed.2d 1157 (1978), the Ohio Supreme Court set forth the following criteria to
determine whether a trial court’s remarks are prejudicial:
(1) The burden of proof is placed upon the defendant to demonstrate prejudice, (2) it is presumed that the trial judge is in the best position to decide when a breach is committed and what corrective measures are called for, (3) the remarks are to be considered in light of the circumstances under which they are made, (4) consideration is to be given to their possible effect upon the jury, and (5) to their possible impairment of the effectiveness of counsel. {¶17} In the instant case, the comments were made during a pretrial hearing and
not in the presence of a jury. The case never proceeded to trial, as Dienes pled guilty.
In terms of the circumstances under which the comments were made, the court was using
the clinic’s report to support the opinion that Dienes was manipulating the court.
Finally, Dienes has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by the trial court’s
comments, and has therefore, failed to meet his burden.
{¶18} Therefore, we find no prejudice in the comments made by the court.
Accordingly, the second assignment of error is overruled.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶19} In his third assignment of error, Dienes argues that he was denied his Sixth
Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel.
{¶20} Dienes claims that his trial counsel was ineffective for having 1) failed to
obtain an independent psychiatric expert, 2) waived a hearing on the issue, 3) failed to
object to the court’s discussion with Dienes regarding his alleged manipulation of the
competency evaluation, and 4) failed to request the judge’s recusal.
{¶21} In order to sustain an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the defendant
must prove “(1) that counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness, and (2) that counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced the defendant
resulting in an unreliable or fundamentally unfair outcome of the proceeding.” State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 388-389, 2000-Ohio-448, 721 N.E.2d 52, citing Strickland
v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).
{¶22} As to the second element of the test, the defendant must establish “that there
exists a reasonable probability that, were it not for counsel’s errors, the result of the trial
would have been different.” State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373
(1989), paragraph three of the syllabus; Strickland at 686. In evaluating whether a
petitioner has been denied effective assistance of counsel, the Ohio Supreme Court held
that the test is “whether the accused, under all the circumstances, had a fair trial and
substantial justice was done.” State v. Hester, 45 Ohio St.2d 71, 341 N.E.2d 304 (1976),
paragraph four of the syllabus.
{¶23} This court must presume that a licensed attorney is competent and that the
challenged action is the product of sound trial strategy and falls within the wide range of
professional assistance. Strickland at 689. Courts must generally refrain from
second-guessing trial counsel’s strategy, even where that strategy is questionable, and
appellate counsel claims that a different strategy would have been more effective. State
v. Jalowiec, 91 Ohio St.3d 220, 237, 2001-Ohio-26, 744 N.E.2d 163.
{¶24} Having found no error regarding the court’s statements, nor any need for
recusal, these alleged errors do not rise to the level of ineffective assistance of counsel.
{¶25} In terms of counsel’s alleged failure to obtain an independent psychiatric
report, we cannot infer from the record that this was not part of counsel’s strategy.
Counsel refused to stipulate to the report when it was first presented, requesting time to seek an independent evaluation. When counsel did eventually stipulate, it was after
having reviewed the report in its entirety, with Dienes, and after deciding not to seek an
independent evaluation. Having stipulated to the report, waiving a hearing on the
matter, and subsequently accepting a plea bargain, there is no evidence that this was not a
strategic decision, which this court will not second-guess. State v. Edwards, 119 Ohio
App.3d 106, 110, 694 N.E.2d 534 (10th Dist.1997); State v. Wilson, 8th Dist. No. 71758,
1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 1728 (Apr. 23, 1998).
{¶26} Based on the foregoing, Dienes has failed to demonstrate that counsel was
deficient. Therefore, we do not find that defense counsel’s performance rose to the level
of ineffective assistance of counsel.
{¶27} Accordingly, the third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶28} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________________________ COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR