State v. Desperados, Inc.

638 S.E.2d 4, 180 N.C. App. 378, 2006 N.C. App. LEXIS 2383
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedDecember 5, 2006
DocketNo. COA05-1397.
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 638 S.E.2d 4 (State v. Desperados, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Desperados, Inc., 638 S.E.2d 4, 180 N.C. App. 378, 2006 N.C. App. LEXIS 2383 (N.C. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

HUDSON, Judge.

A jury convicted defendant Cynthia Perez on twelve counts of violating the Beaufort County noise ordinance, and defendant Desperados, Inc., of violating the same statute on four occasions. All violations occurred between 10 May 2003 and 15 February 2004. The court sentenced Perez to thirty days in prison, suspended, supervised probation for twenty-four months, a fine of $500 and a split sentence of seven days in custody on one of the counts, and thirty days in prison, suspended, supervised probation for twenty-four months, and a fine of $500 on each of the other ten counts. Desperados received a $500 fine for each of the charges against it. Defendants appeal. As discussed below, we vacate these convictions.

The evidence tended to show the following: Perez is president of corporate defendant Desperados, Inc., which operates a nightclub in Beaufort County. The club, known as Desperados, plays music on many Friday nights and all Saturday nights, often showcasing live bands. C.L. Summerlin, who owns a trailer park and residence approximately 200 to 300 yards from the club, was the source of almost all of the complaints about excessive noise from the club. Several tenants of the trailer park testified that noise from the club had disturbed them, but other park residents testified that they had never heard any noise coming from Desperados. Deputy sheriff Keith Owens and other officers testified that they had measured sound levels at the club and issued citations when the levels violated the county noise ordinance.

Defendants first argue that the ordinance is void because it is overbroad. We do not agree.

On 7 April 2003, the Beaufort County Commissioners adopted a noise ordinance, which in pertinent part prohibits sound amplification, defined as:

Operate or allow operation of any sound amplification equipment so as to create sound levels exceeding 55 DBA or 65 dBC between 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. or exceeding 50 DBA or 60 dBC between 9:00 p.m. and 9:00 a.m., as measured anywhere outside of the boundary line of the person or persons making, permitting or causing such noise. The foregoing limitations on the operation of sound amplification equipment shall not apply to special event permit issued by the County of Beaufort, the operation of horns, sirens, or other emergency warning devices actually being used in emergency circumstances. [sic]

The parties stipulated that Perez sought a special event permit from the county commission but was denied. The record reflects nothing about the grounds for the denial.

As this Court has noted:

Noise ordinances present a great deal of problems in drafting and enforcing them because "the nature of sound makes resort to broadly stated definitions and prohibitions not only common but difficult to avoid." People v. New York Trap Rock Corp., 57 N.Y.2d 371, 442 N.E.2d 1222, 1226, 456 N.Y.S.2d 711 (N.Y.1982). A court may forbid enforcement of a noise statute or ordinance for overbreadth where it "reaches more broadly than is reasonably necessary to protect legitimate state interests" "at the expense of First Amendment freedoms." Reeves v. McConn, 631 *6F.2d 377, 383 (1980), reh'g denied, 638 F.2d 762 (5th Cir.1981).

State v. Garren, 117 N.C.App. 393, 395-6, 451 S.E.2d 315, 317 (1994). This Court went on to quote Reeves:

When the city fears disruption, it may prohibit conduct that actually causes, or imminently threatens to cause, material and substantial disruption of the community or invasion of the rights of others. Or the city may reasonably prohibit kinds or degrees of sound amplification that are clearly incompatible with the normal activity of certain locations at certain times. But the city may not broadly prohibit reasonably amplified speech merely because of an undifferentiated fear that disruption might sometimes result. When First Amendment freedoms are involved, the city may protect its legitimate interests only with precision.

Reeves, 631 F.2d at 388. "Music, be it singing, from the radio, played on a phonograph, etc., falls within these protected freedoms." Garren, 117 N.C.App. at 396, 451 S.E.2d at 317. In Garren, we held over-broad a noise ordinance that sought "to ban any singing, yelling, or the playing of any radio, amplifier, musical instrument, phonograph, loudspeakers, or other device producing sound regardless of their level of sound or actual impact on a person." Id. The State argues first that the sound here was not music, but simply noise; the record reflects otherwise and we reject this contention. Here, by contrast with Garren, the ordinance is much narrower, prohibiting sound amplification only at certain levels and at certain times, and thus the ordinance is not over-broad.

Defendants also argue that while sound amplification may be regulated, the ordinance here improperly leaves exemption from the ordinance in the sole unguided and unregulated discretion of the county commissioners. Defendants contend that this ordinance is unconstitutional because it allows the "the County" to issue special event permits in its discretion with no articulated standards, acting as an arbitrary prior restraint on free speech. We agree.

In Saia v. New York, 334 U.S. 558, 68 S.Ct. 1148, 92 L.Ed. 1574 (1948), the United States Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of an ordinance that forbade "the use of sound amplification devices except with permission of the Chief of Police." Id.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
638 S.E.2d 4, 180 N.C. App. 378, 2006 N.C. App. LEXIS 2383, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-desperados-inc-ncctapp-2006.